1、考博英语模拟试卷 104及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Communicating orally involves more than reading or talking: gesture, posture, movements may all be _ to it. （ A） intrinsic （ B） coherent （ C） appealing （ D） submissive 2 He did not tell his parents because he knew they would try to change his mind but
2、 he _ in a colleague at work. （ A） involved （ B） joined （ C） engrossed （ D） confided 3 In no _ should you do this, without help and advice from your doctorrestricting the diet of small children can be very dangerous. （ A） perspectives （ B） restrictions （ C） circumstances （ D） consequences 4 The idea
3、 was just beginning to _ in America and we knew that it was going to become the way that retailing companies were run. （ A） show up （ B） catch on （ C） open out （ D） get by 5 Without Bobs testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and _ in the case will be impossible. （ A） verdict （ B） sentence （ C） c
4、onviction （ D） acquittal 6 Pupils often want to sit next to their particular friend and many classroom activities involve moving about, but even relatively small alterations can make _ to the visual comfort of pupils with sight defects. （ A） a difference （ B） an interference （ C） a modification （ D）
5、 an impact 7 Most of them had visited the invalid often during the past few months, marveling at his _ spirit and his unfailing good temper. （ A） variant （ B） gallant （ C） pertinent （ D） solitary 8 Individuals may at various points in their lives experience discrimination in the allocation of resour
6、ces either _ of being too old or too young. （ A） at the risk （ B） to the point （ C） in the case （ D） on the ground 9 When a system is unjust to the _, abolition, not reform, is what respect for justice demands. （ A） end （ B） excess （ C） core （ D） bottom 10 The custom is _ in the belief that a new pr
7、egnancy through its detrimental effect on breastfeeding would endanger the mothers health. （ A） celebrated （ B） observed （ C） viewed （ D） presented 11 But, in our enthusiasm to discover our heritage, we are ruining the very scenery we go to enjoy, damaging natural habitats, _ down footpaths, disturb
8、ing wildlife, polluting the air and dropping litter. （ A） wearing （ B） treading （ C） failing （ D） cutting 12 Any person who is in _ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty. （ A） jeopardy （ B） custody （ C） suspicion （ D） probation 13 Now, dont tell anyone else wh
9、at Ive just told you. Remember, its _. （ A） controversial （ B） secretive （ C） confidential （ D） sacred 14 The Freedom of Information Act gives private citizen _ government files. （ A） release from （ B） excess of （ C） redress of （ D） access to 15 The oil price rise reactivated the boom in commodity p
10、rices and _ inflation, which reached an annual rate of 15 per cent in the spring of 1974. （ A） boosted （ B） harnessed （ C） staggered （ D） embarked 16 Did he really expect her to smile now and _ with his plans, treat all this deception as no more than an unusual diversion? （ A） fall in （ B） put off （
11、 C） agree to （ D） stand up 17 The Commission found instances where police officers had lied under oath, _ evidence, neglected black prisoners and wrongly imprisoned Aborigines. （ A） entailed （ B） fabricated （ C） cleansed （ D） precluded 18 She _ the words, not knowing what to say, how to put into pla
12、in speech her decision to finish their love. （ A） passed onto （ B） stumbled over （ C） burst out （ D） dropped down 19 The ink has faded with time and so parts of the letter were _. （ A） illegible （ B） indelible （ C） illegitimate （ D） inscrutable 20 The bishop preached a farewell sermon to a _ that fi
13、lled the church to overflowing. （ A） procession （ B） reunion （ C） rally （ D） congregation 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 We are told that the mass media are the greatest organs for enlightenment that the world has yet seen; that in Britain, for instance, several million people see each issue of the cur
14、rent affairs program. Panorama. It is true that never in human history were so many people so often and so much exposed to many intimations about societies, forms of life, attitudes other than those which they obtain in their local societies. This kind of exposure may well be a point of departure fo
15、r acquiring certain important intellectual and imaginative qualities; width of judgment, a sense of the variety of possible attitudes. Yet in itself such exposure does not bring intellectual or imaginative development. It is no more than the masses of stone which lie around in quarry (采石场 ) and whic
16、h may, conceivably, go to the making of a cathedral. The mass media cannot build the cathedral, and their way of showing the stone does not always prompt others to build. For the stones are presented within a self-contained and self-sufficient world in which, it is implied, simply to look at them, t
17、o observe fleetingly individually interesting points of difference between them, is sufficient in itself. Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to or feel we should try to make decisions, as citizens or as private individuals. But neither the real difficulty of these decisions, nor their
18、true and disturbing challenge to each individual, can often be communicated through the mass media. The disinclination to suggest real choice, individual decision, which is to be found in the mass media, is not simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the customers happy. It is within the g
19、rain of mass communication. The organs of establishment, however well-intentioned they may be and whatever their form (the State, the Church, voluntary societies, political parties), have a vested interest (既得利益 ) in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked; and will so affect those who
20、 work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production which, though they go through the motions of dispute and inquiry, do not break through the skin to where such inquiries might really hurt. They will tend to move, when exposing problems, well within the accepted
21、 cliche assumptions of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these cliches nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life. They will stress the “stimulation“ the programs give, but this soon becomes an agitation of problems for the sake of the
22、interest of that agitation in itself; they will therefore, again, assist a form of acceptance of the status quo. There are except, ions to this tendency, but they are uncharacteristic. 21 According to the passage, the mass media present us with _. （ A） insufficient diversity of information （ B） too
