1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 212 及答案解析(总分：144.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Behind closed doors in the Bavarian town of Ansbach a new factory is taking shape
2、. 【C1】_ it will use robots and 【C2】_ production techniques such as additive manufacturing (known as 3D printing) is not surprising for Germany, which has maintained its manufacturing base 【C3】_ innovative engineering. 【C4】_ is unique about this factory is that it will not be making cars, aircraft or
3、 electronics 【C5】_ trainers and other sports shoesan $80bn-a-year industry that has been 【C6】_ largely to China, Indonesia and Vietnam. 【C7】_ bringing production home, this factory is out to reinvent an industry. The Speedfactory, as the Ansbach plant is called, belongs to Adidas, a giant German spo
4、rts-goods firm, and is being built with Oechsler Motion, a local firm 【C8】_ makes manufacturing equipment. Production is 【C9】_ to begin in mid-2017, slowly at first and then 【C10】_ to 500,000 pairs of trainers a year. Adidas is 【C11】_ a second Speedfactory near Adanta for the American market. 【C12】_
5、 all goes well, they will spring up elsewhere, too. The numbers are 【C13】_ for a company that makes some 300m pairs of sports shoes each year. Yet Adidas is 【C14】_ the Speedfactory will help it to transform the way trainers are created. The techniques it 【C15】_ from the project can then be rolled ou
6、t to other new factories 【C16】_ to existing ones, including in Asia 【C17】_ demand for sports and casual wear is rising along with consumer wealth. Currently, trainers are made mostly by hand in giant factories, often in Asian countries, with people 【C18】_ components or shaping, bonding and sewing ma
7、terials. Rising prosperity in the region means the cost of manual work outsourced to the region is rising. Labour shortages 【C19】_ . Certain jobs require craft skills which are becoming rarer; many people now have the wherewithal to avoid tasks that can be dirty or 【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）
8、A.WhichB.WhenC.WhereD.That(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.novelB.obsoleteC.powerfulD.usual(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.onB.throughC.inD.with(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.ThatB.ThisC.WhatD.Which(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.norB.butC.orD.until(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.onshoredB.inshoredC.offshoredD.inlanded(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.ByB.InC.ForD.After(8).【C8】
9、（分数：2.00）A.whoB.thatC.whereD.what(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.ableB.dueC.sureD.bound(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.ramping upB.spreading aroundC.raising upD.bringing down(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.constructingB.constitutingC.facilitatingD.organizing(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.ThoughB.BecauseC.SinceD.If(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.confusing
10、B.vagueC.tinyD.appalling(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.confirmedB.convincedC.agreedD.determined(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.sets upB.picks upC.builds upD.gives up(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.as well asB.in additionC.as regardD.because of(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.assemblingB.accumulating
11、C.implementingD.distributing(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.vanishB.declineC.loomD.overcome(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.impetuousB.spontaneousC.pleasantD.monotonous二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：60.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below eac
12、h text by choosing A, B, C or D._Visiting Disney World without your children is risky. What if they find out? Your happy home will become an inferno of tantrums and broken crockery. Nonetheless, gambling that five-year-olds do not read The Economist closely, your correspondent went to Orlando, stric
13、tly for research, on a warm day in January. The park is overwhelming. The queue for the “Pirates of the Caribbean“ ride is nearly an hour long, according to the helpful warning sign at the entrance. The yowl of the Yeti echoes from the newly completed Mount Everest. The crowds throng as densely as p
14、ilgrims in Mecca, only they do it all year round and in brighter shirts. People seem to like the place. Walt Disney could have built his biggest theme park anywhere. He chose Florida. The weather is balmy, and when it gets too hot there are lots of pools to cool off in, says Meg Crofton, Walt Dis ne
15、y Worlds CEO. Florida also offers plenty of space to expand. Disney World, which was first carved out of wild woodland in 1971, has swollen to four parks covering 40 square miles (104 sq km) and employing 60,000 “cast members“. Contrary to the stereotype of rapid churn in the serv ice sector, the av
