1、考研英语-试卷 125及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Selection to participate in a top executive-education program is an important rung on
2、the ladder to top corporate jobs. U.S. corporations (1)_ billions of dollars in this form of management developmentand use it to (2)_ and train fast-track managers. Yet one (3)_ of executive education found that less than 5% of the managers (4)_ to these high-profile programs are womenand minorities
3、 are terribly (5)_ as well. The numbers are (6)_. In regular business (7)_ usually paid for by the participant, not an employerthere are plenty of women and minorities. Women, for example, (8)_ for about 30% of MBA candidates. Yet in the (9)_ programs paid for by corporations that round out a manage
4、r“s credentials at a (10)_ career point, usually at age 40 or 45, companies are making only a (11)_ investment in developing female and minority executives. A case (12)_ point: Only about 30% of the 180 executives in Stanford“s recent (13)_ management program were women. Most companies say these day
5、s they are (14)_ hiring and promoting women and minoritiesand there are some (15)_ trends in overall employment and pay levels so why are companies (16)_ the ball when it (17)_ executive education? The schools (18)_ that they are neither the cause of nor the cure for the problem. A Harvard Business
6、School dean figures that companies are (19)_ of sending their female executives (20)_ they don“t want to lose them to competitors.（分数：40.00）A.endowB.ventureC.investD.donateA.designateB.identifyC.fabricateD.approachA.viewB.examinationC.surveyD.testA.deliveredB.transportedC.transmittedD.sentA.under-re
7、presentedB.underlinedC.underestimatedD.underminedA.ridiculousB.dreadfulC.shamefulD.cruelA.projectsB.programsC.plansD.itemsA.occupyB.possessC.accountD.takeA.privilegedB.prestigiousC.preferableD.professionalA.importantB.keyC.weakD.normalA.tokenB.assurableC.keyD.symbolicA.besideB.up toC.inD.toA.inferio
8、rB.dependentC.juniorD.advancedA.passivelyB.aggressivelyC.progressivelyD.intensivelyA.negativeB.rightC.positiveD.wrongA.droppingB.carryingC.bouncingD.openingA.comes inB.comes toC.comes onD.comes fromA.apprehendB.verifyC.maintainD.promiseA.shyB.cowardC.braveD.fearfulA.thatB.whileC.becauseD.But二、Readin
9、g Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Something extraordinary is happening in London this week: in Lambeth, one of the city“s poorest boroughs(区), 180 childre
10、n are starting their secondary education in a brand new school. The state- funded school was set up by parents who were fed up with the quality of local education. In countries with more enlightened education systems, this would be unremarkable. In Britain, it is an amazing achievement by a bunch of
11、 desperate and determined people after years of struggle. Britain“s schools are in a mess. Average standards are not improving despite billions in extra spending, and a stubbornly long tail of underachievers straggles(拖后腿) behind. A couple of years ago, a consensus emerged among reformers that counc
12、ils had too much control and parents too little. One might have expected more from the Conservatives, who stood for election on a pledge to bring in school vouchers. Yet the Tory policy group charged with thinking deep thoughts about public services paid only lip service to parent power in its repor
13、t. Where schools are failing, it said, parents or charities should get taxpayers“ money to open new ones. But only 2.9% are actually failing, on official definitions. And another proposal, that children in failing schools get extra funding if they go elsewhere, was so lacking in detail as to be mean
14、ingless. Worry about underperforming schools is hardly confined to Britain: in America, in Italy, in Germany, even in once-proud France education is a hot-button topic. Yet a number of countries seem to have cracked it. Although specific problems differ in different societies, parental choice is at
15、the heart of most successful solutions. What are the lessons? The first is that if a critical mass of parents wants a new school and there is a willing provider, local government should be required to finance it as generously as it does existing state schools. The second is that if a charity wants t
16、o open a school in the hope that children will come, then taxpayers“ money should follow any that do. Third, rules about what, where and how schools teach should be relaxed to avoid stifling innovation and discouraging newcomers with big ideas. In any event, public-examination results would give par
17、ents the information they needed to enforce high standards. These proposals may seem radical, yet parents in the Netherlands have had the right to demand new schools since 1917, and those in Sweden have been free since 1992 to take their government money to any school that satisfies basic government
