1、考研英语(一)-23 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Insurance companies provide a service to the community by protecting it against expected and unexpected disasters. Before an insurance company will agree to (1) anything, it collects accurate figures about the (2) . It know
2、s, for example, that the risk of a man being killed in a plane accident is less than the risk he (3) in crossing a busy road. This (4) it to quote low figures for travel insurance. Sometimes the risk may be high, as in motorracing or mountaineering. Then the company (5) a much higher price. (6) too
3、many climbers have accidents, the price rises still further. If the majority of climbers fall off mountains, the company will (7) to insure them.An ordinary householder may wish to protect his home against fire or his (8) against burglary. A shop keeper may wish to insure against (9) . In (10) cases
4、, the company will check its statistics and quote a premium. If it is (11) , it may refuse to quote. If it insures a shop and then receives a suspicious (12) , it will (13) the claim as a means of protecting itself against false claims. It is not unknown for a businessman in debt to burn down his ow
5、n premises so that he can claim much money from his insurance company. He can be sure that the fire will be investigated most carefully. Insurance companies also (14) insurance against shipwreck or disaster in the air. Planes and ships are very expensive, so a large (15) is charged, but a (16) is gi
6、ven to companies with an accident-free record.Every week insurance companies receive premium (17) from customers. These payments can form a very large total (18) millions of dollars. The company does not leave the money in the bank. It (19) in property, shares, farms and even antique paintings and s
7、tamps. Its aim is to obtain the best possible return on its investment. This is not so greedy as it may seem, since this is one way by which it can deep its premiums down and continue to make a profit (20) being of service to the community.（分数：10.00）(1).A. assure B. insure C. ensure D. pressure（分数：0
8、.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. threat B. danger C. risk D. trouble（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. holds B. issues C. intends D. takes（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. enables B. occurs C. refers D. makes（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. demands B. provides C. charges D. offers（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. If B. When C. Unless D. After（分数：0.50）A
9、.B.C.D.(7).A. decline B. incline C. refuse D. foresee（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. property B. income C. investment D. premises（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. hijacking B. kidnapping C. robbery D. theft（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. ordinary B. normal C. common D. usual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. awkward B. unknown C. cur
10、ious D. suspicious（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. source B. claim C. statue D. origin（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. discover B. insure C. investigate D. protect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. receive B. extend C. accept D. prevent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. premium B. price C. relief D. property（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. de
11、duction B. reduction C. induction D. production（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. payments B. fund C. capital D. allowance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. bringing up B. turning out C. arriving at D. running into（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. puts B. invests C. awards D. imparts（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. though B. when C. fo
12、r D. while（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One of the many pleasures of watching Mad Men, a television drama about the advertising industry in the early 1960s, is examining the ways in which office life has changed over the years. One
13、 obvious change makes people feel good about themselves: they no longer treat women as second-class citizens. But the other obvious change makes them feel a bit more uneasy: they have lost the art of enjoying themselves at work.The ad-men in those days enjoyed simple pleasures. They puffed away at t
14、heir desks. They drank throughout the day. They had affairs with their colleagues. They socialised not in order to bond, but in order to get drunk. Nowadays many companies are obsessed with fun. Software firms in Silicon Valley have installed rock-climbing walls in their reception areas and put infl
15、atable animals in their offices. Wal-Mart orders its cashiers to smile at all and sundry. The cult of fun has spread like some disgusting haemorrhagic disease.This cult of fun is driven by three of the most popular management fads of the moment: empowerment, engagement and creativity. Many companies
16、 pride themselves on devolving power to front-line workers. But surveys show that only 20% of workers are“ fully engaged with their job “. Even fewer are creative. Managers hope that “ fun“ will magically make workers more engaged and creative. But the problem is that as soon as fun becomes part of