23、restricted a view of life （ C） a wide range of facts and opinions （ D） a critical assessment of our society 22 What effect is it claimed the mass media can have on our intellectual and imaginative development? （ A） They are likely to frustrate this development. （ B） They can form a basis for it. （ C
24、） They can distort our judgment. （ D） They can stimulate too much mental activity. 23 The author uses the comparison with building a cathedral to show that _. （ A） worthwhile results do not depend on raw material only （ B） the mediaeval media had different beliefs （ C） great works of art require goo
25、d foundations （ D） close attention to detail is important 24 How are the mass media said to influence our ability to make decisions? （ A） They disturb us by their prejudices. （ B） They make us doubt our own judgments. （ C） They make no contribution in this area. （ D） They make decisions which appear
26、 too complicated. 25 The main weakness of the mass media is identified by the author as _. （ A） fear of losing the customer （ B） the diverse views of the contributors （ C） service to the profit motive （ D） trying to cater for a vast range of audience 25 In a perfectly free and open market economy, t
27、he type of employer government or private should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in th
28、e degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated
29、against, government employment would have a positive effect on womens earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees w
30、ould be 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal. In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the
31、 effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of white male and female workers from the 1970 census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-e
32、mployed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial disparities.) Browns research design controlled for education, labor-force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations
33、of the studys results. Browns results suggest that men and women are not treated the came by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed. One can infer from Browns results t
34、hat consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions. Browns results are clearly consistent with Fuchs argument that discrim
35、ination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact the women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating against women. The results do
36、not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discriminating is not having as much effect on womens earnings as is discrimination in the private sector. 26 The passage mentions all of the following
37、 difficulties that self-employed women may encounter EXCEPT _. （ A） discrimination from consumers and suppliers （ B） discrimination from financial institutions （ C） problems from financial institutions （ D） problems in obtaining government assistance 27 Which of the following conclusions would the a
38、uthor be most likely to agree with about discrimination against women by private employers and by government employers? （ A） Both private employers and government employers discriminate with equal effects on womens earnings. （ B） Both private employers and government employers discriminate, but the
39、discrimination by private employers has a greater effect on womens earnings. （ C） Both private employers and government employers discriminate, but the discrimination by government employers has a greater effect on womens earnings. （ D） Private employers discriminate: it is possible that government
40、employers discriminate. 28 A study of the practices of financial institutions revealed that no discrimination against self-employed women would tend to contradict. （ A） some tentative results of Fuchs study （ B） some explicit results of Browns study （ C） a suggestion made by the author （ D） Fuchs hy
41、pothesis 29 According to Browns study, womens earnings categories occur in orders, from highest earnings to lowest earnings: （ A） government employment, self-employment, private employment （ B） government employment, private employment, self-employment （ C） private employment, self-employment, gover
42、nment employment （ D） private employment, government, self-employment 30 Which of the following titles best describes the content of the passage as a whole? （ A） Why Discrimination Against Employed Women by Government Employers and Private Employers Differs from Discrimination Against Self-Employed
43、Women by Consumers? （ B） How Discrimination Affects Womens Choice of Type of Employment? （ C） The Relative Effect of Private Employer Discrimination on Mens Earnings as Compared to Womens Earnings （ D） The Relative Effect of Discrimination by Government Employers, Private Employers, and Consumers on
44、 Womens Earnings 30 It is possible for students to obtain advanced degrees in English while knowing little or nothing about traditional scholarly methods. The consequences of this neglect of traditional scholarship are particularly unfortunate for the study of women writers. If the canon the list of
45、 authors whose works are most widely taught is ever to include more women, scholars who do not know how to read early manuscripts, locate rare books, establish a sequence of editions, and so on are lacking in crucial tools for revising the canon. To address such concerns, an experimental, version of
46、 the traditional scholarly methods course was designed to raise students consciousness about the usefulness of traditional learning for any modern critic or theorist. To minimize the artificial aspects of the conventional course, the usual procedure of assigning a large number of small problems draw
47、n from the entire range of historical periods was abandoned, though this procedure has the obvious advantage of at least superficially familiarizing students with a wide range of reference sources. Instead students were engaged in a collective effort to do original work on a neglected eighteenth-cen
48、tury writer, Elizabeth Griffith, to give them an authentic experience of literary scholarship and to inspire them to take responsibility for the quality of their own work. Griffiths work presented a number of advantages for this particular pedagogical purpose. First, the body of extant scholarship o
49、n Griffith was so tiny that it could all be read in a day, thus students spent little time and effort mastering the literature and, had a clear field for their own discoveries. Griffiths play The Platonic Wife exists in three versions, enough to provide illustrations of editorial issues but not too many for beginning students to manage. In addition, because Griffith was successful in the eighteenth century, as her continued producti
