1、MBA 联考英语-英译汉及答案解析(总分：400.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart 1/B(总题数：20，分数：400.00)1.Success in improving students thinking skills will require long-term commitment and a continuing emphasis on those proven teaching methods and activities that engage students in thinking, explicitly focus on specific thinking skil
2、ls, and help students become more aware of their own thought processes. Instruction in thinking skills will have lasting benefits-students better able to acquire new information, to examine complex issues critically, and to solve new problems. In a world of rapid change and increasing complexity, it
3、 is difficult to imagine skills that are more fundamental. Like the ability to fish in the Chinese proverb, the ability to think lasts a lifetime.（分数：20.00）_2.The author of FAMILY VALUE paints a rather bleak vision of signs where the traditional family is headed in our postindustrial age. Divorce is
4、 raging. More people are living alone. Couples are often living together without the commitment of marriage. These statistics are Britain today, but the phenomena are occurring throughout the postindustrial world as well. Sociologists do not agree as to the causes of this bleakness. Some lay blame o
5、n single mothers who set up a cycle of economic deprivation, emotional instability and lack of parental authority. Others feel that women working full time having fewer children, living much longer than their grandmothers, yielding to advertising and financial stress, and striving to “succeed“ in te
6、rms of a man dominated world are the real causes. Also, families may be becoming more private as time and outside stress demand too much of its members. It seems, there is no sense of place in a time of continuous movement, old people need a purpose, and aging must be acknowledged.（分数：20.00）_3.Resea
7、rch by Deborah Tannen provides us with some important insights into the differences between men and women in terms of their conversational styles. In particular, she has been able to explain why gender often creates oral communication barriers. The essence of Tannens research is that men use talk to
8、 emphasize status whereas women use it to create connection Tannen states that communication is a continual balancing act, juggling the conflicting needs for intimacy and independence. Intimacy emphasizes closeness and commonalities. Independence emphasizes separateness and differences. So, for many
9、 men, conversations are primarily a means to preserve independence and maintain status in a hierarchical social order. For many women, conversations are negotiations for closeness in which people try to seek and give confirmation and support.（分数：20.00）_4.What, then, does Drucker suggest are the new
10、knowledge-based industries on which economic growth will depend? He discusses three categories of such industries. The first of these is the information industry. This industry collects, stores, spreads, and applies knowledge It depends on the computer. In the future, however, the computer itself wi
11、ll probably become less important than communicating and applying knowledge. Drucker foresees a central computer that will make information available to everyone. Another source of new industries is the science of the oceans. New technologies may help to supply food and minerals from the seas. A thi
12、rd new source of economic growth is the materials industry. This industry provides the materials for making objects. One such industry that has already become economically important is the plastic industry. Drucker explains that throughout history our traditional materials have been metals, glass, n
13、atural fibers, and paper. Today, with the help of modern science, industries can make many new materials to meet specific needs. Because they will be created to fit a certain product, they will be highly efficient. Consequently, he points out, industries that supply traditional materials such as ste
14、el or glass will have trouble competing with those that produce these new materials.（分数：20.00）_5.The hardest hit of all that week were Wall Streets specialist firms, the traders who were charged with maintaining orderly markets. That task required them to purchase stocks when there were no other buy
15、ers and to make sales when other sellers disappeared. Until the end of that week, a total 52 specialist firms had worked on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange: each had handled the shares of 20 to 30 specified Big Board companies. On Black Monday, the specialists grimly fulfilled their respons
16、ibilities, buying millions of shares as prices plunged all around them. Their losses could amount to as much as $750 million. Securities firms outside Wall Street also felt mortal pain. The 4 500 accounts of the New York Stock Exchange member were taken over by Rodman yet there is a curriculuma clus
17、ter of skills, values and rituals to be learned. Boys are taught to scrape bark and hollow out trees just as their ancestors did before them. The teacher in such a system knows what he is doing, secure in the knowledge that traditionthe pastwill work in the future. (3) What happens to such a tribe,
18、however, when it pursues its traditional methods unaware that five hundred miles upstream men are constructing a gigantic dam that will dry up their branch of the river? Suddenly the tribes image of the future, the set of assumptions on which its members base their present behavior, becomes dangerou
19、sly misleading. Tomorrow will not replicate today. The tribal investment in preparing its children to live in a river culture becomes a pointless and potentially tragic waste. A false image of the future destroys the relevance of the education effort. This is our situation todayonly it is we, ironic
20、ally, not some distant strangerswho are building the dam that will annihilate the culture of the present. (4) Never before has any culture subjected itself to so intense and prolonged a bombardment of technological, social, and info-psychological change. (5) This change is accelerating and we witnes
21、s everywhere in the high-technology societies evidence that the old industrial-era structures can no longer carry out their functions.（分数：20.00）_14.The process of entering the confines of political and economic power can be pictured as a system in which persons are chosen from a political elite pool
22、. (1) In this reservoir of possible leaders are the individuals with the skills, education, and other qualifications needed to fill elite positions. It is here that competition does exist, that the highest achievers do display their abilities, and that the best qualified do generally succeed. Here,
