1、大连外国语学院英语语言学真题 2008 年及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.“Language operates by rules“ is a fundamental view about language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_2.The features that define our human languages can be called DESIGN FEATURES.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_3.The bow-wow theory is a theory on the origin of language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_
2、4.Syntax refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_5.When the vocal folds are apart. The air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be voiced.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_6.The sound segments are grouped into consonant
3、s and vowels.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_7.Uvular is made with the back of the tongue and the uvula.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_8.Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphological resemblance.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_9.A syllable can be divided into two parts, the NUCLEUS and the CODA.（分数：1.00）
4、填空项 1:_10.Words are the most stable of all linguistic units in respect of their internal structure.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_11.Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_12.INVENTION is a form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word a
5、nd the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_13.In English, nouns have three casesnominative, accusative and genitive.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_14.According to Saussure, the relation between the Signified and the signifier is arbitrary.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_
6、15.Anaphor is used in a broad sense to include only reflexive like “myself“ and reciprocals like “each other“.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_16.The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of COMPOSITIONALIT
7、Y.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_17.When you use your own sentence with a meaning other than the conceptual, the meaning is sometimes referred to as speakers meaning, or contextual meaning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_18.Metonymy is a kind of figurative language which is usually classed as a type of synecdoche. It refers to us
8、ing the name of part of an object to talk about the whole thing, and vice versa, as the use of “hands“ in “We are short of hands“.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_19.AUTHORIAL STYLE looks closely at how linguistic choices help to construct textual meaning. When we examine it, we will need to examine linguistic choic
9、es which are intrinsically connected with meaning and effect on the reader.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_20.The structural syllabus does not have a strong linguistic basis. The aim of the structural syllabus is specifying the situations in which the target language is used.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_21.Arbitrariness of lang
10、uage makes it potentially creative, and C of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language, it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.The principle of A Creation can account for the co-existence of two form
11、s, regular and irregular, in the conjugation of some English verbs.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.The principle of R is defined as “Every act of ostensive communication communicates the presumption of its own optimal relevance“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24.V is the degree to which a test measures what it is meant to meas
12、ure.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.C Analysis in computational linguistics is concerned with describing the contents of documents in a form suitable for computer processing.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_26.C are two lines of verse, usually connected by a rhyme.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_27.By n is meant that a conversational implicatur
13、e is attached to the semantic content of what is said, not to the linguistic form.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_28.Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false. The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. They are called p .（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_29.The r
14、 theory is a theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to or stands for.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_30.Endocentric constructions may be divided into two subtypess and coordinate constructions.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_31.Which of the following statement is NOT true?A. Language is a mean
15、s of vocal communication.B. Language is instrumental.C. Language is social and conventional.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.32.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature?A. ArbitrarinessB. ConventionC. Duality（分数：1.00）A.B.C.33.The functions of language do NOT include _. A. informative functi
16、onB. interpersonal functionC. metacognitive function（分数：1.00）A.B.C.34.Which of the following is a main branch of linguistics?A. Macrolinguistics.B. Psycholinguistics.C. Sociolinguistics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.35.Saussure is closely connected with _.A. LangueB. CompetenceC. Etic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.36.The study of
17、physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with _. A. articulatory phoneticsB. acoustic phoneticsC. auditory phonetics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.37.The categories of consonant are NOT established on the basis of _. A. manners of articulationB. place of articulationC. narrow transc
18、ription（分数：1.00）A.B.C.38.Which of the following CANNOT be considered as minimal pair?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.39.Which of the following are NOT instances of ASSIMILATION?A. NasalizationB. DentalizationC. Variation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.40.In a syllable, a vowel often serves as _. A. Peak or NucleusB. OnsetC. Coda（分数：
19、1.00）A.B.C.41.In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into _. A. grammatical words and lexical wordsB. content words and lexical wordsC. grammatical words and function words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.42._ other than compounds may be divided into roots and affixes.A. Polymorphemic word
20、sB. Bound morphemesC. Free morphemes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.43.Which two terms can best describe the following pairs of words: tabletables, day+break daybreak.A. inflection and compoundB. compound and derivationC. inflection and derivation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.44.Which of the following is NOT a process of the lexic
21、al change?A. INVENTION.B. ACRONYM.C. LEXICON.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.45.The structural approach to the analysis of language is connected with _. A. THEME and RHEMEB. GOVERNMENT and BINDINGC. IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS（分数：1.00）A.B.C.46.Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leechs seven types of mea
22、ning?A. Connotative meaning.B. Denotative meaning.C. Conceptual meaning.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.47.There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation, opposite- ness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are represented by _ respectively.A. synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymyB.