18、 rules. In the Netherlands 70% of children are educated in private schools at the taxpayers“ expense; in Sweden 10% already are. In both countries state spending on education is lower per head than in Britain, and results are better. It doesn“t take a genius IQjust a little political courageto draw
19、the correct conclusion.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, which of the following is true about the new school?（分数：2.00）A.The new school in Lambeth is financed by parents not satisfied with the local education.B.Reformers recently agreed that parents had less control over British schools than the c
20、ouncils.C.The establishment of this school is more remarkable in Britain than in some other countries.D.British schools have managed to use a large sum to ameliorate the level of education.(2).According to Paragraph 3, the Conservatives“ response to the poor British education is that _.（分数：2.00）A.th
21、ey have fulfilled their promises by giving money to parents when schools fail.B.they have given official definitions of the failing schools on a loose basis.C.they elaborate the proposal that children in failing schools get extra funding if they transfer.D.they show real concerns over public educati
22、on problems during their election.(3).From other countries“ successful experience, Britain can learn that _.（分数：2.00）A.tax payers“ money should be divided equally between parents and state schools.B.there should not be a tight control over the specific ways of teaching.C.the public money should go t
23、o any charity who would like to attract students.D.public surveillance should inform parents in order to maintain high standards.(4).We can infer from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.the proposals mentioned in the above paragraph are really radical.B.the education model the Netherlands and Swed
24、en adopt are effective.C.the solutions of education problems involve a technique innovation.D.more Swedish children are educated in private schools than children in the Netherlands.(5).What is the author“s attitude towards the establishment of the school in Lambeth?（分数：2.00）A.Neutral.B.Approval.C.Di
25、sapproval.D.Critical.An experiment that some hoped would reveal a new class of subatomic particles, and perhaps even point to clues about why the universe exists at all, has instead produced a first round of results that are mysteriously inconclusive. Dr. Conrad and William C. Louis presented their
26、initial findings in a talk yesterday at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory where the experiment is being performed. The goal was to confirm or refute observations made in the 1990s in a Los Alamos experiment that observed transformations in the evanescent but bountiful particles known as neut
27、rinos(微中子). Neutrinos have no electrical charge and almost no mass, but there are so many of them that they could collectively outweigh all the stars in the universe. The new experiment has attracted wide interest. That reflected in part the hope of finding cracks in the Standard Model, which encaps
28、ulates physicists“ current knowledge about fundamental particles and forces. The Standard Model has proved remarkably effective and accurate, but it cannot answer some fundamental questions, like why the universe did not completely annihilate(毁灭) itself an instant after the Big Bang. The birth of th
29、e universe 13.7 billion years ago created equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Since matter and antimatter annihilate each other when they come in contact, that would have left nothing to coalesce into stars and galaxies. There must be some imbalance in the laws of physics that led to a slight pr
30、eponderance of matter over antimatter, and that extra bit of matter formed everything in the visible universe. The imbalance, some physicists believe, may be hiding in the dynamics of neutrinos. Neutrinos come in three known types, or flavors. And they can change flavor as they travel. But the neutr
31、ino transformations reported in the Los Alamos data do not fit the three-flavor model, suggesting four flavors of neutrinos, if not more. The new experiment sought to count the number of times one flavor of neutrino, called a muon( 介子), turned into another flavor, an electron neutrino. For most of t
32、he neutrino energy range they looked at, the scientists did not see any more electron neutrinos than would be predicted by the Standard Model. That ruled out the simplest ways of interpreting the Los Alamos neutrino data, Dr. Conrad and Dr. Louis said. But at the lower energies, the scientists did s
33、ee more electron neutrinos than predicted: 369, rather than the predicted 273. That may simply mean that some calculations are off. Or it could point to a subtler interplay of particles, known and unknown. Dr. Louis said he was surprised by the results“. I was sort of expecting a clear excess or no
