1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 125 及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：7，分数：70.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_The energy crisis, which is being felt around the w
2、orld, has dramatized how the reckless despoiling of the earth“s resources has brought the whole world to brink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-destruction of
3、our cities, the disintegration of the family,and the pollution not only of local air, but also of the earth“s atmosphere. The catastrophe has arrived in the form of the energy crisis. Our present situation is unlike war, revolution, or depression. It is also unlike the great natural catastrophes of
4、the past. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range planning is crucial. What we need is not a continuation of our present perilous state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in
5、 order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems. This country has been reeling under the continuing exposures of loss of moral integrity and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some commitmen
6、t that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the loyalty of all. In the past it has been only in a war in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to invoke a total commitment. This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and w
7、hat we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course, and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This i
8、s a priceless opportunity. To grasp it, we need a widespread understanding of the nature of the crisis confronting usand the worlda crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no by-product of the ambition of the oil producing countries, no environmentalists“ mere fears, no by-product of any present sy
9、stem of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed lifestyle. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on an overriding commitment to a higher quality of life for the worl
10、d“s children and future generation.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, the energy crisis has led the world close to _.（分数：2.00）A.unionB.revivalC.destructionD.overdevelopment(2).What does the author think has contributed to the near disaster of our cities?（分数：2.00）A.The breakup of families.B.Reckl
11、ess financial planning.C.Natural disasters.D.The excessive growth of motor transportation.(3).Which of the following indicates our loss of moral integrity according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Despoiling of natural resources.B.Lack of loyalty.C.Lack of mutual understanding.D.Disintegration of the fami
12、ly.(4).By comparing the past with the present, the author wants to draw people“s attention to _.（分数：2.00）A.the significance of the crisisB.the inadequacy of governmental cooperationC.the similarity of the former to the latterD.the seriousness of the moral integrity(5).Which of the following commitme
13、nts does the author feel people need to make?（分数：2.00）A.Exploring more energy sources.B.Outlawing motor transportation.C.Taking a new lifestyle.D.Transforming the present, government system.I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the co
14、untry away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it weren“t for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream? Cities can be frightening places. T
15、he majority of the population lives in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervouscooped up at ho
16、me all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don“t even say hello to each other. Country life, on the other hand, di
17、ffers from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may
18、be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. There“s little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go
19、on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quietness. What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breed
20、s a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the centre of things; and that life doesn“t come to an end at half past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed their
21、preference for the “quiet life“ by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behindthey are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the
22、unwilling original inhabitants of the village. What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning“ to the locals as they pass by? I“m keen on the idea, but you see there“s my cat, Toby. I“m not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long gras
23、s. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 2, one of the disadvantages of living in high-rise buildings is that _.（分数：2.00）A.the parents may become violent and
24、 difficult to put up withB.the residents may not have a good view from their windowsC.the residents may become indifferent to their neighborsD.the children may become too frustrated to be controlled(2).All of the following may make city people unhappy EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.housing conditionsB.lack of
25、communicationC.a sense of isolationD.a serious generation gap(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the country?（分数：2.00）A.People may find it too quiet to live there.B.People may not be able to find designer clothes there.C.People may be cut off from their friends living in cit
26、ies.D.People may not feel isolated because of the community bond.(4).We can infer from Paragraph 4 that those who work in large cities and live in small villages are_.（分数：2.00）A.arrogantB.originalC.insensitiveD.quiet(5).Do you think the author will choose to live in the countryside?（分数：2.00）A.Defini
27、telysooner or later.B.By no meanshe is daydreaming.C.Yeshe can save a lot of money.D.Hard to sayhe is in two minds.When recruiting at British universities, PricewaterhouseCoopers, one of the Big Four auditing firms with its headquarters in the New York City, presents candidates with an unusual exerc
28、ise. They are asked to build a tall and sturdy tower using the smallest possible number of snap-together Lego bricks. Similarly, at Google Games, a recruiting event first staged by the search-engine giant inApril, candidates are invited to build Lego bridgesthe stronger the better. In each case, the