23、 synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymyC. antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.48._ studies the internal structure of simple propositions.A. Predicate calculusB. Propositional calculusC. Sentential calculus（分数：1.00）A.B.C.49.According to Garrett, the errors that demonstrate forward planning in sp
24、eech production include all the following EXCEPT _.A. spoonerismB. anticipation errorC. grammatical error（分数：1.00）A.B.C.50.Four categories of Maxims in Grices Cooperative Principle include all the following EX- CEPT _.A. MannerB. RelationC. Qualification（分数：1.00）A.B.C.Colunm A Column B1)Fricative (a
25、)pork and sports2)Glottal (b)ball-balls3)Aspirated and unaspirated(c)“tea“ in English4)English syllable (d)(C)v(C)5)Chinese syllable (e)h6)Adjective compound (f)editor-edit7)Back-formation (g)(C)C)C)v(C)C)C)C)8)Broadening (h)thought-provoking9)Loanword (i)f10)inflectional affix (j)birdyoung birdany
26、kind of bird（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Column A Column B1)Horn (a)“father of modem linguistics“2)Malinowski (b)Systemic-functional Grammar3)Halliday (c)the Q-principle and the R-principle4)Hyme (d)a large body of machine-readable texts5)Saussure (
27、e)communicative competence6)computer corpus(f)correct grammatically but improper in a communicationalcontext7)mistake(g)“linguistic environment“ and “meaning as functions in thecontext of situation“8)syllabus (h)constructed by second or foreign language learners9)interlanguage (i)speakers meaning, c
28、ontextual meaning, or extra meaning10)illocutionary force (j)the planning of a course of instruction（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_51.Creativity（分数：5.00）_52.Cardinal Vowels（分数：5.00）_53.Semantic Triangle（分数：5.00）_54.Cohort Theory（分数：5.00）_55.CAL（分数：5.0
29、0）_56.Communicative Competence（分数：5.00）_57.Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects.（分数：8.00）_58.Illustrate “Immediate Constituent Analysis“.（分数：8.00）_59.Illustrate the significance of studying speech Sounds in linguistics.（分数：8.00）_60.Illu
30、strate the Q-and R-principles.（分数：8.00）_61.Illustrate at least four major linguistic views and their significance in language learning and teaching.（分数：8.00）_大连外国语学院英语语言学真题 2008 年答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.“Language operates by rules“ is a fundamental view about language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：T）解析
31、：解析 本题考查关于语言的一些基本看法。关于语言的基本看法有很多，如儿童学习母语非常迅速、有效，无需什么教育；语言依循一定的规律运行；语言在缓慢地变化；每个人都说一种方言等。2.The features that define our human languages can be called DESIGN FEATURES.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：T）解析：解析 本题考查语言的本质特征定义。决定了我们人类语言性质的特征被称为本质特征。如任意性、二重性、创造性和移位性等。3.The bow-wow theory is a theory on the origin of l
32、anguage.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：T）解析：解析 本题考查语言起源的理论。关于语言的起源，有一些著名的理论。如 bow-wow 理论，噗噗(pooh-pooh)理论和“哟-嗬-哟”理论等。4.Syntax refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：T）解析：解析 本题考查句法的定义。在语言学上，句法研究语言中词组合成句子的支配规则，或者简单地说，是研究句子的构造
33、。5.When the vocal folds are apart. The air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be voiced.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：解析 本题考查语音中的清、浊音。当声带分离时，空气容易通过，由此产生的语音叫做“清音”。当声带贴近时，气流使其产生震动，形成的声音称为“浊音”。6.The sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：T）解析：解
34、析 本题考查音段。在语音方面，音段可分成辅音和元音两类。7.Uvular is made with the back of the tongue and the uvula.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：T）解析：解析 本题考查小舌音。在语音方面，小舌音产生于舌后和小舌处。8.Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphological resemblance.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：解析 本题考查语音相近。语音相近是说一个音位的音位
35、变体语音上必须相似，对其形态并无要求。9.A syllable can be divided into two parts, the NUCLEUS and the CODA.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：解析 本题考查音节。音节可以分成两个部分，韵基(the rhyme)和节首(the onset)，韵基中的元音是核心(the nucleus)，它后面的辅音用术语韵尾(the coda)来表示。10.Words are the most stable of all linguistic units in respect of their internal struc
36、ture.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：T）解析：解析 本题考查词的稳定性。就其内部结构来说，跟句子层而成分相对的位置灵活性相比，词是所有语言单位中最稳定的，复合词的组成成分一般不能重新调整次序。11.Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：解析 本题考查自由语素。能单独出现也就是能独自成词的语素是自由语素。如 dog，nation 等是自由语素。12.INVENTION is a form of compounding, in which two words ar
37、e blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by joining the initial parts of the two words.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：解析 本题考查造词法中的混成法的定义。混成法是一种相对复杂的混合形式，由两个单词混合而成，一般是把第一个单词的开头部分和第二个单词的最后部分连接起来，或者是把两个单词的开头部分连接起来。13.In English, nouns have three cas
38、esnominative, accusative and genitive.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：解析 本题考查传统语法中的格。英语里，代词有三种格：主格、宾格和属格。但是名词只有两种格：普通格和属格。14.According to Saussure, the relation between the Signified and the signifier is arbitrary.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：T）解析：解析 本题考查索绪尔任意性的阐述。索绪尔认为语言是一个符号系统，每个符号由两个部分组成：所指(signifled)(概念)和
39、能指(signifier)(音响形象)。这两者之间的关系是任意的。15.Anaphor is used in a broad sense to include only reflexive like “myself“ and reciprocals like “each other“.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：解析 本题考查照应语的概念。照应语这个术语在约束理论中要作狭义的理解，只包括反身代词如 myself 和相互代词如 each other。16.The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the me
40、anings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of COMPOSITIONALITY.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：T）解析：解析 本题考查组合原则。句子意义通常由成分词的意义及其组合方式所决定的观点通常叫做组合原则。17.When you use your own sentence with a meaning other than the conceptual, the meaning is sometimes referred
41、to as speakers meaning, or contextual meaning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：T）解析：解析 本题考查语境意义。当使用的句子的意义并不是其概念意义时，这种意义有时称为“说话者意义”，“语句意义”或者“语境意义”。18.Metonymy is a kind of figurative language which is usually classed as a type of synecdoche. It refers to using the name of part of an object to talk about the wh
42、ole thing, and vice versa, as the use of “hands“ in “We are short of hands“.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：解析 本题考查提喻的概念。提喻通常被视为转喻的一种，是指用事物一部分的名称来指代整个事物，反之亦然。19.AUTHORIAL STYLE looks closely at how linguistic choices help to construct textual meaning. When we examine it, we will need to examine linguistic choices which are intrinsically connected with meaning and effect on the reader.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）解析：解析 本题考查文本