16、erage full-time employee sticks around for nine years. Floridas business climate is sunny, too. The Milken Institute, a think-tank in California, compiles an index of “best-performing cities“ in America, a composite measure of such things as job creation, wage growth and whether businesses are thriv
17、ing. In the most recent index, six of the top ten metropolitan areas are in Florida. (Orlando-Kissimmee is sixth.) And 18 of the top 30 are in the South. For a long time the Souths weather got in the way of its development . Richard Pillsbury, a ge ography professor at Georgia State University, desc
18、ribes traditional life in the lowland South, a re gion stretching from northern Virginia down to the Gulf coast of Texas: “Smallish hardscrabble farms almost lost in the white heat of a sweltering summer sun as the owners and their help fought swarms of mosquitoes to plant, cultivate and harvest the
19、 meagre cotton crop for market.“ Then came air-conditioning. As it spread after the second world war, the South became suddenly more comfortable to live and work in. From the 1940s until the 1980s the region boomed. In his book “Old South, New South“, Gavin Wright lists four reasons why. Federal def
20、ence spending stimulated growth. Sunshine attracted skilled professionals. The South, having developed so little in the past, was a “clean slate“, without strong labour unions, entrenched bureaucracies, restrictive laws or outdated machinery. Lastly, given how much catching up the South had to do, t
21、he potential returns were higher than in the north. Southerners have prospered in part by playing to their traditional strengths. The fame of southern hospitality has bolstered the regions hotel chains, such as Holiday Inn. That of southern cuisine helps local restaurants, such as Waffle House, Crac
22、ker Barrel and KFC. Arkansas-based Wal-Mart, the worlds largest retailer, has kept costs low by refusing to recognise unions. And Coca-Cola owes at least some of its success to its southern origins.（分数：10.00）(1).In contrast to Disney World, one of the characters in the service sector is that _.（分数：2
23、.00）A.most of the staff are full-timeB.most of the staff are part-timeC.workers are reluctant to be employed in a company for longD.most companies run smoothly less than nine years(2).When mentioning “the Souths weather got in the way of its development“ (Line 1, Para. 5) , the author is talking abo
24、ut _.（分数：2.00）A.the reason why Walt Disney chose FloridaB.the reason why air-conditioning spread in the SouthC.the Souths weather obstructed the progress of developmentD.the key factor to the success of the South(3).In “Old South, New South“, Gavin Wright believes that _.（分数：2.00）A.the more investme
25、nt, the more returns in the SouthB.labour unions get in the way of development of the NorthC.more experts came to the South because of its climateD.the legal environment plays a part in the development of the South(4).Which of the following best defines the Word “bolster“ (Line 2, Para. 7)?（分数：2.00）
26、A.To flourish.B.To reinforce.C.To cushion.D.To blossom.(5).The passage intends to express the idea that _.（分数：2.00）A.the reason why Walt Disney chose FloridaB.the reason why the South is a great place to work inC.the history of the development of the SouthD.the reason why the South is superior to th
27、e NorthThe decision of the American Medical Association (AMA) to classify obesity as a disease is great news for the pharmaceutical industry, as it is likely to increase pressure on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to approve more weight-loss drugs and increase the odds that insurance companie
28、s will reimburse their cost. But it is deeply misleading. Treating obesity as a disease implies that moving into the category of obesity, which for adults means moving from a body-mass index (BMI) of 29 to a BMI of 30, is equivalent to contracting a disease. But that is simply not the case. Yes, the
29、re are certain health risks associated with having an elevated BMI, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. More broadly, a higher BMI is associated with a greater risk of cardiometa-bolic abnormalities. Nonetheless, almost one quarter of “normal weight“ people also have metabolic abnormalities,
30、and more than half of “overweight“ and almost one third of “obese“ people have normal profiles, according to a 2008 study. Thats 16 million normal-weight Americans who have metabolic abnormalities and 20 million obese (or 56 million overweight and obese) Americans who have no such abnormalities. One
31、 explanation for this discrepancy is that physical fitness and/or nutritionrather than weight per semay be what really matters. Several studies have shown that physically fit “obese“ individuals have lower incidence of heart disease and mortality from all causes than do sedentary people of “normal“
32、weight. A recent clinical trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine showed that adopting a Mediterranean diet reduced cardiovascular risk independent of weight loss. Some assume that the problem lies with BMI as a measure, which does not distinguish between fat, muscle and bone. While B