17、a corporate strategy it ceases to be fun and becomes its oppositeat best an empty shell and at worst a tiresome imposition.The most unpleasant thing about the fashion for fun is that it is mixed with a large dose of pressure. Boston Pizza encourages workers to send“ golden bananas“ to colleagues who
18、 are “having fun while being the best“. Behind the“ fun“ there often lurks some crude management thinking: a desire to brand the company as better than its rivals, or a plan to boost productivity through team-building. Twitter even boasts that it has“ worked hard to create an environment that spawns
19、 productivity and happiness“.While imposing fake fun on their employees, companies are battling against the real thing. Many force smokers to huddle outside like furtive criminals. Few allow their employees to drink at lunch time, let alone earlier in the day. A regiment of busybodies from lawyers t
20、o human resources functionariesis waging war on office romance, particularly between people of different ranks.The merchants of fake fun have met some resistance. When Wal-Mart tried to impose alien rules on its German staffsuch as compulsory smiling and a ban on affairs with coworkersit touched off
21、 a guerrilla war that ended only when the supermarket chain announced it was pulling out of Germany in 2006. But such victories are rare. For most wage slaves forced to pretend they are having fun at work, the only relief is to poke fun at their tormentors. Mad Men reminds people of a world they hav
22、e losta world where bosses did not tbink that“fun“ was a management tool and where employees could happily quaff Scotch at noon. Cheers to that.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by _.A. explaining a phenomenonB. justifying an assumptionC. posing an argumentD. ma
23、king a contrast（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements can Not be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4?A. Companies are competing each other in creating fun.B. Fun has been turned into a means as achieving corporate strategy.C. Empowerment, engagement and creativity are nothing but empty
24、concepts.D. Twitter prides itself in promoting the happiness as well as the productivity.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).By citing Wal-marts example, the author intends to _.A. warn companies of potential culture shock in multinational managementB. encourage dissatisfied workers to fight against their bossC. h
25、ighlight the rarity of successful resistance against widespread cult for funD. express his admiration for disobedient German（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The restriction on smoking and drinking reflects companys _.A. contradiction in words and actionB. ignorance of employees true happinessC. violation of bas
26、ic human rightsD. inflexibility in managing staff（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the text that ad-men in 1960s are more happy than office workers today mainly because _.A. they are free to enjoy simple and spontaneous funB. they are empowered to make individual decisionsC. they are not
27、forced to boost creavitivity and productivityD. they can take a relief to poke fun at their boss（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The first time I tried shark-fin soup was at Time Warners annual dinner in Hong Kong. Shark-fin soup is a luxury item ($100 bowl in some restaurants)in Hong Kong a
28、nd Mainland China, its biggest consumers; its a dish that embodies east Asias intertwined notions of hospitality and keeping (or losing) “face“. “Its like champagne“, says Alvin Leung, owner of Bo Innovation, a Cantonese restaurant in Hong Kong. “You dont open a bottle of Coke to celebrate. Its a ri
29、tual. “Unfortunately, this gesture of hospitality comes with a price tag much bigger than that $ 100 bowl. All told, up to 70 million sharks are killed annually for the trade, despite the fact that 30% of shark species are threatened with extinction. “Sharks have made it through multiple mass extinc
30、tions on our planet, “ says Matt Rand, director of Pews Global Shark Conservation division. “Now many species are going to go the way of the dinosaurfor a bowl of soup. “The shark-fin industry has gained notoriety in recent years not just because of what its doing to the global shark population but
31、also because of whats known as finningthe practice of catching a shark, removing its fins and dumping the animal back into the sea. While a pound of shark fin can go for up to $ 300, most shark meat isnt particularly valuable, and it takes up freezer space and weight on fishing boats. Today, finning
32、 is illegal in the waters of the E. U. , the U. S. and Australia, among others; boats are required to carry a certain ratio of fins to carcasses(尸体) to prevent massive overfishing. But there are loopholes in antifinning laws that are easy to exploit. In the E. U. , for example, ships can land the fi
33、ns separately from the carcasses, making the job of monitoring the weight ratio nearly impossible. In the U. S. , a boat found carrying nearly 65, 000 lb. ( 30, 000 kg) of illegal shark fins won a court case because it was registered as a cargo vessel, which current U. S. finning. laws do not cover.
