1、考研英语-试卷 153 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Fears of “mad cow“ disease spread (1)_ the globe last week (2)_ South Africa, New Zea
2、land and Singapore joining most of Britain“s European Union partners in (3)_ imports of British beef. In London, steak restaurants were empty following the March 20 announcement by scientists that they had found a (4)_ link between mad cow disease from British beef and its human (5)_, Creutzfeldt-Ja
3、kob disease(CJD). Efforts to reassure consumers and governments proved (6)_. France, Germany, Italy, Finland and Greece were among countries which announced bans (7)_ British beef shipments. A committee of EU veterinary experts, meeting in Brussels, (8)_ new protective measures but said transmission
4、 of the disease from cattle to humans was unproven and did not (9)_ a general ban on British beef exports. Britain“s own main consumer group advised people to (10)_ beef if they wanted to be absolutely sure of not (11)_ CJD which destroys the brain and is always (12)_. “Could it be worse than AIDS?“
5、 The stark headline in Friday“s Daily mail newspaper encapsulated the fear and uncertainty (13)_ Britain. CJD (14)_ humans in the same way that BSE makes cows madby eating away nerve cells in the brain (15)_ it looks like a spongy Swiss cheese. The disease is incurable. Victims show (16)_ of dementi
6、a and memory loss and usually die (17)_ six months. Little is known (18)_ sure about the group of diseases known collectively as spongiform encephalopathies, which explains (19)_ some eminent scientists are not prepared to (20)_ a human epidemic of AIDS-like proportions.（分数：40.00）A.inB.onC.overD.aro
7、undA.fromB.withC.uponD.toA.acceptingB.banningC.cancellingD.allowingA.likelyB.likingC.alikeD.likeA.sameB.equivalentC.counterpartD.likenessA.fruitB.fruitfulC.failureD.fruitlessA.onB.inC.overD.forA.have recommendedB.has recommendedC.recommendedD.recommendingA.call onB.call forC.call inD.call forthA.sto
8、p to eatB.stop eatingC.stop to be eatingD.stop not to eatA.to contractB.being contractedC.contractingD.contractA.fatalB.deadlyC.lethalD.mortalA.which is grippingB.to gripC.grippedD.grippingA.affectedB.affectsC.effectD.affectingA.afterB.beforeC.untilD.whenA.marksB.traceC.symbolsD.signsA.afterB.untilC
9、.inD.withinA.inB.ofC.forD.toA.howB.whyC.whatD.whenA.rule offB.rule outC.rule overD.rule of二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Sharks have gained an
10、unfair reputation for being fierce predators of large sea animals. Humanity“s unfounded fear and hatred of these ancient creatures is leading to a worldwide slaughter that may result in the extinction of many larger, coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped attitude of wildlife pro
11、tection: we strive only to protect the beautiful, nonthreatening parts of our environment. And, in our efforts to restore only nonthreatening parts of our earth, we ignore other important parts. A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude towards another large sea animal, the
12、 dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the U.S.A. protested the use of driftnets for tuna fishing in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and economic pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been caug
13、ht in driftnets. In contrast to this effort, the populations of sharks in the Pacific Ocean have decreased to the point of extinction and there has been very little effort by the same environmentalists to save this important species, of marine wildlife. Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth
14、, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years. They are extremely efficient animals, feeding on wounded or dying animals, thus performing an important role in nature of weeding out the weaker animals in a species. Just the fact that species such as the Great White Shark have managed
15、to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of their efficiency and adaptability to changing environments. It is time for humans, who may not survive another 1000 years at the rate they are damaging the planet, to east away their fears and begin considering the protection of
16、sharks as creatures that may provide us insight into our own survival.（分数：10.00）(1).The main focus of this passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.why sharks have such a bad reputationB.how sharks become some of the oldest creatures on earthC.how sharks illustrate a problem in wildlife protectionD.why the campaign
17、to save dolphins was not extended to save sharks(2).About how long have sharks lived on the planet?（分数：2.00）A.25 million years.B.150 million years.C.350 million years.D.500 million years.(3).Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Specific to general.B.Cause
18、 and effect.C.Statement and example.D.Chronological order.(4).How did environmentalists manage to protect dolphins?（分数：2.00）A.They prevented fishermen from selling them for meat.B.They pressured fishermen into protecting dolphins by law.C.They brought political pressure against tuna companies.D.They
19、 created sanctuaries where dolphin fishing was not allowed.(5).What is the author“s attitude in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Explanatory.B.Persuasive.C.Humorous.D.Narrative.In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious association. The Olympian athletic festival held e
20、very four years in honour of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, became first a national event and then, after the rules against foreign competitors had been abolished, international. No one knows exactly how far back the Olympic Games go, but some official records
21、date from 776 B.C. The games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece, but no married woman was admitted even as a spectator. Slaves, women and dishonoured persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is u
22、ncertain, but events included boy“s gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events, though there were fewer sports involved than in the modern Olympic Games. On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honoured by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So grea
23、t was the honour that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling. A
24、fter an uninterrupted history of almost 1200 years, the Games were suspended by the Romans in 394 A.D. They continued for such a long time because people believed in the philosophy behind the Olympics: the idea that a healthy body produced a healthy mind, and that the spirit of competition in sports
25、 and games was preferable to the competition that caused wars. It was over 1500 years before another such international athletic gathering took place in Athens in 1896. Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimmi
26、ng pools and living accommodation, but competing countries pay their own athletes“ expenses. The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun“s rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolized the continuation of th
27、e ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.（分数：10.00）(1).In ancient Greece, the Olympi
28、c Games _.（分数：2.00）A.were merely national athletic festivalsB.were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious colourC.had rules which put foreign participants in s disadvantageous positionD.were primarily national events with few foreign participants(2).In the early days of ancient Ol
29、ympic Games _.（分数：2.00）A.only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the GamesB.all Greeks, irrespective in of sex, religion or social status, were allowed to take partC.all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete in the GamesD.all male Greeks were qualified to compe
30、te in the Games(3).The order of athletic events at the ancient Olympics _.（分数：2.00）A.has not definitely been establishedB.varied according to the number of foreign competitorsC.was decided by Zeus, in whose honour the Games were heldD.was considered unimportant(4).Modern athletes“ results cannot be
31、compared with those of ancient runners because _.（分数：2.00）A.the Greeks had no means of recording the resultsB.they are much betterC.details such as the time were not recorded in the pastD.they are much worse(5).Nowadays, the athletes“ expenses are paid for _.（分数：2.00）A.out of the prize money of the
32、winnersB.out of the funds raised by the competing nationsC.by the athletes themselvesD.by contributionsLet us ask what were the preparation and training Abraham Lincoln had for oratory, whether political or forensic. Born in rude and abject poverty, he never had any education, except what he gave hi
33、mself, till he was approaching manhood. Not even books wherewith to inform and train his mind were within his reach. No school, no university, no legal faculty had any part in training his powers. When he became a lawyer and a politician, the years most favourable to continuous study had already pas
34、sed, and the opportunities he found for reading were very scanty. He knew but few authors in general literature, though he knew those few thoroughly. He taught himself a little mathematics, but he could read no language save his own, and can have had only the faintest acquaintance with European hist
35、ory or with any branch of philosophy. The want of regular education was not made up for by the persons among whom his lot was cast. Till he was a grown man, he never moved in any society from which he could learn those things with which the mind of an orator to be stored. Even after he had gained so
36、me legal practice, there was for many years no one for him to mix with except the petty practitioners of a petty town, men nearly all of whom knew little more than he did himself. Schools gave him nothing, and society gave him nothing. But he had a powerful intellect and a resolute will. Isolation f
37、ostered not only self-reliance but the habit of reflection, and indeed, of prolonged and intense reflection. He made all that he knew a part of himself. His convictions were his ownclear and coherent. He was not positive or opinionated and he did not deny that at certain moments he pondered and hesi
38、tated long before he decided on his course. But though he could keep a policy in suspense, waiting for events to guide him, he did not waver. He paused and reconsidered, but it was never his way to go back on a decision once more or to waste time in vain regrets that all he had expected had not been
39、 attained. He took advice readily and left many things to his ministers; but he did not lean on his advisers. Without vanity or ostentation, he was always independent, self-contained, prepared to take full responsibility for his acts.（分数：10.00）(1).It is said in the second paragraph that Abraham Linc
40、oln _.（分数：2.00）A.was illiterateB.was never educatedC.was educated very lateD.behaved rudely when he was young(2).We are also told that Abraham Lincoln _.（分数：2.00）A.never cared much for readingB.did much reading when he was youngC.never had much chance to readD.became an enthusiastic reader when he w
41、as grown up(3).It is said in the third paragraph that Abraham Lincoln _.（分数：2.00）A.was anti-socialB.learned little from his friendsC.had few friendsD.knew very few doctors(4).The habit of reflection helped Lincoln _.（分数：2.00）A.to develop independenceB.to become more opinionatedC.to attain clear conv
42、ictionsD.to become a hesitant person(5).We may say, taking the passage as a whole, that Lincoln was _.（分数：2.00）A.a failure because of his ignoranceB.a man who triumphed over his disadvantagesC.an exceptionally successful and well-educated personD.an illiterate man, but with some natural talentsThe i
43、dea that, if your house is built in the right position, this may affect your success in life seems strange to many people. However, to believers in Feng-Shui, or the art of geomancy, not only the position but also the choice of decorations and even the color of your home can mean the difference betw
44、een good fortune and disaster. This art has been practiced for centuries in China and is still used all over South East Asia. Even the huge Hong Kong banks call in a geomant if they are planning to build new offices. They have such faith in his knowledge that if he advises them to move, they will al
45、ter their plans for even their biggest buildings. Like many Oriental beliefs the geomant“s skill depends on the idea of harmony in nature. If there is no imbalance between the opposing forces of Yin and Yang, the building will bring luck to its inhabitants. This means that the house must be built on
46、 the right spot as well as facing the right direction, and also be painted an auspicious color. For instance, if there are mountains to the north, this will protest them from evil influences. If the house is painted red, this will bring happiness to the occupants while green symbolizes youth and wil
47、l bring long life. Other factors, such as the owner“s time and date of birth, are taken into account, too. The geomant believes that unless all these are considered when choosing a site for construction, the fortune of the people using it will be at risk. Indeed, to ignore the geomant“s advice can h
48、ave fatal results. The death of the internationally famous Kung-Fu star, Bruce Lee, has been used as an example. It is said that when Lee found out that the house he was living in was an unlucky one, he followed a geomant“s advice and installed an eight-sided mirror outside his front door to bring him luck. Unfortunately, a storm damaged the mirror and the house was left unprotected from harmful influences. Soon afterwards Lee died in mysterious circumstances. Not only is Feng-Shui still use