23、what is more important is entering this reservoir of qualified people. (2) Many in the masses may have leadership abilities, but unless they can gain entrance into the elite pool, their abilities will go unnoticed. Those of the higher class and status rank enter more easily into this competition sin
24、ce they have been afforded greater opportunities to acquire the needed qualifications. (3) In addition to formal qualifications, there are less obvious social-psychological factors which tend to narrow the potential elite pool further. (4) “Self-assertion“ and “self-elimination“ are processes by whi
25、ch those of higher social status assert themselves and those of lower social status eliminate themselves from competition for elite positions. A young man whose family has been active in politics, who has attended Harvard, and who has established a network of connections to the high position in the
26、business or political world. (5) On the other hand, a young man with less prestigious (有名望的) family background, no connections, and only a high school education or even a college degree from a state university would not likely expect a further place for himself at the top. As Prewitt and Stone expla
27、in, such an individual “has few models to follow, no contacts to put him into the right channels, and little reason to think of himself as potentially wealthy or powerful.“ Thus, self-selection aids in filtering out those of lower income and status groups from the pool of potential elites. Most elim
28、inate themselves from the competition early in the fame.（分数：20.00）_15.(1) If you believe the Macroeconomists, Europes new common currency will bring either economic chaos or the dawn of a new era of growth, restructuring, and prosperity. But for those who will be dealing with the euro on a daily bas
29、is, the new currency leads to a much more pragmatic dilemma: just how to put a price on everything from butter to Big Macs. Theres little doubt that consumer demand will lead to some pricing changes, especially after euro notes and coins are issued in 2002. Consider Magnum ice cream bars, which Unil
30、ever sells across Europe. In France they cost about $2.50, while in the Netherlands they cost $1 Priced in guilders and francs, the difference isnt so noticeable. (2) But when priced in euros beginning next year, French ice cream lovers will soon figure out that theyre paying 2.5 times what the Dutc
31、h are paying. The same is true for a vast number of products. “Currently we have different prices in different countries, which isnt so visible with different currencies,“ says Gunther Moissl of German mail order house Quelle Schickendanz. “The moment you price in euros, you can see it “ Of course,
32、nobody is going to drive across borders just to buy cheaper ice cream. But they already do for big-ticket items such as cars. (3) Moreover, says Jan Haars, Unilever treasurer: “The attitude of the consumer toward your product may change if he feels ice cream is twice as expensive at home as it is so
33、mewhere else.“ Thus, most everybody thinks the euro will force prices to converge. Volkswagen, which has been slapped with fines by the European Commission for trying to keep Germans from buying its cars at cheaper prices in Italy, says it has already narrowed price diffentials to 105. Wolfgang Hart
34、ung, head of the Euro project at Daimler-Benz, warns that anyone who thinks they can maintain vastly different prices in the era of the euro is engaged in wishful thinking. “People are too well-informed, says Hartung. Big price differences for the same product have been a fact Of life for years in E
35、urope. (4) Manufacturers justify this by citing differences in taxes, distribution and labor costs, foreign-exchange risk, even local taste. For example, Quelle says it charges German women more for bathing suits than Spanish women because Germans demand higher quality. “In Germany, the weight of th
36、e fabric must be higher, says Moissl, Quelles controller.”The Spanish accept poorer quality.“ Moissls not too concerned about maintaining price differentials for bathing suitslocal tastes in fashion, for instance, can justify ongoing price differentialsbut the pricing of such things as CD players is
37、 more problematic. The product doesnt differ much and can easily be shipped across borders. (5) Quelle says it is thinking about raising prices in less expensive countries to prevent middleman from buying, say, in Spain and then selling in Germany.（分数：20.00）_16.Do animals have rights? This is how th
38、e question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. (1) Actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have done. (
39、2) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. Howe
40、ver, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some peoplefor instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how
41、do you reply to somebody who says “I dont like this contract”? The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. (3) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with con
42、sideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental question: is this the way we treat animals a moral issue at all? Many deny it. (4) Arguing from the point of view that humans are different from animals i
43、n every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistakea sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans. This view, which holds that torturing a monke
44、y is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical“ . In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoningthe ethical equivalent of learning to crawlis to weigh others interests against ones own. This in turn requires s
45、ympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. (5) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughe
46、d at.（分数：20.00）_17.Being late is a habitbut no one can cure himself of it until he determines the cause of his tardiness. (1) Most people are continually attempting to crowd too many chores, amusements and social or business engagements into an inexorable number of hours and minutes. Some people hav
47、e stopwatch minds: some are sundial beings to whom time is a fuzzy thing, particularly after dark. (2) There are others who are deliberately late, to make a dramatic entrance or to show an imagined superiority. In Hollywood, its been said, everyone important is usually late for everything but studio conferences. At a party, each star arrives latein order of status. The top box-office attraction is allotted the final arrival. A psychiatrist te
