1、考博英语-基础训练 4 及答案解析(总分：16.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such as“steering the economy to a soft landing“or“a touch on the brakes“makes it sound like a precise scienceNothing could be further from the truthThe link between interest rates and i
2、nflation is uncertainAnd there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economyHence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear view mirror and a faulty steering wheelGiven all these disadvantagescen
3、tral bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3%last year, close to its lowest level in 30 yearsbefore rising slightly to 2.5%this JulyThis is a long way below the double digit rates which many countries experienced
4、 in the 1970s and early 1980sIt is also less than most forecasters had predicatedIn late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5%in 1995In 1995, in fact, it fell to 2.6%in August, and expected to average only about 3%for t
5、he year as a wholeIn Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last yearThis is no flash in the pan；over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and AmericaEconomists have been particularly s
6、urprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Americas, have little productive slackAmericas capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year,and its jobless rate(5.6%
7、in August)has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemploymentthe rate below which inflation has taken off in the pastWhy has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately,a little defectiveSome economists argue that powerful structural changes in the worl
8、d have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation（分数：4.00）(1).From the passage we learn that_Athere is a definite relationship between inflation and interest ratesBeconomy will always follow certain modelsCthe economic situation is better th
9、an expectedDeconomists had foreseen the present economic situation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage，which of the following is true?AMaking monetary policies is comparable to driving a carBAn extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflationCA high unemployment rate will result from infla
10、tionDInterest rates have an immediate effect on the economy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The sentence“This is no flash in the pan”(Line 5，Paragraph 3)means that_Athe lOW inflation rate will last for some timeBthe inflation rate will soon riseCthe inflation will disappear quicklyDthere is no inflation at pres
11、ent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The passage shows that the author is_the present situationAcritical of Bpuzzled by Cdisappointed at Damazed at（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The internt can make the news more democratic, giving the public a chance to ask questions and seek out facts behind stories a
12、nd candidates, according to the head ofthe largest U.S.online service“But the greatest potential for public participation is still in the future, “Steven Case, Chairman of America Online, told a recent meeting on Journalism and the internt sponsored by the Freedom Forum(论坛)However；some other experts
13、 often say the new technology of computers is changing the face of journalism, giving reporters access to more information and their readers a chance to ask questions and turn to different sources“You dont have to buy a newspaper and be confined to the four comers ofthat paper any mOre, “Sam Meddis,
14、 online technology editor at USA Today, observed about the variety of information available to computer usersBut the expers noted the easy access to the internt also means anyone can post information for others to see“Anyone can say anything they want, whether its right or wrong, “said Case Readers
15、have to determine for themselves who to trust“In a world of almost infinite voices, respected ioumalists and respected brand names will probably become more important, not less, “ Case said“The internt today is about where radio was 80 years agoor television 50 years ago or cable 25 years ago, “he s
16、aidBut it is growing rapidly because it provides people fast access to news and a chance to comment on it（分数：4.00）(1).The main topic ofthis passage is_Athe development of journalism Bthe rapid development of the InternetCthe effect the Internet has on joumalism Dthe advantages of the Internet（分数：1.0
17、0）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from this passage that the fact that_may NOT be regarded as an advantage of the InternetAthe news can be made more democraticBthe public can turn to different sourcesCthe public can get a chance to ask questionsDanything can be posted on the internt for others to see
18、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The correct order for the aDpearance of the four technologies is_AInternet-cable-television-radio Bradio-television-cable-InternetCradio-cable-television-Internt Dtelevision-radio-cable-Internet（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which Of the following statements is true?AOnly respected journa
19、lists can post information on the Internet for others to seeBRespected journalists will probably become more important than beforeCEveryone is using the internt nowDThe greatest potential of public participation of the Internet is in the near future（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：4.00)There is a
20、range of activities which require movements of about one to four or five miles These might be leisure activities, such as moving from home to swimming pool, tennis club, the theater or other cultural centers, or to a secondary or more advanced school, or they might be movements associated with work
21、and shopping in the central areas of citiesThe use of cars capable of carrying five people at 80 mph for satislying these needs is wasteful of space and most productive of disturbance to other road usersThe use of the bicycle, or some more modem derivative of itis probably worth more consideration t
22、han has recently been given to itThe bicycle itself is a remarkably efficient and simple device for using human muscular energy for transportationIn pure energy terms, it is four to five times as efficient as walking, even though human walking itself is twice as efficient as the movement of effectiv
23、e animals such as dogs or gullsIt is still widely used, not only in some developing countries where bicycles are major means of people and goods, but in a few richer towns such as Amsterdam in Holland and Cambridge in EnglandIt usually gives inadequate protection from the weather,is not very suitabl
24、e for carrying goods, and demands considerable muscular work to make progress against wind or uphillIt also offers its rider no protection against collisions with other vehiclesAll these difficulties could, however,be greatly eliminated, if not removed, with relatively small changes in design The wh