34、excess“, he said. “In a sense, we got both“.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that the“ initial findings“ of Dr. Conrad and Louis are _.（分数：2.00）A.a new class of subatoms.B.new subatomic particles.C.new characters of neutrinos.D.none of the above.(2).According to the text, Neutrinos
35、are kinds of particles that _.（分数：2.00）A.are numerous and stable.B.have no electric charge.C.are short-lived matter.D.are small in amount.(3).We can conclude that the dynamics of neutrinos may cause _.（分数：2.00）A.the universe to completely annihilate itself.B.some imbalance by generating more antimat
36、ter.C.the birth of the universe after the Big Bang.D.the uniting of matter into celestial body.(4).According to the text, the Los Alamos experiment has reported that _.（分数：2.00）A.there are numerous neutrinos which fade away quickly.B.during traveling, neutrinos can change into three types.C.there ar
37、e large numbers of neutrinos at the lower energies.D.neutrinos are observed for the first time during the experiment.(5).In the experiment, Dr. Conrad and Louis find out _.（分数：2.00）A.most of the data in the Los Alamos experiment is not accurate.B.the number of times one flavor of neutrino converts i
38、nto another.C.there is some subtler interplay of particles causing miscalculations.D.the number of neutrinos is more than estimated at the higher energies.When the United States and Korea(SOK) announced their new free-trade agreement last month, the news was mainly economic. The deal would give Amer
39、ican farmers and bankers alike better access to Korean consumers and help Korean companies push more electronics, cars and textiles into the United States. Largely unreported was the political anglethe U.S.-Korea(SOK) free trade agreement comes at precisely the moment when America“s military presenc
40、e on the Korean Peninsula is rapidly diminishing, anti-U.S. nationalism in Korea(SOK) is growing and China is playing an ever more important leadership role in the region. This FTA is much more significant in strategic than economic terms. It is the same about any number of trade deals in Asia these
41、 days. While free-trade agreements have always been somewhat political, solidifying national relationships, the use of FTAs in geopolitical jockeying(竞赛) is reaching new heights in East Asia. Since 1997, the number of FTAs in the region has risen from seven to 38. Last time we saw this sort of frenz
42、ied bilateral activity was back in the 1930s. That worries some economists, who fear that all the free-trade politicking will further erode an already beleaguered global trading system, and create a snowball effect of countermeasures. It“s no accident that the activity in the region has increased si
43、nce 2004, which marked the beginning of a massive free trade agreement between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. China offered countries like Laos and Cambodia an “early harvest“, unilaterally opening up markets for hundreds of different kinds of agricultural products. That in tu
44、rn helped smooth the way for a reduction in tension in hot spots like the disputed South China Sea territories. FTAs are becoming a key instrument for great-power diplomacy. That worries rivals, who are rushing to find their own partners. The Japanese, for example, have always been cautious when it
45、comes to bilateral agreements. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe recently announced a new push for more Japanese FTAs in the region. Meanwhile, the EU is trying desperately to push its way back into the region, recently announcing plans to negotiate its own deals with both South Korea and the ASEAN
46、 nations. How will all the wheeling and dealing end? Not with more efficient trading. A recent map of Asian trade deals shows an increasingly complicated “spaghetti bowl“ hindering broader global efforts to liberalize trade. Such deals have a disproportionately negative effect on small and medium-si
47、zed enterprises, representing as much as 80 percent of jobs in some parts of Asia. Already, the U.S.-Korea(SOK) deal is causing grousing(不满) in Japan, which would take a hit as Korean competitors no longer have. to deal with U.S. tariffs. Still, that probably won“t turn the tidethe most important cr
48、iterion in motivating a country to seek FTAs, well ahead of economic reform, wassurprisepolitics.（分数：10.00）(1).By signing a new FTA with Korea(SOK), U.S. wishes to _.（分数：2.00）A.withdraw rapidly its military troops in Korea(SOK).B.arouse pro-U.S. sentiments in Korea(SOK).C.check the increasing significance of China there.D.fulfill its magnifying global economic strategy.(2).It can be inferred from the text that _.（分数：2.00）A.there has never been such a large-scale bilateral activity before