34、Sharks populations cant withstand commercial fishing the way more fertile marine species can. Unlike other fish harvested from the wild, sharks grow slowly. They dont reach sexual maturity until later in lifethe female great white, for example, at 12 to 14 yearsand when they do, they have comparativ
35、ely few offspring at a time, unlike, tunas, which release millions of eggs when they spawn.The sharks plight is starting to be weighed against the delicacys cultural value. The conservation group has lobbied local restaurants that offer the classic nine-course banquet served at Cantonese weddings, o
36、f which shark fin is traditionally a part, to offer a no-shark menu as a choice to couples.After my first encounter with shark-fin soup, I decided that, like my colleagues, I would probably skip it next time. Unfortunately, that next time came at an intimate dinner in a small, private dining room, w
37、here I was both a guest and a stranger. When the soupthe centerpiece of the mealwas set down before me, I ate it. Apparently, Im not the only one to cave. “You go to a wedding, and you refused to eat it just because you feel youre insulted Im not that extreme, “ Leung, the chef, says. “If other peop
38、le believe that it brings luck .or brings face, Id be a spoilsport. “To make a dent in the slaughter of the sharks, however, there are going to have to be a lot of people willing to spoil this particular sport.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements about shark-fin soup is true?A. It has a p
39、rice tag much bigger than $ 100 bowl.B. It carries rich cultural meaning.C. It tastes like champagne.D. It is expensive for its high nutrition.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Some fishmen land the fins separately from the carcasses in order to _.A. escape punishment by lawB. make more freezer spaces on boatC.
40、prevent massive overfishingD. exploit bad execution of law（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. large creatures tend to extinct more quickly than smaller ones such as tunaB. low breeding capability of shark is the vital reason for its endangermentC. the measures taken to
41、 battle against finning are not so successfulD. westerners show no interest in shark-fin soup（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It is implied in this passage that to protect shark from extinction, the most important thing to do is _.A. to persuade restaurants to quit shark-fin soup in banquetB. to take courage to
42、 go against bad cuisine cultureC. to spot and make up for the loophole in lawD. to do more research to enhance the breeding capability of sharks（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for this passage is _.A. Dinausor First, Shark NextB. Endangered Shark SpeciesC. Dirty Trade of Shark-FinD. Killing by E
43、ating（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Invention and innovation have been quintessentially American pursuits from the earliest days of the republic. Benjamin Franklin was a world-famous scientist and inventor. Cyrus McCormick and his harvester, Samuel F. B. Morse and the telegraph, Alexander
44、Graham Bell and the telephonethe 19th century produced a string of inventors and their world-changing creations. And then there was the greatest of them all, Thomas Alva Edison. He came up with the crucial devices that would give birth to three enduring American industries:electrical power, recorded
45、 music and motion pictures.Much of the world we live in today is a legacy of Edison and of his devotion to science and innovation. Edison taught us to invent, and for decades we were the best in the world. But today, more than 160 years after Edisons birth, America is losing its scientific edge. A l
46、andmark report released in May by the National Science Board lays out the numbers:while U. S. investment in R for Schedule s, they just phone the pharmacy. ( Schedule I substances are drugs like heroin that are never prescribed. ) For patients, that wealth of choices spelled danger.The result has ha
47、rdly been surprising. Since 1990, there has been a tenfold increase in prescriptions for opioids in the U. S. , according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP). In 1990 there were barely 6, 000 deaths from accidental drug poisoning in the U. S. By 2007 that number had nearly quint
48、upled, to 27, 658.Health officials do not tease out which drug is responsible for every death, and its not always possible. “There may be lots of drugs on board, “ says Cathy Barber, director of the Injury Control Research Center at the Harvard School of Public Health. “Is it the opioid that caused
49、the death? Or is it the combination of opioid, benzodiazepine and a cocktail the person had?“ Still, most experts agree that nothing but the exploding availability of opioids could be behind the exploding rate of death.Despite such heavy death toil, the suivellance over these popular pills faces regulatory maze. In early 2009, the FDA announced that it was initiating a “ risk-evaluation and mitigation strategy“. The regulations the FDA is empowered to issue include requiring manufacturers to provide better inform
