1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-21 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The last half of the nineteenth century _ the steady improvement in the means of travel.（分数：2.00）A.has witnessedB.was witnessedC.witnessedD.is witnessed2.He gives people the impression _ all his life abroad.（分数：2.00）A.of ha
2、ving spentB.to have spentC.of being spentD.to spend3.The girl will not become a nurse because she will faint at the _ of blood.（分数：2.00）A.visionB.eyesC.sightD.view4.Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon.（分数：2.00）A.there being a chanceB.there to be a chanceC.there be a chanceD.bei
3、ng a chance5.After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute _.（分数：2.00）A.being settledB.to be settledC.had settledD.as settled6.The relationship between employers and employees has been studied _.（分数：2.00）A.originallyB.extremelyC.violentlyD.intensively7.Frequently single-pare
4、nt children _ some of the functions that the absent adult in the house would have served.（分数：2.00）A.take offB.take afterC.take inD.take on8.As a result of careless washing the jacket _ to a childs size.（分数：2.00）A.compressedB.shrankC.droppedD.decreased9.Hes only got one shirt because all the rest _ b
5、eing washed.（分数：2.00）A.is to beB.isC.will beD.are10.Over a third of the population was estimated to have no _ to the health service.（分数：2.00）A.assessmentB.assignmentC.exceptionD.access二、BPart Reading (总题数：4，分数：40.00)B11-15/BIt is hard to track the blue whale, the oceans largest creature, which has a
6、lmost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of the Navy they were abl
7、e to track a particular blue whale for 33 days monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navys formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans.Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold w
8、ar as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruptio
9、n (爆发) for the first time and that they plan similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures.The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second-slower than through land but faster than through
10、 air. What is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope (听诊器) does when it carries faint noises from a patients chest to a doctors ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, es
11、pecially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage is chiefly about _.（分数：2.00）A.an effort to protect an endangered marine speciesB.the civilian use of a military detection system C.the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weaponD.a new way to look into the beha
12、vior of blue whales(2).The underwater listening system was originally designed _.（分数：2.00）A.to trace and locate enemy vesselsB.to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptionsC.to study the movement of ocean currentsD.to replace the global radio communications network(3).The deep-sea listening system makes us
13、e of _.（分数：2.00）A.the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under waterB.the capability of sound to travel at high speedC.the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting soundD.low-frequency sounds travelling across different layers of water(4).It can be inferred from the passage
14、that _.（分数：2.00）A.new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whalesB.blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening systemC.opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technologyD.military technology has grea
15、t potential in civilian use(5).Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network?（分数：2.00）A.It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.B.It has been replaced by a more advanced system.C.It became useless to the military after the cold war.D.It is indispensable i
16、n protecting endangered species.B16-20/BPresident Coolidges statement, “The business of America is business,“ still points to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business
17、 institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institution
18、s are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly (垄断) of power. In co
19、ntrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers d
20、ollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government
21、 leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity.Competition is see
22、n as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of
23、opportunity rather than the aristocratic (贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.（分数：10.00）(1).The statement “The business of America is business“ probably means “_“.（分数：2.00）A.The business institutions in America are concerned withB.Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC.Bu
24、siness is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business(2).Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only _.（分数：2.00）A.when given equality of opportunityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their individual freedomD.by way of competition(3).Who ca
25、n benefit from business competition?（分数：2.00）A.Honest businessmenB.Both businessmen and their customersC.People with ideals of equality and freedomD.Both business institutions and government(4).Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by _.（分数：2.0
26、0）A.its absolute control of powerB.its function in preserving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leadership(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _.（分数：2.00）A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other cou
27、ntriesB.in many countries success often depends on ones social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in AmericaB21-25/BNot too many decades ago it seemed “obvious“ both to the general public and to
28、 sociologists that modern society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obviousn
29、ess“ is not tree. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of y
30、our neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than
31、big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to dis
32、play psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If nei
33、ghbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, s
34、ociologists have found that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广者的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vo
35、te for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements b
36、est describes the organization of the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Two contrasting views are presented.B.An argument is examined and possible solutions given.C.Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.D.A detailed description of the difference between urban
37、and small-town life is given.(2).According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents _.（分数：2.00）A.did not have the same interests as their neighborsB.could not develop lone-standing relationshipsC.tended to be associated with bad behaviorD.usually had more friends(3).One of th
38、e consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors _.（分数：2.00）A.disrupt peoples natural relationsB.make them worry about crimeC.cause them not to show concern for one anotherD.cause them to be suspicious of each other(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger
39、a community is, _.（分数：2.00）A.the better its quality of lifeB.the more similar its interestsC.the more tolerant and open-minded it isD.the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between
40、urbanites and small-town dwellers.B.Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.C.The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.D.The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.B26-30/BAccording to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000
41、students, todays traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic(利他主义的)“than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the students major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philo
42、sophy of life“. It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic“ fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.Thats no surpris
43、e either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job-even before she completed her two-year associate degree.While its true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has a
44、ccumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions-be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps,
45、 education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no j0b. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument f
46、or a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,“ he says, “could you
47、 please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?“From the long-term point of view, thats what education really ought to be about.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the authors observation, college students _.（分数：2.00）A.have never been so materialistic as todayB.have never been so interested in
48、the artsC.have never been so financially well off as todayD.have never attached so much importance to mutual sense(2).The students criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _.（分数：2.00）A.the influences of their instructorsB.the financial goals they seek in lifeC.their own interpretatio
49、ns of the coursesD.their understanding of the contributions of others(3).By saying “While its true that., be they scientific or artistic“ (Lines 13, Para. 5),the author means that _.（分数：2.00）A.business management should be included in educational programsB.human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC.human intellectual development has reached new heightsD.the importance of a broad educatio
