1、考研英语-试卷 45及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_There has arisen during this twentieth century (as it arose before, in ages which we li
2、ke to call dark) a pronounced anti intellectualism, a feeling that both studies and literature are not merely vain, but also (1)_ untrustworthy. With people swayed by this wrong (2)_ that there is little use in arguing, either for history or literature, or for poetry or music, or for the arts (3)_.
3、With others, there is still faith that any civilization worthy of the name must be (4)_ in a ceaseless pursuit of truth. Whether truth is (5)_ through study or through the arts makes no difference. Any pursuit of truth is not only (6)_; it is the foundation stone of civilization. The (7)_ for and re
4、ading of history is one of those approaches to truth. It is only ones all the arts and sciences are such (8)_. All have their place; all are good; and each (9)_ with the other. They are not airtight compartments. It is only in a few institutions, subjected to (10)_ misinformation, that events like t
5、he Industrial Revolution are (11)_ entirely to the historians, the social scientists, or the physical scientists. Only within the past hundred years have historians (12)_ that what people have done in literature and art is a part of their history. Books like Uncle Tom“s Cabin have themselves helped
6、to (13)_ history. Even at the moment, when scientific (14)_ becomes more and more specialized and the historian concentrates more and more fiercely on periods and (15)_, it is becoming more (16)_ to the layman that all this is part of one whole. Even on a (n) (17)_ when textbooks are being written t
7、o introduce to the theoretical physicist his colleagues who are working as chemists or engineers on perhaps the same problem, the layman is far enough (18)_ from all this specialization to see the whole, possibly even more clearly than do the (19)_. Between history, biography, the arts and sciences,
8、 and even journalism, who could draw airtight (20)_? Not laymen. Is not yesterday“s newspaper history, and may it not become literature?（分数：40.00）A.anywayB.somehowC.littleD.sometimesA.resentmentB.perceptionC.assertionD.snobbishnessA.in generalB.at stakeC.to a degreeD.under wayA.resultedB.groundedC.c
9、onsistedD.integratedA.stunnedB.retrievedC.moldedD.soughtA.strenuousB.worthwhileC.malignantD.recklessA.excuseB.sympathyC.questD.distasteA.legaciesB.strategiesC.expertiseD.schemesA.interactsB.assimilatesC.coordinatesD.interferesA.discreetB.practicalC.mentalD.moralA.exposedB.attributedC.gearedD.restric
10、tedA.admittedB.confessedC.ensuredD.guaranteedA.ignoreB.makeC.considerD.turnA.speculationB.meditationC.intimidationD.investigationA.intervalsB.spansC.episodesD.gapsA.paradoxicalB.absurdC.feasibleD.obviousA.occasionB.spotC.plightD.dilemmaA.exemptedB.detachedC.securedD.separatedA.amateursB.specialistsC
11、.peersD.pedestriansA.variationsB.differentiationsC.discriminationsD.distinctions二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._“All too often, in the history o
12、f the United States, the school teacher has been in no position to serve as a model to the intellectual life,“ Hofstadter wrote. “Too often he has not only no claims to an intellectual life of his own, but not even an adequate workmanlike competence in the skills he is supposed to impart.“ Harsh wor
13、ds, perhaps, but Hofstadter“s idea makes sense: If teacherson the front line of educationdon“t have an active intellectual life, they“re not likely to communicate a love of learning and critical thinking to their students. In his 1995 book, Out of Our Minds: Anti-Intellectualism and Talent Developme
14、nt in American Schools, Craig Howley cites several studies about the education and habits of public school teachers. According to one study, prospective teachers take fewer liberal arts courses than their counterparts in other arts and science majorsand fewer upper-division courses in any subject ex
15、cept pedagogy. It appears, Howley writes, that prospective teachers do not often make a special effort during their college years to pursue advanced study in fields other than pedagogy. Frequent reading of literature in academic fields is the mark of the scholar, Howley says, so it“s logical to look
16、 at teachers“ reading habits. Readers tend to be more reflective and more critical than nonreaders, argues Howley, who found that studies of teachers“ reading showed two patterns: One is that teachers don“t read very muchon average, just 3.2 books a year. (In fact, 11 percent of those surveyed said
17、they had not read a single book during the current year.) The second pattern is that when teachers do read, they prefer popular books rather than scholarly or professional literature. Of those who were reading about education, most were reading books intended for the general public. It“s true that U
