1、考研英语-试卷 66及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_With the spread of inter-active electronic media a man alone in his own home will never
2、 have been so well placed to fill the inexplicable mental space between cradle and crematorium. So I suspect that books will be pushed more and more into those moments of travel or difficult defecation (1)_ people still don“t quite know what to do with. When people do read, I think they“ll want to f
3、eel they are reading literature, or (2)_ something serious. (3)_ you“re going to find fewer books presenting themselves as no-nonsense and (4)_ assuming literary pretensions and being packaged as works of art. We can expect an extraordinary variety of genre, but with an underlying (5)_ of sentiment
4、and vision. Translators can only (6)_ from this desire for the presumably sophisticated. We can look forward to lots of difficult names and fantastic stories of foreign parts enthusiastically (7)_ by the overall worship of the “global village“. Much of this will be awful and some wonderful, (8)_ don
5、“t expect the press or the organizers of prizes to offer you much help in making the appropriate distinctions. They will be chiefly (9)_ in creating celebrity, the greatest enemy of discrimination, but a good prop for the (10)_ consumer. Every ethnic grouping over the world will have to be seen to h
6、ave a great writera phenomenon that will (11)_ a new kind of provincialism, more chronological than geographic, (12)_ only the strictly contemporary is talked about and (13)_ Universities, including Cambridge, will include (14)_ their literature syllabus novels, written only last year. (15)_ occasio
7、nal exhumation for the Nobel, the achievements of ten or only five years ago will be largely forgotten. In short, you can“t go too far wrong when predicting more of the same. But there is a (16)_ side to thisthe inevitable reaction against it. The practical things I would like to see happenpublisher
8、s seeking less to (17)_ celebrity through extravagant advertising, (18)_ and magazines (19)_ space to reflective piecesare rather more improbable than the Second Coming(耶稣复临). But dullness never quite darkens the whole planet. In their own idiosyncratic fashion a few writers will (20)_ be looking fo
9、r new departures.（分数：40.00）A.whenB.thatC.whichD.whereA.in particularB.in generalC.at leastD.by contrastA.SoB.YetC.OnceD.SinceA.fewerB.moreC.lessD.muchA.varietyB.mechanismC.monotoneD.conformityA.benefitB.deriveC.differD.deviateA.contaminatedB.containedC.sustainedD.maintainedA.butB.soC.forD.asA.dedica
10、tedB.concernedC.engagedD.preoccupiedA.devotedB.confusedC.sensibleD.isolatedA.lead toB.point toC.come toD.turn toA.whichB.whereC.whenD.whatA.admiredB.admittedC.abdicatedD.adheredA.atB.inC.onD.forA.GivenB.ConsideringC.BarringD.ConcerningA.negativeB.positiveC.paradoxicalD.controversialA.preventB.explor
11、eC.prohibitD.generateA.NewspapersB.BooksC.MediaD.PeriodicalsA.givesB.givingC.to giveD.giveA.alwaysB.neverC.seldomD.hardly二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,
12、 C or D._A factory that makes uranium fuel for nuclear reactors had a spill so bad it kept the plant closed for seven months last year and became one of only three events in all of 2006 serious enough for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to include in an annual report to Congress. After an investig
13、ation, the commission changed the terms of the factory“s license and said the public had 20 days to request a hearing on the changes. But no member of the public ever did. In fact, no member of the public could find out about the changes. The document describing them, including the notice of hearing
14、 rights for anyone who felt adversely affected, was stamped “official use only“, meaning that it was not publicly accessible. The agency would not even have told Congress which factory was involved were it not for the efforts of Gregory B. Jaczko, one of the five commissioners. Mr. Jaczko identified
15、 the company, Nuclear Fuel Services of Erwin, Tenn, in a memorandum that became part of the public record. His memorandum said other public documents would allow an informed person to deduce that the factory belonged to Nuclear Fuel Services. Such secrecy by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is now
16、coming under attack by influential members of Congress. These lawmakers argue that the agency is withholding numerous documents about nuclear facilities in the name of national security, but that many withheld documents are not sensitive. The lawmakers say the agency must rebalance its penchant for
17、secrecy with the public“s right to participate in the licensing process and its right to know about potential hazards. The agency, the congressmen said, “has removed hundreds of in nocuous documents relating to the N.F.S. plant from public view“. With a resurgence of nuclear plant construction expec
18、ted after a 30-year hiatus, agency officials say frequently that they are trying to strike a balance between winning public confidence by regulating openly and protecting sensitive information. A commission spokesman, Scott Burnell, said the “official use only“ designation was under review. As laid
19、out by the commission“s report to Congress and other sources, the event at the Nuclear Fuel Service factory was discovered when a supervisor saw a yellow liquid dribbling under a door and into a hallway. Workers had previously described a yellow liquid in a “glove box“, a sealed container with glove
20、s built into the sides to allow a technician to manipulate objects inside, but managers had decided it was ordinary uranium. In fact, it was highly enriched uranium that had been declared surplus from the weapons inventory of the Energy Department and sent to the plant to be diluted to a strength ap
21、propriate for a civilian reactor. If the material had gone critical, “it is likely that at least one worker would have received an exposure high enough to cause acute health effects or death“, the commission said. Generally, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission does describe nuclear incidents and chang
22、es in licenses. But in 2004, according to the committee“s letter, the Office of Naval Reactors, part of the Energy Department, reached an agreement with the commission that any correspondence with Nuclear Fuel Services would be marked “official use only“.（分数：10.00）(1).Why did no member of the public
23、 request any hearing?（分数：2.00）A.Because the general public often show no interest in such matters.B.Because the hearing rights of the public are adversely affected.C.Because the public has stamped the documents “official use only“.D.Because the public are not aware of the changes in the first place.
