1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 17.3 Guidelines for Identification of the Source of Free Waters Associated with Marine Petroleum Cargo MovementsSECOND EDITION, DECEMBER 2016Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular ci
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17、tandardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 Sampling Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 Sampling Containers . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 Identification Labels or Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.4 Identificatio
21、n Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.5 Additional Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . . . 25 Measurement and Sampling of Free Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Basic Sampling and On-Site Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、27 Basic Analytical Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Annex A (informative) Interpretation and Presentation of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Anne
24、x B (informative) Comprehensive Investigative Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . 28Figures1 Example of Sample Label for Water Source Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Sample Receipt for Chain of Custody Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7A.1 Ex
26、ample of Basic Report Form for Coma Water Identification Analysis Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10A.2 Example of Comprehensive Report Form for Coma Water Identification Analysis Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12A.3 Report Form for Coma Water Identification Analysis Data for Delawa
27、re River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13A.4 Report Form for Coma Water Identification Analysis Data for Enhanced Plot of Delaware River . . . . . 14A.5 More Examples of Report Forms for Coma Water Identification Analysis Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Tables1 Minimum Tes
28、t Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A.1 Example Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . 9A.2 Approximate Values of Waters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13A.3 Component Ranges of Seawater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、. . . . . . 16A.4 Examples of Specific Seawater Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17A.5 More Examples of Specific Seawater Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . 17vIntroductionThe presence of free water is a factor in marine custody transfers of bulk petroleum, especially in the case of crude oil cargoes.The source and type of water contamination encountered can be identified if proper sampling and testing procedures are followed.Depending on the type of
32、 loading involved (i.e. shoreside-to-vessel, offshore buoy, or vessel-to-vessel) water contamination can involve produced formation waters, sea-line leakage, ballast water within the vessel, or ballast water from a lightering vessel.In addition, the party receiving the cargo at discharge may also en
33、counter waters that entered the vessel during its voyage.This chapter outlines recommended water-sampling locations and testing procedures to determine the most probable source(s) of free water volumes that occur in custody transfer.vi1Guidelines for Identification of the Source of Free Waters Assoc
34、iated with Marine Petroleum Cargo Movements1 ScopeThis chapter recommends the water samples and volumes to be taken, the containers to be used, the care and distribution of the samples, and the analytical procedures for use in identifying the probable source(s) of free water associated with marine p
35、etroleum cargoes. This chapter includes the following:a) basic sampling and on-site testing procedure,b) basic analytical procedures,c) Annex AInterpretation and Presentation of Results,d) Annex BComprehensive Investigative Program,e) examples of analysis and report forms,f) the notice that final re
36、sults should be understood to apply on the specific voyage under consideration.2 Normative ReferenceThis document should be used in conjunction with the following referenced documents. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
37、document (including any amendments) applies.API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 3, Tank Gauging (all sections)API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 8, Standardized Procedures for Sampling Crude Oil or Its Products (All Sections) API Manual of Petroleum
38、 Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 17.1, Guidelines for Marine Cargo Inspection API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 17.2, Measurement of Cargoes on Board Marine VesselsAPI Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) Chapter 17.11, Measurement and Sampling of Cargoes
39、On Board Tank Vessels Using Closed and Restricted EquipmentAPI Recommended Practice 45, Analysis of Oilfield Waters (Third Edition, August 1998, Reaffirmed, January 2012)3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.3.1ballast Water taken on when a vessel
40、 is empty or partially loaded/discharged to increase draft to properly submerge the propeller and maintain stability and trim.GUIDELINES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF THE SOURCE OF FREE WATERS ASSOCIATED WITH MARINE PETROLEUM CARGO MOVEMENTS 23.2free waterWater that exists as a separate phase.3.3sampleA por
41、tion extracted from a total volume that may or may not contain the constituents in the same proportions that are present in the total volume3.4spot sampleA sample taken at a specific location in a tank or from a flowing stream in a pipe at a specific time.4 Equipment4.1 Sampling EquipmentEquipment f
42、or sampling free water is described in API MPMS Chapter 8.1.4.2 Sampling ContainersSampling containers should be clean one-quart or one-liter containers made of glass or high-density polyethylene.4.3 Identification Labels or TagsLabels or tags should contain information listed in 6.6 and must be abl
43、e to be securely affixed to sample containers. See Figure 1 for sample label.4.4 Identification SealsIdentification seals should be of the single use type with unique number codes.4.5 Additional Equipment A portable pH meter is the preferred equipment for determination of pH of samples on site. The
44、pH test papers may be used when water samples are clear enough to yield accurate readings.5 Measurement and Sampling of Free Water5.1 Measuring and sampling are done in accordance with the procedures and equipment outlined in API MPMSChapters 3, 8, 17.1, 17.2, and 17.11.5.2 Free water can be measure
45、d and sampled during cargo inspection or at any other time during the voyage.6 Basic Sampling and On-site Testing Procedure6.1 Detection and measurement of free water are performed as described in Section 5.6.2 A letter of protest should be issued to the appropriate parties for any free water found
46、in cargo tanks prior to or after loading or prior to discharge per API MPMS Chapter 17.1.6.3 The procedure for sampling the free water is described in Section 5.3 API MPMS CHAPTER 17.36.3.1 Samples of free water should be taken when the free water level in any compartment is within the capabilities
47、of the appropriate sampling equipment.6.3.2 When the free water level in any compartment exceeds 1 ft (30 cm), additional spot samples shall be taken at a minimum of one-foot increments. The first sample should be taken near the oilwater interface, each subsequent sample from the next increment down
48、ward, and the final sample from the bottom of the compartment. This procedure minimizes any disturbance of the free water.6.3.3 Care should be exercised to obtain free water samples that are as free of petroleum as is practical.6.4 Locations from which water samples are to be taken should include (i
49、f applicable) but are not limited to the following:a) water in shore tanks, either before loading or after discharge (including rainwater on roof, if any);b) water drawn off shore tanks from water drain;c) lightering vessels;d) seawater surrounding vessel at level of sea suctions;e) ballast or deballast lines;f) underwater load lines or connecting hoses after being displaced into cargo tanks;g) any other potential source of water entering cargo before or during loading or discharge;h) vessel compartments before loading, after loading, before discharge, and after discharge;1) cargo tank
