1、考博英语-660 及答案解析(总分：81.25，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：24.25)1.We were discussing the housing problem when a middle-aged man cut in and said, “Theres no point in talking about impossibilities.“A. intersect B. interject C. penetrate D. adulterate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.On New Years Eve, New York C
2、ity holds an outdoor_which attracts a crowd of a million or more people.A. incident B. event C. case D. affair（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Thomas Wolfe portrayed people so that you came to know their yearnings, their impulses, and their warts-this was effective _.A. motivation B. point of view C. characteriza
3、tion D. background（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything _ going on in the world.A. it is B. there isC. as is D. what is（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Proper clothes _ for much in business. Thats why you see most business People dress formally.A. count B. account
4、 C. allow D. care（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.The prizes will be _ at the end of the school year.A. distributed B. attributedC. granted D. contributed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.His strange behavior confirmed his neighbors in their_ that he was guilty.A. suspicion B. doubt C. estimate D. imagination（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.
5、It is not considered _ to pick ones teeth in public.A. respectful B. respected C. respectable D. respective（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The leader of the expedition _ everyone to follow his example.A promoted B reinforced C sparked D inspired（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10._ recent brain and behavioral research, Dr. Gole
6、man wrote a fascinating book entitled “Emotional Intelligence.“A. Drawing up B. Drawing on C. Putting up D. Putting on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The _ question in this case is whether the accused had a motive for this crime or not.A. crucial B. forcible C. supreme D. valuable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.These goods
7、 are _ for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market.A. essentially B. completely C. necessarily D. remarkably（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.Complacency towards ecological balance (“It cant happen here!“) has resulted in a number of _.A. damages B. wastes C. catastrophes D. dangers（分数：1.00）A.
8、B.C.D.14.Since Xerox couldnt work smoothly, he assumed that someone had _ with it.A. scampered B. pampered C. hampered D. tampered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.I said that I could not commit myself as my academic time was not yet finished, but I would like to be at their _ later.Adisposal Bguidance Cassistanc
9、e Dsupervision（分数：0.25）A.B.C.D.16.Never has a scientific explanation emerged _ someone somewhere has objected to it.A. that B. which C. whom D. but（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.After being defeated they submitted to the enemy.A. surrendered B. succeeded C. stressed D. submerged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.He did not l
10、ike abstract painting (at all), so (the more) he looked at the drawings (exhibited) in the art gallery, (the little) he liked them.A. at all B. the more C. exhibited D. the little（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Experience leads me to think that it is not always good to get _ with strangers.A. tolerant B. confid
11、ential C. enthusiastic D. agreeable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Huxley is _ optimistic for the future of either man or plant on this planet.A. anything but B. nothing but C. above all D. rather than（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.The_ in my sons clothes are beginning to come apart.A. seams B. beams C. rims D. segments（分
12、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.Although the economy seemed, after a few tense months, to _ the storm without serious long-term damage, the banks were hit hard.A. wipe out B. rub out C. sniff out D. ride out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.23.The folk art rubric has also been extended to include all manner of traditional artisti
13、c productions, even the self-consciously quaint.A. conservative B. mysterious C. original D. unusual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.I would never have _ a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.A. sought for B. accounted for C. turned up D. resorted to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.Already the class is _ about who our
14、new teacher will be.A foreseeing B contemplating C speculating D fabricating（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.Could you please give me a hand? Lets _ the bookcase into place.A. shoot B. shove C. contain D. indicate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.He was a member of the Hillary _ that conquered Mount Everest.A. mission B. inva
15、sion C. experiment D. expedition（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.28.The once separate issue of environment and development are now _ linked.A. intangible B. indispensable C. inextricably D. incredibly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Publishers are using a blitz of advertising, Web sites, as well as traditional methods to _for e
16、lusive teens market.A. angle B. allow C. budget D. care（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.30.Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting each other.A. hardly active B. relatively activeC. extremely inactive D. pathologically active（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
17、二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Let us assume, for the moment, that labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or otherwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor w
18、hich is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labor? Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the exi
19、sting money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of the latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labor is for a minimum money-wage and not for a minimum real wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this
20、 would involve no significant change in their theory. But this is not so. For if the supply of labor is not a function of real wages as its sole variable, their argument breaks down entirely and leaves the question of what the actual employment will be quite indeterminate. They do not seem to have r
21、ealized that. Unless the supply of labor is a function of real wages alone, their supply curve for labor will shift bodily with every movement of prices. Thus their method is tied up with their very special assumptions, and cannot be accepted to deal with the more general case.Now ordinary experienc
22、e tells us, beyond doubt, that a situation where labor stipulates (within limits) for a money-wage rather than a real wage, so far from being a mere possibility, is the normal case. Whilst workers will usually resist a reduction of money-wages, it is not their practice to withdraw their labor whenev
