1、考博英语-661 及答案解析(总分：70.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：25.00)1.The presence of armed guards _ us from doing anything disruptive.A. defeated B. irritated C. prevented D. encouraged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.John was surprised to _ Matthew at the football game.A. bump into B. drop in at C. come on D.
2、see off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.She never _ to read the news but turned at once to the crossword on the last page.A. indulged B. troubled C. exerted D. frustrated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.He _ to his customers and halved the price.A leaked B drew C quoted D yielded（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.Shes beginning to recover now
3、 and taking a little _.A nourishment B diet C nourishing D feeding（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.Its a simple bed with a basic metal frame but at the head on the right there is a leather _for restraining the victims.A. strip B. strap C. stripe D. slit（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Mr. White brought a countercharge against
4、you because you had_ him for smuggling several pieces of antiques and cultural relics.A. charged B. indicted C. accused D. prosecuted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.The combination of lenses in a compound microscope makes possible greater amplification than can be achieved with a single lens.A. management B. mag
5、nificence C. magnetism D. magnification（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Some readers may find it _ that a book arguing for greater literacy and intellectual discipline should lead to a call for less rather than more education.A. appealing B. controversial C. paradoxical D. ambiguous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.When travel
6、ling, you are advised to take travellers checks, which provide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash.A. substitute B. selection C. preference D. alternative（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.You were _ by your absence yesterday.A. merciful B. conscientious C. conspicuous D. impartial（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.It is v
7、ery plain that such a life as this is far more _ to health than that of the man who can afford little leisure for necessary rest in the course of the day.A. conductive B. constructive C. conciliate D. conducive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The federal court has been putting pressure on the state to adhere to
8、the population caps in the decree.A. encounter B. stick to C. prepare D. anticipate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The news you told me the other day has yet to be _ .A. affirmed B. informed C. conformed D. confirmed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.In the_of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to
9、 30 million.A. face B. time C. event D. course（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.It is (raining hard) outside. (Haven t) you (taken) an umbrella (with you)?A. raining hard B. Haven t C. taken D. with you（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Had the explosion broken out, the passengers in the plane should have been killed, for it wa
10、s _ timed with the planes take-off.A. spontaneously B. instantaneously C. simultaneously D. conscientiously（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.The negotiations which _ the signing of the treaty took place over a number of years.A) preceded B) prescribed C) proceeded D) processed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Composed of song,
11、 dance, and personal invective, the old comedy plays also include outspoken political criticism and comment on literary and philosophical topics.A. comical B. witty C. satirical D. frank（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.They have always regarded a man of _ and fairness as a reliable friend.A robustness B temperam
12、ent C integrity D compactness（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.The pursuit was _ when it was clear that we had won the day.A. called for B. called forth C. called off D. called up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.22.The two astronauts have splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, only five miles from the aircraft carrier that was_ for
13、 the recovery mission.A. detach B. dispatched C. devote D. dismantled（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.I got a new battery for my recorder only last week, but it seems to have _ already.A. worn out B. run down C. knocked off D. gone off（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.Although Darwinism was a profoundly _ world view, it was e
14、ssentially passive, since it prescribed no steps to be taken, no victories over nature to be celebrated, no program of triumphs to be successively gained.A. limited B. debatable C. innovative D. paradoxical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.People thought: Hey, eat a carp and you will be taking in (what) it is tha
15、t gives you these (fish) their long (life-span). Of course, it (hasnt done) a lot of good for these carp.A. what B. fish C. life-span D. hasnt done（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.He is a hypocrite, a liar, a thief_, he is the greatest devil I ever know.A. as a consequence B. as a rule C. as a matter of fact D.
16、as a matter of routine（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.It has long been known that total sleep_is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal.A. deposition B. destruction C. deprivation D. reduction（分数：1.00）_28.Strict sanitary procedures formulated by o
17、ur municipal government help to out-breaks of diseases.A. preview B. forestall C. ignite D. fluctuate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.I said that I could not commit myself as my academic time was not yet finished, but I would like to be at their _ later.A. disposal B. guidance C. assistance D. supervision（分数：1.0
18、0）A.B.C.D.30.For ten years the problem about the water has not been solved, we came to think that it has been a _ problem in this area.A. perpetual B. persuasiveC. picturesque D. possessive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)For reasons yet to be fully und
19、erstood, one out of ten human beings in the world is left-handed, and from one generation to the next, this ratio is roughly preserved. As we know, left-handedness cuts across socioeconomic, ethnic, and gender lines. Yet throughout history prominent figures in scienceto say nothing of religionhave i
20、dentified in left-handedness signs of viciousness or worse. In 1903, Italian physician Cesare Lombroso identified left-handedness as one of the degeneracy signs of the born criminals. Three years later, Dr. Wilhelm Fliess suggested that left-handedness was a reliable identification of homosexuality.