18、.S. teachers have traditionally been poorly paid and not well respected, which means that the best and the brightest are often not attracted to teaching. But until teachers can be role models and exhibit their own love of learning and academics, the children won“t get it. “Create a culture among the
19、 adults, a community of adults who are learners, who are excited a bout ideas in the other disciplines,“ says Deborah Meier, educator and author of The Power of Their Ideas. “The school must represent the culture it wants to encourage. If we want kids to feel that an intellectual life belongs to the
20、m, it must belong to the teacher, too.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to Hofstadter, American teachers（分数：2.00）A.serve as models to the intellectual life.B.are not active in their intellectual life.C.only work as adequate workman.D.play an very important role in the society.(2).In Craig Howley“s opinion, p
21、rospective teachers should（分数：2.00）A.learn mom about pedagogy.B.be active on the front line of education.C.take more courses in liberal arts.D.learn from their counterparts majored in science.(3).The author quoted the studies of teachers“ reading to show that（分数：2.00）A.Howley conducted sophisticated
22、 researches.B.there are two patterns of teachers“ reading.C.teachers should read more books.D.the reading patterns lead to the present situation of American teachers.(4).The word “it“ (Line 3, Paragraph 5) most probably refers to（分数：2.00）A.the state of being respected and well-paid.B.the wish to bec
23、ome the best and brightest students.C.a culture among the adults that embrace new ideas.D.the passion for learning and academics.(5).It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that（分数：2.00）A.the brightest students will choose to work as teachers.B.teachers will read academic books in their spar
24、e time.C.teachers play key roles in building intellectual culture.D.the social status of American teachers is quite high nowadays.For almost ten years, Noel Heath and Glenroy Matthew, better known as “Zambo“ and “Bobo“, have escaped attempts by the United States to extradite them from their homes on
25、 the pretty little island of St. Kitts to face charges of cocaine trafficking. Their creative legal team has twice taken the case to the Privy Council in London, still the final appeal court for most of Britain“s former Caribbean colonies. Both times, most recently last November, a panel of British
26、law lords ruled that they should be extradited “with the utmost expedition“. “Zambo“ and “Bobo“ are well-connected in St Kitts. They have lived on bail for a decade, be fore being locked up last month. Their lawyers hit back with a habeas corpus writ, to be heard on January 18th. If that fails, the
27、way is open for officials to put the two on a plane. For reasons of principle, or of friendships in tight-knit communities, or both, Caribbean countries have been reluctant to extradite their own nationals. The Caribbean has also become something of a heaven for foreigners wanted elsewhere in the wo
28、rld. This may now change. The next important test comes in May, when the Privy Council will rule on Samuel “Ninety“ Knowles, a Bahamian who has held out since 2000 against a charge by a grand jury in Florida. Procedural complexities and powerful lawyers may still stop extraditions. In September in B
29、elize, Dean Barrow, a lawyer who is also the leader of the parliamentary opposition, hedged an American attempt to extradite a drug suspect. He found mistakes in supporting paperwork, which excluded the use of vital wiretap evidence. Extradition of foreigners, especially to their home country, is of
30、ten easier. Viktor Kozeny, a Czech-born resident of the Bahamas, has been held in Nassau since October. He is wanted in New York for corruption stemming from the privatisation of Azerbaijan“s oil company, and faces other charges in Prague. Mr. Kozeny will fight hard. His lawyers include Philip Davis
31、, a member of parliament for the governing party and former legal partner of the prime minister. Even so, the authorities seem reluctant to grant bail. Perhaps that is because Mr. Kozeny holds a pilot“s licence and Irish and Venezuelan passports. He was once a diplomat for Grenada. Non-citizens are
32、sometimes simply expelled. Two Belizean women picked up $50,000 each on the Oprah Winfrey Show in October, their reward for spotting an alleged rapist from the United States who was sent home two days later for trial. It is rarely so quick or easy.（分数：10.00）(1).Noel Heath and Glenroy Matthew are pro
33、bably（分数：2.00）A.citizens of the U.S.B.traffickers in Caribbean.C.citizens of the U.K.D.nationals in St. Kitts.(2).The Caribbean became something of a heaven because（分数：2.00）A.it has heaven-like scenery.B.it welcomes all people from other parts of the world.C.it protects people from being extradited.
