1、复旦大学考博英语-5 及答案解析(总分：125.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：10，分数：5.00)1.Parents often faced the _ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.（分数：0.50）A.paradoxB.junctionC.premiseD.dilemma2.The de
2、signing of a satellite in the heavenly environment is _ an easy job.（分数：0.50）A.by all meansB.by any meansC.by every meansD.by no means3.While some bacteria are beneficial, others are _in that they cause disease.（分数：0.50）A.detrimentalB.prodigiousC.intrusiveD.mordant4.Jack _ to the manager for the mis
3、takes he had made.（分数：0.50）A.excusedB.pardonedC.forgaveD.apologized5.Her remarkable success as a rock star is partly due to her ability to _ the media.（分数：0.50）A.mandateB.meditateC.manifestD.manipulate6.He saw university as a community of scholars, where students were _ by teachers into an appreciat
4、ion of different philosophical approaches.（分数：0.50）A.extractedB.deductedC.inductedD.conducted7.Whenever a camera was pointed at her, Marilyn would instantly _ herself into a radiant star.（分数：0.50）A.transportB.transferC.transformD.transgress8.The rain looked as though it had _for the night.（分数：0.50）A
5、.set offB.set inC.set outD.set up9.He saw writers and artists as being important to the state for they could _ credibility on the regime.（分数：0.50）A.bestowB.embraceC.disperseD.undertake10.All parts of this machine are_, so that it is very simple to get replacements for them.（分数：0.50）A.specializedB.st
6、andardizedC.minimizedD.modernized二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A few minutes ago, walking back from lunch, I started to cross the street when I heard the sound of a coin dropping. It wasn“t much but, as I turned, my eyes caught the heads of several other people turn
7、ing, too. A woman dropped what appeared to be a dime. The tinkling sound of a coin dropping on pavement is an attention-getter. It can be nothing more than a penny. Whatever the coin is, no one ignores the sound of it. It got me thinking about sounds again. We are besieged by so many sounds that att
8、ract the most attention. People in New York City seldom turn to look when a fire engine, a police car or an ambulance comes screaming along the street. When I“m in New York, I“m a New Yorker. I don“t turn either. Like the natives, I hardly hear a siren there. At home in my little town in Connecticut
9、, it“s different. The distant ringing of a police car brings me to my feet if I“m in bed. It“s the quietest sounds that have the most effect on us, not the loudest. In the middle of the night, I can hear a dripping tap a hundred yards away though three closed doors. I“ve been hearing little creaking
10、 noises and sounds which my imagination turns into footsteps in the middle of the night for twenty-five years in our house. How come I never hear the sounds in the daytime? I“m quite clear in my mind what the good sounds are and what the bad sounds are. I“ve turned against whistling, for instance. I
11、 used to think of it as the mark of a happy worker but lately I“ve been associating the whistler with a nervous person making compulsive noises. The tapping, tapping, tapping of my typewriter as the keys hit the paper is a lovely sound to me. I often like the sound of what I write better than the lo
12、oks of it.（分数：10.00）(1).The sound of a coin dropping makes people _.（分数：2.00）A.think of moneyB.look at each otherC.pay attention to itD.stop crossing the street(2).People in New York _.（分数：2.00）A.don“t care about emergenciesB.are used to sirensC.are attracted by soundsD.don“t hear loud noises(3).How
13、 does the author relate to sounds at night?（分数：2.00）A.He imagines sounds that do not existB.He exaggerates quiet soundsC.He thinks taps should be turned offD.He believes it“s quiet at night(4).He dislikes whistling because _.（分数：2.00）A.he is tired of itB.he used to be happierC.it reminds him of tens
14、e peopleD.he doesn“t like workers(5).How does the writer feel about sounds in general?（分数：2.00）A.They make him feel at homeB.He thinks they should be ignoredC.He believes they are part of our livesD.He prefers silence to loud noises四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There are some that would argue that ho
15、spitals are no place for dogs, while they are wrong. At least according to new research reported at the American Heart Association“s Scientific Sessions 2005. For people hospitalized with advanced heart disease , it is better to have visitors than to lie quietly alone. But one type of visitor seems
16、to be especially beneficial, researchers reported on Tuesday. That visitor is a dog. In the first controlled study of the effects of pet therapy in a random sample of acute and critically ill heart patients, anxiety as measured on a standard rating scale dropped 24 percent for those visited by a dog
17、 and a human volunteer, by 10 percent for those visited by a volunteer alone and not at all for those with no visitors. Similar results were found in measures of heart and lung function. The senior author of the Pet Therapy Study, Kathie M. Cole, said 76 patients with heart failure, a condition that
18、 affects an estimated five million Americans, were randomly assigned one of the three visit types. The dogs, from 12 breeds, were screened for behavior and disease before participating in the study. “Some patients in the first group,“ Ms. Cole said, “began to smile and immediately engaged in convers
19、ation with dog and volunteer.“ “Their worries seemed to vanish from their faces,“ she said. The researchers examined the patients three times: right before the 12-minute visit, eight minutes into it and four minutes after it was over. Besides the anxiety measurement, researchers found, patients“ lev
20、els of epinephrine, a hormone the body makes when under stress, dropped 17 percent when visited by a person and a dog, and 2 percent when visited by only a person. Epinephrine levels rose an average of 7 percent in the unvisited group in the study, which was financed by the Pet Care Trust Foundation
21、, a nonprofit group. Pressure in the heart“s top left chamber dropped 10 percent after a visit by volunteer and dog. The same pressure rose 3 percent for those visited by a volunteer and 5 percent for the unvisited group. Pressure in the pulmonary artery dropped 5 percent during and after a visit by
22、 volunteer and dog, but rose in the other two groups. Ms. Cole recommended further studies to determine how long the benefits lasted. “Dogs are a great comfort,“ she said. “They make people happier, calmer and feel more loved. That is huge when you are scared and not feeling well.“（分数：10.00）(1).The
23、sentence “Similar results were found“ (Last sentence, Para. 1) means_.（分数：2.00）A.the measurement of patient“s heart and lung function drops when without visitorB.human volunteers only can“t provide help for the patient“s heart and lung functionC.patient“s heart and lung work more effectively when vi
24、sited by dog and volunteerD.none of the above(2).How can we know the heart patient is feeling better according to the study?（分数：2.00）A.When the anxiety measurement doesn“t changeB.When the patient“s level of epinephrine dropsC.When he expresses feelings of being loved by visitorsD.When he shows the