21、 And in 1937 British psychologist Cyril Burt declared left-handedness to be a mark of an ill-organized nervous system.As demonstrated by all the “therapeutic“ coercion that left-handed children were subjected to during the first half of the 20th century, these biases had more than just a theoretical
22、 impact. Yet even when this gauche predilection was being discouraged, handism was certainly never taken as seriously as racism or sexism now is. Perhaps its the arbitrary nature of the trait that has militated against meaningful discrimination. After all, even when both parents are right-handed, th
23、ere is still a 10 percent chance that they will bring a left-handed baby into the world. Moreover, a white baby born in Scaresdale is just as likely to be left-handed as a black baby in Harlem. Hence when the left-handed George Bush became President of the United States, it was hardly interpreted as
24、 a blow against prejudice. Nor was much attention paid to the fact that Ronald Reagan and Gerald Ford were also southpaws.（分数：6.00）(1).Left-handedness is _.A. a thing that is cultivatedB. a thing that occurs by pure chanceC. a thing of genetic inheritanceD. a thing that occurs more in prominent figu
25、res（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, left-handedness _.A. is discouraged but not discriminated againstB. has caused discrimination as serious as sexism and racismC. is a subject that has drawn more and more attentionD. is an advantage in running for public office（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).The
26、 word “handism“ in Line 3 Paragraph 2 most probably means _.A. being skillful with ones handsB. quality of being convenientC. discrimination against left-handed peopleD. encouragement to use both hands instead of one（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “southpaws“ at the end of the passage means _.A. a box
27、er from the southB. a politician from a southern stateC. a person with extraordinarily large handsD. a left-handed person（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).Judging from the context, Scarsdale is a place inhabited by _.A. white people B. black people C. mixed races D. rich people（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：
28、1，分数：6.00)The law of private international tribunals with respect to conflicts of interest of arbitrators is quite extensive, albeit by no means uniform. It relates both to what will disqualify an arbitrator and to what the arbitrator must disclose during the selection process. Most national legal s
29、ystems have statutory roles as to the types of interests, relationships, and experiences that disqualify an arbitrator. Not infrequently, the disqualifying factors are identical for arbitrators and judges, although they may treat domestic and international arbitration somewhat differently, and may i
30、ndeed supplement the international roles with additional features. A closer look reveals that courts and arbitration agencies tend to apply the regulations relatively lightly, recognizing that arbitrators move in the highly interconnected world of affairs, and do not stand aloof from commerce as jud
31、ges do. Accordingly, acquaintanceship with the parties and their counsel does not suffice to disqualify, whereas actual business or legal connections will. Inasmuch as judges do not seek more work, although arbitrators generally do, suspicions arise that an arbitrators favor may incline to the party
32、 or counsel who has in the past and may again in the future provide employment.The uncertainty in the field is at its most troubling when arbitrators are party-appointed. Some argue that such arbitrators should fulfill the same functions and satisfy the same qualifications as third-party arbitrators
33、, others dispute any real claim to objectivity. The latter view has had considerable currency, particularly in the United States, where courts and drafters of state laws regard such advocates as pawns of the appointers. Imposing standards of neutrality, and disinterestedness on them would be futile.
34、It follows from this dichotomy between party-appointed and non-party-appointed arbitrators that opinion on the question of their nationality is also split. A party needs to be expected to choose a fellow national. This question of nationality is acute when one party to the arbitration is a governmen
35、tal agency and one or more of the arbitrators are likewise nationals; a foreign enterprise contract calling for such arbitration may be foolhardy.The slate is largely blank with respect to roles for the conduct of arbitrators outside the field of conflict of interests. Considering only the matter of
36、 exparte communications, American case law is astonishing lax, refusing to set aside awards where such communication obtained between an arbitrator and a party without the presence of the other party, thereby violating evidentiary rules requiring the attendance of both parties. The differences in vi
37、ews on this topic indicate how useful a set of guidelines might be.（分数：6.00）(1).The best title for this passage is _.A. International Arbitrators: Causes and SolutionsB. Arbitrators: Causes and SolutionsC. Arbitrators: Problems in PracticeD. International Arbitrators and Conflicts of Interests（分数：1.
38、00）A.B.C.D.(2).The expression “They may treat“ refers to _.A. arbitrators and judges B. national legal systemsC. experiences D. disqualifying factors（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Courts and agencies _.A. do not apply their regulations strictlyB. often consider arbitrators as judgesC. understand the general r
39、elationship between businesses and arbitratorsD. may be described by all of the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A third-party arbitrator is one who is chosen _.A. to supplement the two arbitrators chosen by the contending sidesB. to reach a final decision after the two arbitrators have submitted their dec
40、isionC. by someone not involved in the matter in disputeD. as a pawn of the appointers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A foreign enterprise contract is a bad idea _.A. in all casesB. when each partner picks an arbitratorC. when third party arbitrators are involvedD. when a government agency is one side of the c
41、ontract（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).“Exparte communications“ refers to _.A. something that cannot be determined by the textB. all parties being present when matters involving them are discussedC. the requirement to set aside a decisionD. impartiality（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Psychologi
42、st George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out Whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate.“ Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests.In the fi
43、rst test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well.The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of
44、 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters was transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, bu
45、t deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette
46、just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.“As our tests became more complex,“ sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins.“ He predicts, “smok
47、ers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity./（分数：10.00）(1).The purpose of George Spilichs experiment is _.A. to test whether smoking has
48、a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokersB. to show how smoking damages peoples mental capacityC. to prove that smoking affects peoples regular performanceD. to find out whether smoking helps peoples short-term memory（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).George Spilichs experiment was conducted in such a way as to _.A. compel the subjects to separate major information from minor detailsB. put the subjects through increasingly complex testsC. check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokersD. register the prompt responses of the subjects（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “bested, (Line