34、D.it is a paradise for criminals.(3).Why is the name Dean Barrow mentioned in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.He is an expert in the complex legal procedures.B.He found mistakes in supporting paperwork.C.He helped to stop an extradition.D.He is an example of powerful lawyers.(4).The description of Mr. Kozen
35、y“s case shows（分数：2.00）A.corruption will not be granted bail.B.foreigners can be difficultly extradited to their own country.C.Mr. Kozeny will be extradited to Czech.D.extradition can be easier for people like him.(5).From the text we can conclude that the author（分数：2.00）A.takes a detached attitude.
36、B.is supportive of extradition.C.is against extradition.D.has sympathy for people who are extradited.After Wall Street closed one recent Friday, a young man in jeans and a sports jacket strode into the showroom of the Classic Car Club of Manhattan, a few blocks north of Tribeca. He paced between an
37、Aston Martin V8, a Rolls-Royce Corniche, two vintage Ferraris and a dozen others, eager to find something for a night out. Ten minutes later he zipped through the hangar doors in a 2005 Lotus Elise, a bright red, curvy little number. There was no bill to pay and no insurance form to sign. Luxury-car
38、 clubs are well established in Europe. Now they are catching on in the United States. The idea is that for an annual membership fee, plus (sometimes) a weekly charge, members can have their choice of smart cars. Ron Van Horssen, who recently opened a club near Phoenix, says the model is based on exe
39、cutive-jet sharing. Rich people, he thinks, are realising that “owning an asset is not necessarily the best way of getting the benefits of using it“. A spin in a Van Horssen Ferrari Maranello costs $4,500 per week, plus the $7,000 annual fee. No one needs to worry about maintenance or inspections-an
40、d, as price tags on new Lamborghinis and Bentleys have climbed, the rich can even save a bit of money. Only a handful of clubs exist now in America, and none has national scope. Club Sportiva, a pioneer when it opened three years ago, is in San Francisco and San Jose; Exotic Car Share is in Chicago
41、and New York. The Classic Car Club, a British firm, opened its Manhattan branch last July. But most are looking to expand. Torbin Fuller of Club Sportiva predicts that: “We“ll be national here in the next two to three years.“ A variant on the formula is offered by exotic rental-car companies, which
42、have no annual membership fee, and rent out cars for a day or a week. They are growing too. Dream Car Rentals, a Las Vegas firm with a fleet of 140, is opening a new branch at Fisherman“s Wharf in San Francisco. Many of the company“s Las Vegas customers are Europeans, and female clients come in only
43、 “once in a blue moon,“ says Gavin Mate, a manager. The mainstream rental-car companies have also spotted the trend, and are determined not to be left behind. In 2001 Hertz launched its “Prestige Collection“, with Jaguars and Lincoln Navigators and special services such as free pick-up. That busines
44、s, claims Hertz, has been an “unmitigated success“ and continues to expand. Enterprise, the largest rental company in North America, reports a nearly 45% jump in luxury-car rentals in the year to October 2005. And with Wall Street bonuses soaring, 2006 is looking pretty good as well.（分数：10.00）(1).A
45、young man choosing a car is noted to suggest that（分数：2.00）A.young people are now living a luxurious life.B.luxurious cars are very expensive.C.luxury-car club is now very popular.D.renting a car from a club is easy and convenient.(2).We can conclude from the second paragraph that in Ron Van Horssen“
46、s club（分数：2.00）A.most members are rich people.B.members should pay annually plus weekly rent.C.members share some part of the maintenance or inspections fees.D.executive-jet sharing service is also available.(3).By saying “a variant on the formula“ (Line 1, Paragraph 4), the author means that（分数：2.0
47、0）A.luxury-car rental is a new business.B.foreign car-rental business is different from luxury-car clubs.C.rental-car companies run in different ways.D.rental-car business is newly developing.(4).The “prestige Collection“ business of Hertz is（分数：2.00）A.decreasing,B.just about to begin.C.absolutely m
48、aking good.D.gaining some profits.(5).The author seems to be mainly concerned with（分数：2.00）A.the mainstream rental-car companies.B.the exotic rental-car companies.C.luxury-car rental business.D.luxury-car clubs.As childhood-obesity rates skyrocket, doctors are seeing an alarming rise in a costly disease once unheard of in children: type 2 diabetes. Unlike type 1, or “juvenile“ diabetesan autoimmune disorder in which the pancreas stops producing insulintype 2 diabetes is linked to diet and lifestyle. It usually develops only in individuals wh
