1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-194 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.I cant give you_for the type of car you bell because theres no demand for it in the market.（分数：2.00）A.an expenseB.a purchaseC.a chargeD.an order2.The suspect_that he had assaulted a woman.（分数：2.00）A.refusedB.rejectedC.
2、henceD.deny3.I suggested he should_himself to his new condition.（分数：2.00）A.adaptB.adoptC.regulateD.suit4.This great project at the Three Gorges of the Yangtze is expected to_twenty years to complete.（分数：2.00）A.spendB.consumeC.needD.take5.On New Years Eve, New York City holds an outdoor_whieh attract
3、s a crowd of a million or more people.（分数：2.00）A.incidentB.eventC.caseD.affair6.Radios today seldom need_or the attention of a technician.（分数：2.00）A.to repairB.repairedC.repairingD.to have repaired7.A recent survey suggested that if money were not an issue, most mothers_not to work at all.A. should
4、prefer 13. prefer C. would prefer D. preferred（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.8.Protessor Wu traveled and lectured throughout the country to_education and professional skills so that women could enter the public world.（分数：2.00）A.prosecuteB.acquireC.advocateD.proclaim9.The manager was told when he was_, that his wa
5、s a pressure job.（分数：2.00）A.appointedB.pointedC.assignedD.disappointed10.“Since we are exchanging_, I too have a secret to reveal, “said Mary.（分数：2.00）A.transferencesB.transactionsC.confidencesD.promises二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For the past several years, the S
6、unday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn“. People are invited query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visu
7、al analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks, so it is a hit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the aver age Joe (whose IQ is 100) as. Whats the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the natu
8、re of luck and coincidence? Its not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test, Just what does it mean to be sm
9、art? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we earn about it from neurology, genetics, computer and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as alley used to be. The test comes primrily i
10、n two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and childrens version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate book stores and the World Wide Web. Superh
11、igh scores like vos Savants are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, Rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessmen: Test (SAT
12、)and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE),capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?“, Sternberg notes that tradition
13、al tests best assess analytica and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowl- edge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted le
14、adership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadershipthat is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to gue
15、ss or what questions to skip.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?（分数：2.00）A.Answering philosophical questions.B.Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.C.Telling the differences between certain concepts.D.Choosing words or graphs similar to the given o
16、nes.(2).What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.B.More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.C.The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.D.Scientists have
17、defined the important elements of human intelligenc(3).People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savants because.（分数：2.00）A.the scores are obtained through different computational proceduresB.creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized nowC.vos Savants case is an extr
18、eme one that will not repeatD.the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed(4).We can conclude from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.test scores may not be reliable indicators of ones abilityB.IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlatedC.testing involves a lot of guessworkD.traditional
19、tests are out of date(5).What is the authors attitude towards IQ tests?（分数：2.00）A.Supportive.B.Skeptical.C.Impartial.D.Biase四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)To paraphrase 18th century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing. One suc
20、h cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Lead
21、ers of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelly to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For examp
22、le, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have t
23、o say yes.“ Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.“ Such well-meaning people just dons understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way in human terms, not in the
24、language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new
25、 treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and ac quir
26、e a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as
27、 Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.（分数：10.00）(1).The author begins hi
28、s article with Edmund Burkes words to_（分数：2.00）A.call on scientists to take some actions.B.criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.C.warn of the doom of biomedical research.D.show the triumph of the animal rights movement.(2).Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is_（分数
29、：2.00）A.cruel but natural.B.inhuman and unacceptable.C.inevitable but vicious.D.pointless and wasteful.(3).The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public%（分数：2.00）A.discontent with animal research.B.ignorance about medical science.C.indifference to epidemics.D.anxiety about animal
30、 rights.(4).The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should_（分数：2.00）A.communicate more with the public.B.employ hi-tech means in research.C.feel no shame for their cause.D.strive to develop new cures.(5).From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper i
31、s_（分数：2.00）A.a well-known humanist.B.a medical practitioner.C.an enthusiast in animal rights.D.a supporter of animal researc五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has
32、a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human“, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Geo
33、rgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as wellThe researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterp
34、arts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services“ than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. dewaals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy
35、 enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of eucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in sepa rate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and m
36、uch preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the res
37、earcher or out of the chamber, or refused to; accept the slice of cu cumber indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by soc
38、ial emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these fe
39、elings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening para
40、graph, the author introduces his topic by_（分数：2.00）A.posing a contrast.B.justifying an assumption.C.making a comparison.D.explaining a phenomenon.(2).The statement “it is all too monkey“ (last line, Paragraph 1) implies that_（分数：2.00）A.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B.resenting unfairness
41、 is also monkeys nature.C.monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.D.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.(3).Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are_（分数：2.00）A.more inclined to weigh what they get.B.attentive to researcher
42、s instructions.C.nice in both appearance and temperament.D.more generous than their male companions(4).Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys_（分数：2.00）A.prefer grapes to cucumbers.B.can be taught to exchange things.C.will not be co-operative ii feeling chea
43、ted.D.are unhappy when separated from others.(5).What can we infer from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D.Cooperation among monkeys remains s
44、table only in the wil六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：10.00)While it is true that Americans believe climbing the educational ladder leads to success, they are less certain that intellectual achievement is the only important factor leading to success. A competitive personality is seen as important to success,
45、 especially in men. The development of social and political skills is also considered to be very important.To help Americans develop these other important skills, schools have added a large number of extracurricular (课程) activities to daily life at school. This is especially true of high schools and
46、 colleges and ex tends down into elementary schools as well.Athletics, frequently called “competitive sports,“ are perhaps the most important of these activities. Football, basketball, and baseball teams are seen as very important in teaching students, particularly boys, the “winning spirit“. At tim
47、es, athletic teams seem to become more important to some students and their parents than the academic programs offered by the schools.（分数：10.00）(1).Americans believe that education is_.（分数：2.00）A.the only way to successB.the main purpose of the schoolsC.just like climbing laddersD.important to succe
48、ss(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as important to success?A. Intellectual achievement. B. Competitive personality.C, Social backgrounds. D. Sodal and political skills.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A variety o extracurricular activities are added in American schools_.（分数：2.00）A.to help students cl
49、imb the education ladderB.to enrich students dull life at schoolC.to help students become more successful in later lifeD.to extend college education down into elementary schools(4).Athletic activities are designed_.（分数：2.00）A.to make boys strongerB.to teach students winning spiritC.to develop students social and political skillsD.to improve the academic programs(5).Which of the following can be the best title for this passage.?（分数：2.00）A.Education and