24、(2).It can be inferred from the first three paragraphs that（分数：2.00）A.the public have access to Mr. Jaczko“s memorandum.B.the agency never told Congress which factory was involved.C.the Nuclear Fuel Services is a non-profitable government company.D.documents marked “Official Use Only“ axe accessible
25、 to the informed.(3).NRC is criticized by Congress members chiefly because（分数：2.00）A.law makers draw the conclusion that NRC has illegal documents.B.they think NRC is hiding more information than it should be.C.the public have the rights to know any potential hazards.D.they think nuclear facilities
26、are not a matter of national security.(4).The word “innocuous“(last sentence, paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.insensitive.B.confidential.C.innocent.D.harmful(5).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：2.00）A.The 2006 incidence occurred because of the carelessness of
27、a supervisor.B.Yellow liquids in a glove box should always be handled with heed.C.Highly enriched uranium can be diluted for civilian uses.D.At least one worker has been seriously affected in the 2006 incidence.The history of modern pollution problems shows that most have resulted from negligence an
28、d ignorance. We have an appalling tendency to interfere with nature before all of the possible consequences of our actions have been studied in depth. We produce and distribute radioactive substances, synthetic chemicals and many other potent compounds before fully comprehending their effects on liv
29、ing organisms. Our education is dangerously incomplete. It will be argued that the purpose of science is to move into unknown territory, to explore, and to discover. It can be said that similar risks have been taken before, and that these risks are necessary to technological progress. These argument
30、s overlook an important element. In the past, risks taken in the name of scientific progress were restricted to a small place and brief period of time. The effects of the processes we now strive to master are neither localized nor brief. Air pollution covers vast urban areas. Ocean pollutants have b
31、een discovered in nearly every part of the world. Synthetic chemicals spread over huge stretches of forest and farmland may remain in the soil for decades and years to come. Radioactive pollutants will be found in the biosphere for generations. The size and persistence of these problems have grown w
32、ith the expanding power of modern science. One might also argue that the hazards of modern pollutants are small compared with the dangers associated with other human activity. No estimate of the actual harm done by smog, fallout, or chemical residues can obscure the reality that the risks are being
33、taken before being fully understood. The importance of these issues lies in the failure of science to predict and control human intervention into natural processes. The true measure of the danger is represented by the hazards we will encounter if we enter the new age of technology without first eval
34、uating our responsibility to environment.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following adjectives may best describe the tone of this text?（分数：2.00）A.Unconcerned.B.Humorous.C.Serious.D.Exaggerated.(2).The text is mainly about.（分数：2.00）A.the nature of scientific progress.B.the relationship between the progress
35、 of science and pollution.Ccertain factors that harm the circumstance.D.the awareness of our responsibility to environment.(3).The author would most probably agree that the origin of environmental pollution lies in（分数：2.00）A.the indifference to the condition of the environment.B.the lack of the abil
36、ity to control the progress of science.C.the inability of science to deal with certain human endeavors.D.the ignorance of the disposal of pollutants.(4).As used in the second sentence of the first paragraph, the phrase “in depth“ means（分数：2.00）A.fully and thoroughly.B.distantly and remotely.C.seriou
37、sly and extent.D.strongly and unpleasantly.(5).What the people really ignore in the debate is that（分数：2.00）A.the effects of the modern pollutants on the living organisms.B.the present situation is remarkedly different from the past.C.the stress of progress of science to the neglect of environmental
38、protection.D.the serious consequence followed by the development of science.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We
39、 do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will f
40、ind the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Anima
41、ls fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficientlythis, after all, is what conquerors and general
42、s have doneis not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has k
43、illed most has worn And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right. That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which mil
44、lions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streetswhile, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily lifenations and countries have not learnt to do this yet,
45、and still behave like savages. But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the ear
46、th in the form of jellyfish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose
47、that we reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oc
48、eans of time in which to learn better. Taking man“s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that is to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth, at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We must not expect e