25、ole machine could be enclosed in a plastic bubble which would provide some protection in case of accidentsIt would be easy to add a small petrol or electric motorA wide variety of designs would be possibleAs in rowing, we might employ the power of the arms or the general body musculature, as well as
26、 those of the legs；more muscular exercise would be good for the health of many people in cities, and a wide use of bicycle like muscle-powered vehicles would be a useful way to ensure thisIt could also provide ample opportunities for showing off by the young and vigorous（分数：4.00）(1).The main idea of
27、the first paragraph is that the car_Acan satisfy the demand for speedBcauses waste of spaceCproduces disturbance to other road usersDis far from perfect for short range movements（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).More attention should be given to the bicycle as a means of transport because it is_Aa very efficient
28、 and simple deviceBmuch cheaper than a carCwidely used in Amsterdam and CambridgeDstill used by rich people（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Enclosing the bicycle in a plastic bubble would_Amake it easier to useBsave muscular energyCprovide protection from the weatherDprevent it from colliding with other vehicle
29、s（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of these is untrue for the present bicycle?AIt is far more efficient than the movement of animalsBIt offers its rider no protectionCIt is not very suitable for carrying goodsDIt can hardly be improved on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Telecommuting-substituting th
30、e computer for the trip to the job-has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office workFor workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflictsFor management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on boardminimizes l
31、ateness and absenteeism by eliminating commuters, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibilityIn some areas, such as Southern Califomifi and Seattle, Washington, local govemments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to red
32、uce rush-hour traffic and improve air qualityBut these benefits do not come easilyMaking a telecommuting program work requi res careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular imagesMany workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommu
33、ter. A computer programmer from New York City moves to the quiet Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computerA manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other twoAn accountant stays home to care for her sick child； she hooks up her telephone mod
34、em connections and does office work between calls to the doctorThese are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of realityTelecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same timeBefore a certain age, young children c
35、annot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and familyAdditional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work doneManagement, too, must separate the myth from the realityAlthough the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases
36、 it is the employees situation, not the availability of technology,that precipitates a telecommuting arrangementThat is partly why,despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs of policy guidelines remains small（分数：4.00）(1).What is the main subject of the
37、passage?ABusiness management policiesBDriving to workCExtending the workplace by means of computersDComputers for childcare purposes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem for employers that is potentMly solved by telecommuting?AEmployeeslateness for workBEmployeesa
38、bsence from workCEmployeesneed for time alone to work intensivelyDEmployeesconflicts with second jobs（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following does the author mention as a possible disadvantage of telecommuting?ASmall children cannot understand the boundaries of work and playBComputer technology i
39、s never advanced enough to accommodate the needs of every situationCElectrical malfunctions can destroy a projectDThe worker often does not have all the needed resources at home（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is an example of telecommuting as described in the passage?AA scientist in a la
40、boratory developing plans for a space stationBA technical writer sending via computer documents created at homeCA computer technician repairing an office computer networkDA teacher directing computer-assisted learning in a private school（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.考博英语-基础训练 4 答案解析(总分：16.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Text 1(
41、总题数：1，分数：4.00)Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such as“steering the economy to a soft landing“or“a touch on the brakes“makes it sound like a precise scienceNothing could be further from the truthThe link between interest rates and inflation is uncertainAnd there are long, variab
42、le lags before policy changes have any effect on the economyHence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear view mirror and a faulty steering wheelGiven all these disadvantagescentral bankers seem to have had much to boast abo
43、ut of late Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3%last year, close to its lowest level in 30 yearsbefore rising slightly to 2.5%this JulyThis is a long way below the double digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980sIt is also less th
44、an most forecasters had predicatedIn late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5%in 1995In 1995, in fact, it fell to 2.6%in August, and expected to average only about 3%for the year as a wholeIn Britain and Japan inflatio
45、n is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last yearThis is no flash in the pan；over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and AmericaEconomists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Brit
46、ain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Americas, have little productive slackAmericas capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year,and its jobless rate(5.6%in August)has fallen below most estimates of th
47、e natural rate of unemploymentthe rate below which inflation has taken off in the pastWhy has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately,a little defectiveSome economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that wer
48、e based upon the historical link between growth and inflation（分数：4.00）(1).From the passage we learn that_Athere is a definite relationship between inflation and interest ratesBeconomy will always follow certain modelsCthe economic situation is better than expectedDeconomists had foreseen the present
49、 economic situation（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 从文章第 1 段的内容可知，过去被用来描述金融政策的许多术语使得金融政策听起来像是一门严谨的科学，实际情况可能远非如此，利率与通货膨胀之间的联系并不稳定，政 策变动对经济产生影响之前，有一段时间长且易变的滞后期。因此，出现了这样的类比将执行金融政策比作驾驶一辆挡风玻璃已经发黑、后视镜已经破裂并且方向盘已经失灵的汽车。从文章第 2 段的内容可知，尽管有这些不利条件，但是最近中央银行的银行家似乎有不少值得夸耀的东西：七大工业国家的平均通货膨胀率下降了，接近 30 年来的最低水平，比许多国家 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代早期经历过的两位数的通货膨胀率要低很多。从文章第 3 段的