33、MI is indeed a flawed measure, it is not clear that there are better ones. A 2009 study also found no systematic differences between BMI and other variables. In other words, it is not just that BMI is a poor measure of obesity but that obesity is a poor predictor of health. Some hope that designatin
34、g obesity as a disease will remove the stigma associated with it, and obese people will no longer be blamed for their condition. Yet already it is being called the “fork to mouth“ disease, and the disease categorization may reinforce blame by raising the stakes. If obesity is a disease, parents of f
35、at children may not merely be silently judged as bad parents but also accused of neglect and child endangerment. If the AMAs goal is to address the serious diseases of type 2 diabetes and heart disease, it would be more productive and accurate for the association to urge doctors to focus on cardiome
36、tabolic risk, recognizing that there are both metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy individuals in all categories of weight. Rather than promote weight loss per se, doctors should instead encourage their patients of all sizes to incorporate physical activity and a balanced diet into thei
37、r lives.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, which of the following is a possible consequence of classifying obesity as a disease?（分数：2.00）A.It will help enhance the publics health in the long run.B.FDA will probably approve more medicines for weight loss.C.More insurers will be trapped in financ
38、ial crisis for covering weight-loss treatment.D.It will help improve research and treatment for type 2 diabetes and heart disease.(2).According to the passage, who of the following is most likely to suffer from heart disease?（分数：2.00）A.Normal weight people who are physically fit.B.Obese people who a
39、re physically active and healthy.C.Normal people who have a sedentary lifestyle.D.Normal people who have a Mediterranean diet.(3).According to the passage, what can be learned about BMI?（分数：2.00）A.The BMI calculation doesnt take age into account.B.There will be better tools to measure ones health th
40、an BMI.C.It can identify the exact amount of fat, muscle and bone in ones body respectively.D.It cannot be regarded as a reliable indicator of ones health.(4).According to the passage, if obesity is a disease, _.（分数：2.00）A.obese kids will be obliged to have it treated by taking drugsB.people will no
41、t hold stereotyped opinions about obese peopleC.it will remove obese people from personal responsibilityD.parents will be charged if their children are overweight(5).What is the authors attitude towards AMAs decision to recognize obesity as a disease?（分数：2.00）A.Critical.B.Suspicious.C.Pessimistic.D.
42、Optimistic.There is, writes Daniele Fanelli in a recent issue of Nature, something rotten in the state of scientific research“an epidemic of false, biased, and falsified findings“ where “only the most egregious cases of misconduct are discovered and punished.“ Fanelli is a leading thinker in an incr
43、easingly alarming field of scientific research: one that seeks to find out why it is that so much scientific research turns out to be wrong. For a long time the focus has either been on industry funding as a source of bias, particularly in drug research, or on those who deliberately commit fraud, su
44、ch as the spectacular case of Diederik Sta-pel, a Dutch social psychologist who was found to have fabricated at least 55 research papers over 20 years. But an increasing number of studies have shown that flawed research is a much wider phenomenon, especially in the biomedical sciences. Indeed, the i
45、nvestigation into Stapel also blamed a “sloppy“ research culture that often ignored inconvenient data and misunderstood important statistical methods. “Theres little question that the scientific literature is awash(充斥着) in false findingsfindings that if you try to replicate youll probably never succ
46、eed or at least find them to be different from what was initially said,“ says Fanelli, “But people dont appreciate that this is not because scientists are manipulating these results, consciously or unconsciously; its largely because we have a system that favors statistical flukes instead of replicab
47、le findings.“ This is why, he says, we need to extend the idea of academic misconduct (currently limited to fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism) to “distorted reporting“the failure to communicate all the information someone would need to validate your findings. Right now, he says, were missing
48、 all the “ unconscious biases, the systemic biases. the practices, mistakes, and problems that hardly ever count as cheating , even though they have a very important and probably the largest effect on creating technically false results in the literature.“ One particularly challenging bias is that academic journals tend to publish only positive results. As Isabelle Boutron, a professor of epidemiology at Ren Descartes University in Paris, points out, studies have shown that p