25、willingness to communicate with people(3).Which one is used by researchers to determine the benefit of having a dog visitor?（分数：2.00）A.Blood pressure measurementB.Happiness measurementC.Anxiety measurementD.Heart rhythm measurement(4).To which of the following statements would Ms. Cole most likely a
26、gree?（分数：2.00）A.Involve pet therapy into normal curesB.Feed pets in every familyC.Use the dogs in scientific researchD.Avoid patient“s encounter with dogs(5).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?（分数：2.00）A.People should provide moderate places for dogs in the hospitalsB
27、.The benefits of being with dogs for heart patients can“t last longC.Encountering dogs will cause the abnormal heart rate of patientsD.Study identifies that dog can be the heart patients“ best friend五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The rise of multinational corporations (跨国公司), global marketing, new c
28、ommunications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR. Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten ye
29、ars ago, for example, the world“s top five public relations agencies were American-owned. In 1991, only one was. The British in particular are becoming ore sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate (公司的) plann
30、ing activities, compared to about one-third of U. S. companies, It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR. Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowle
31、dge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts (相对应的人) in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall“s U. S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same per
32、centage conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language. Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas, their cou
33、nterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country. Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN(Cable News Network). Turner recently announced that the word “foreign“ would no longer be used on CNN
34、 news broadcasts. According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because _ .（分数：2.00）A.an unparalleled i
35、ncrease in the number of public relations companiesB.shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologiesC.the decreasing number of multinational corporations in the UD.increased efforts of other countries in public relations(2).London could soon replace New York as the center of PR be
36、cause _ .（分数：2.00）A.British companies are more ambitious than UB.British companies place more importance on PR than UC.British companies are heavily involved in planning activitiesD.four of the world“s top public relations agencies are British-owned(3).The word “provincial“ (Line 2, Para. 3) most pr
37、obably means “ _ “（分数：2.00）A.limited in outlookB.like people from the provincesC.rigid in thinkingD.interested in world financial affairs(4).We learn from the third paragraph that employees in the American PR industry _ .（分数：2.00）A.speak at least one foreign language fluentlyB.are ignorant about wor
38、ld geographyC.are not as sophisticated as their European counterpartsD.enjoy reading a great variety of English business publications(5).What lesson might the PR industry take from Ted Turner of CNN?（分数：2.00）A.American PR companies should be more internationally-mindedB.The American PR industry shou
39、ld develop global communications technologiesC.People working in PR should be more fluent in foreign languagesD.People involved in PR should avoid using the word “foreign“六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What if our society uses new-found technologies of “genetic engineering“ to interfere with the biol
40、ogical nature of human beings? Might that not be disastrous? What about cloning, for instance? Cloning is a term originally used in connection with nonsexual reproduction of plants and very simple animals. Now it is coming into use in connection with higher animals, since biologists are finding ways
41、 of starting with an individual cell of a grown animal and inducing it to multiply in the same way in the future. But is cloning a safe thing to unleash on society? Might it not be used for destructive purposes? For instance, might not some ruling group decide to clone their submissive, downtrodden
42、peasantry, and thus produce endless hordes of semi-robots who will slave to keep a few in luxury and who may even serve as endless ranks of soldiers designed to conquer the rest of the world? A dreadful thought, but an unnecessary fear. For one thing, there is no need to clone for the purpose. The o
43、rdinary method of reproduction produces all the human beings that are needed and as rapidly as is needed. Right now, the ordinary method is producing so many people as to put civilization in danger of imminent destruction. What more can cloning do? Secondly, unskilled semi-robots cannot be successfu
44、lly pitted against the skilled users of machine, either on farms, in factories or in armies. Any nation depending on downtrodden masses will find itself an easy mark for exploitation by a less populous but more skilled and versatile society. This has happened in the past often enough. But even if we
45、 forget about self-hordes, what about the cloning of a relatively few individuals? There are rich people who could afford the expense, or politicians who could have the influence for it, or the gifted who could undergo it by popular demand. There can be two of a particular banker or governor or scie
46、ntistor threeor a thousand. Might this not create a kind of privileged caste, who would reproduce themselves in greater and greater numbers, and who would gradually take over the world? Before we grow concerned about this, we must ask whether there will really be any great demand for cloning. Would
47、you want to be cloned? The new individual that is formed by your cell will have your genes and therefore your appearance and, possibly, talents, but he will not be you. The clone will be, at best, merely your identical twin. Identical twins share the same genetic pattern, but they each have their ow
48、n individuality and are separate persons. Cloning is not a pathway to immortality, then, because your consciousness does not survive in your clone, any more than it would in your identical twin if you had one. In fact, your clone would be far less than your identical twin. What shapes and forms a pe
49、rsonality is not genes alone, but all the environment to which it is exposed. Identical twins grow up in identical surroundings, in the same family, and under each other“s influence. A clone of yourself, perhaps thirty or forty years younger would grow up in a different world altogether and would be shaped by influences that would be sure to make him less and less like you as he grows older. He may even earn your jealousy. After all, you are old and he is young. You may once have been poor and stru