29、 company is trying to convey the idea that it offers a creative, fun working environment. “It was as much advertising as a way of trying to get recruits,“ says Brett Daniel, a student at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign who built the Google Games“ weakest bridge. A Danish firm, based i
30、n Billund, Denmark, has embraced the corporate use of its colored plastic bricks. As part of a scheme called “Serious Play“ it is certifying a growing number of professional Lego consultants, now present in 25 countries. They coach managers by getting them to build “metaphorical abstractions“ of suc
31、h things as corporate strategy, says Lego“s Jesper Jensen, who runs the scheme. Hisham El-Gamal of Quest, a management consultancy based in Cairo that offers Serious Play workshops, says demand for the two-day, $7,000 courses is booming. Firms in crisis, such as those corrupted by scandal or in the
32、pains of a takeover, tend to be most receptive to the idea of Lego workshops, says Franc, oisde Boissezon of Imagics, a consultancy based in Brussels. The results can be embarrassing, particularly for senior managers. Tsai Yu-Chen of UGene Mentor, a Serious Play consultancy based in Taipei, says a c
33、ommon exercise is modeling, but not naming, “the people you hate most“. One chief executive was modeled as a figure so fat that he blocked a hallway, suggesting he was clogging up the company. Lego workshops are effective because child-like play is a form of instinctive behavior not regulated by con
34、scious thought, says Lucio Margulis of Juego Serio, a consultancy in Buenos Aires. This produces “Eureka“ moments: a perfectionist who realizes the absurdity of frustration over an imperfect Lego construction; the owner of a firm with dismal customer relations who models headquarters as a fort under
35、 siege; or an arrogant boss who depicts his staff as soldiers headed into battle. Even in the office, it seems, Lego has a part to play.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by _.（分数：2.00）A.posing a contrastB.making a comparisonC.stating a phenomenonD.illustrating a
36、 hypothesis(2).PricewaterhouseCoopers and Google Games incorporate Lego workshops into their recruitments mainly to_.（分数：2.00）A.check whether the candidates get the required operation skillsB.test whether the candidates are innovative and funnyC.advertise themselves as well as get the most talented
37、recruitsD.attract the candidates with their creative and easy working atmosphere(3).Which of the following is closest in meaning to “clogging up“ (Para. 4)?（分数：2.00）A.corrupting.B.obstructing.C.raining.D.betraying.(4).According to Lucio Margulis, a person“s behavior in Lego workshops is characterize
38、d by being _.（分数：2.00）A.effectiveB.childishC.naturalD.conscious(5).What can we know from the last paragraph about the “Eureka“ moments?（分数：2.00）A.They are effective but unconscious.B.They are the sudden realizations and discoveries in our life.C.They are the frustrated and depressed moments in our l
39、ife.D.They are common and unsurprising in work places.This time last year three out of four 16 to 24-year-olds were wearing the white band of Make Poverty History. Whatever the campaign may or may not have achieved in Africa, it briefly inspired millions in Britain.A joy, but also a revelation, for
40、this was the moment when I saw how ready people were to take a little bit of action for a big cause. It may also explain how the small move-ment I helped to found has become a rather large phenomenon. Don“t think changing the world can start by something as simple as shutting down your computer at n
41、ight? Those marching were different crowds from 20 years ago. Make Poverty History made few formal demands. No slogans, no forms, not even meetings if you didn“t fancy them. It was activism litemore a brand than an organization. Show solidarity wherever you gofashionably of coursedo more, if and whe
42、n you can. The future of active citizenship may depend on understanding why it ignited a generation. If social engagement is a funnel (a tube or pipe that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom) turned on its side, about a quarter of a million people in the UK are at the narrow end, serial acti
43、vists, responsible for 80 per cent of our community action. Most charities are here, focusing their efforts on these committed citizens. Our organization, We Are What We Do, is at the mouth of the funnel, targeted at people who don“t recycle or think about fair trade. It is styled as a brand, inspir
44、ing people to make the small changes that will make a big difference if enough of us do the same. Our first bookChange the World for a Fiverfeatured 50 simple actions, from not spitting out your gum to declining plastic bags. All began by doing something small. Some of the 800 who are buying the boo
45、k every day remain usefully but lightly engaged. For our new book, Change the World 9 to5, we decided to focus on the workplace, where most of us spend most of our waking hours. Actions range from the entertaining (smile!); the symbolic (turn off your phone charger when not in use) and the serious (
46、learn to save a life). In working with We Are What We Do I have moved from the view that the sum of individual actions can help to make a difference to the belief that ultimately it is the only thing that ever does. The smallest act has a value of its own.（分数：10.00）(1).The author views people“s wear
47、ing the white band of Make Poverty History as “a revelation“ because（分数：2.00）A.it has achieved a smashing success in AfricaB.it has inspired millions of British peopleC.it shows that the British are ready to take actionsD.it has developed into a large phenomenon(2).The text suggests that the campaig
48、ns twenty years ago _.（分数：2.00）A.were much more informalB.had neither funds nor meetingsC.were much better organizedD.were less active than nowadays(3).The statement “at the mouth of the funnel“ (Para. 3) implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.our organization is the leader of the social engagementB.our organiza
49、tion is the initiator of the social engagementC.our organization encourages people to do small but basic thingsD.our organization“s actions greatly influence the social engagement(4).Which of the following statements is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.The British are all ready to take a little action for a big cause.B.Campaigns nowadays are more formal than th