23、er there is a rise in the price of wage-goods. It is sometimes said that it would be illogical for labor to resist a reduction of money-wages but not to resist a reduction of real wages. For reasons given below, this might not be so illogical as it appears at first; and, as we shall see later, fortu
24、nately so. But, whether logical or illogical, experience shows that this is how labor in fact behaves.Moreover, the contention that the unemployment which characterizes a depression is due to a refusal by labor to accept a reduction of money-wages is not clearly supported by the facts. It is not ver
25、y plausible to assert that unemployment in the United States in 1932 was due either to labor obstinately refusing to accept a reduction of money-wages or to its obstinately demanding a real wage beyond what the productivity of the economic machine was capable of furnishing. Wide variations are exper
26、ienced in the volume of employment without any apparent change either in the minimum real demands of labor or in its productivity. Labor is not more truculent in the depression than in the boom far from it. Nor is its physical productivity less. These facts from experience are a prima facie ground f
27、or questioning the adequacy of the classical analysis.（分数：6.00）(1).“Labor is not prepared m work for a lower money-wage“. The sentence means _.A. a fall in the value of the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of laborB. a rise in the price of wage-goods would lead to a withdrawal of labor
28、C. the demand of labor is for a rise of existing money-wageD. the demand of labor is for reduction in the value of real wages（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The classical school refers to _.A. those scholars with traditional ideas B. the traditional schoolC. the experts who hold to the standard D. all of the a
29、bove（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the author, the supply curve fop labor depends on the _.A. real money wages B. movement of priceC. function of money-wages D. both A and B（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).“Their“ method cannot be adapted to deal with the more general case because they have not realize that
30、_.A. a fail in the value of real wages would lead to a withdrawal of the labor from market of labor.B. a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead to a withdrawal from the laborC. the supply of labor is not a function of real wagesD. the demand of labor is only for a minimum money-wa
31、ges（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).How does labor usually behave?A. Labor would stipulate for money-wages.B. Labor would violently resist a reduction of real wages.C. Labor would strenuously resist a reduction of both money-wages and real wagesD. Labor would stipulate for real wages.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The la
32、st paragraph of this passage indicates that _.A. labor resisted a reduction of money-wages, which characterized the depression of the 1930s in the U.SB. labor demanded a real wage, which characterized the depression of 1930s in the U.SC. neither labor refusing to work for a lower money-wage nor dema
33、nding a real wage characterize the depression of 1930s in the U.S.D. both A and B（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employergovernment or privateshould have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. How
34、ever, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of govern
35、ment and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on womens earnings as compared with their earnings from private employ
36、ment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things bei
37、ng equal.In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown
38、selected a large sample of white male and female workers from the 1970 census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial dis
39、parities.) Browns research design controlled for education, labor-force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations of the studys results. Browns results suggest that men and women are not treated the came by employers and consumers. For men, self
40、-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed.One can infer from Browns results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in gettin
41、g good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.Browns results are clearly consistent with Fuchs argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers
42、. Also, the fact the women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating against women. The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating aga
43、inst women, its discriminating is not having as much effect on womens earnings as is discrimination in the private sector.（分数：5.00）(1).The passage mentions all of the following difficulties that self-employed women may encounter EXCEPT _.A. discrimination from consumers and suppliersB. discriminatio
44、n from financial institutionsC. problems from financial institutionsD. problems in obtaining government assistance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following conclusions would the author be most likely to agree with about discrimination against women by private employers and by government employers?
45、A. Both private employers and government employers discriminate with equal effects on womens earnings.B. Both private employers and government employers discriminate, but the discrimination by private employers has a greater effect on womens earnings.C. Both private employers and government employer
46、s discriminate, but the discrimination by government employers has a greater effect on womens earnings.D. Private employers discriminate: it is possible that government employers discriminate.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A study of the practices of financial institutions revealed that no discrimination agai
47、nst self-employed women would tend to contradict.A. some tentative results of Fuchs study B. some explicit results of Browns studyC. a suggestion made by the author D. Fuchs hypothesis（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Browns study, womens earnings categories occur in orders, from highest earnings to
48、 lowest earnings:A. government employment, self-employment, private employmentB. government employment, private employment, self-employmentC. private employment, self-employment, government employmentD. private employment, government, self-employment（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following titles
49、 best describes the content of the passage as a whole?A. Why Discrimination Against Employed Women by Government Employers and Private Employers Differs from Discrimination Against Self-Employed Women by Consumers?B. How Discrimination Affects Womens Choice of Type of Employment?C. The Relative Effect of Private Employer Discrimination on Mens Earnings as Compared to Womens EarningsD. T
