1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 131 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Kelly Sortino had a tough time recalling what she d accomplished at the end of ea
2、ch busy workday. Her job as head of the upper school for the Crystal Springs Uplands School in Hillsborough, Calif., often【C1】_working 12-hour days, including weekends and evenings. She enjoyed the【C2】_but worried that she wasn t accomplishing everything she needed to. “I felt as if I wasn t really
3、having the time to do more of the strategic and 【C3】_ work to make those larger changes at the school.“ says Ms. Sortino. She decided to【C4】_a workshop at Stanford University on how to simplify work processes and reduce waste. She learned,【C5】_, to block out her time more efficiently and minimize di
4、stractions. She also 【C6】_ herself to systematically completing her daily task list and to completely clearing her email inbox and workspace on a regular【C7】_. The changes【C8】_a marked improvement in her time management. Ms. Sortino 【C9】_ works on weekends, but only as needed. Its a tough time to be
5、 productive. Globalization, increased competition and the jarring immediacy of technology have made it difficult for modern employees to【C10】_on top of their growing workloads while maintaining a good work-life balance.【C11】_, experts say small adjustments to how employees【C12】_work can have a big i
6、mpact on their workplace efficiency. Learn to prioritize and to commit yourself to working in【C13】_blocks of time throughout the day. A 2009 Stanford University study found that multitasking is less productive than single-tasking and that many self-proclaimed multitaskers have difficulty【C14】_out ir
7、relevant information, further【C15】_their performance. Its especially important to【C16】_what motivates the decisions your boss makes. Most subordinates have an employee-centric view【C17】_their managers, which tends not to be accurate. A better understanding of your boss can help you to “sell“ the adv
8、ice about【C18】_changes that can benefit the department and company.【C19】_with your boss to prioritize important work and eliminate unproductive tasks. Employees may think changing job functions is risky,【C20】_being proactive can impress your boss.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.requiredB.forcedC.compel
9、ledD.requested(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.titleB.overtimeC.recallD.work(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.complicatedB.visioningC.importantD.regular(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.participateB.haveC.startD.take(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.by the wayB.in factC.for exampleD.in particular(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.contributeB.commitC.askD.allow(7).【C7】（分数：2
10、.00）A.scaleB.amountC.basisD.time(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.madeB.followedC.meantD.produced(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.stillB.alsoC.seldomD.sometimes(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.relaxB.competeC.stayD.work(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.BesidesB.ThereforeC.FortunatelyD.Otherwise(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.stick toB.think aboutC.start withD.tak
11、e over(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.uninterruptedB.individualC.countableD.separated(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.figuringB.findingC.pickingD.filtering(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.increaseB.diminishC.accumulateD.destroy(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.guessB.understandC.collectD.imagine(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.inB.onC.forD.of(18).【C18】（分数：2.
12、00）A.processB.timeC.staffD.system(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.AccompanyB.OperateC.FollowD.Work(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.butB.andC.soD.unless二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing
13、 A, B, C or D._It took some time to figure out just the right shopping complex, off just the right highway interchange and just the right distance from Seoul, that could accommodate a 624,000-square-foot storethat is to say, one more than three times the size of the average Wal-Mart Supercenter. It
14、took more time to solve certain mysteries, like how big to make the store s children s section in a country where kids are often given ample space in the family living quarters. It took more time to figure out how to showcase kitchens that incorporate kimchi refrigerators, a uniquely Korean applianc
15、e and even more time to untangle nuances of the market, like the South Korean s preference for metal chopsticks. In all, it took about six years for Ikea to unveil its inaugural store in South Korea, in Gwangmyeong, starting from the first scouting trip. The lag was typically Ikean. But six years? “
16、The more global, the more complex it gets,“ replies Mikael Palmquist, the regional manager of retail for Asia Pacific. “We need to get these things right or we will never be taken seriously.“ Today the Gwangmyeong store, which is the companys largest in the world by shopping area, is on track to bec
17、ome one of Ikea s top-performing outlets for 2015. The success is hardly a fluke . Ikea, it seems, is a genius at selling Ikeaflat packing, transporting, and reassembling its quirky Swedish styling all across the planet. The furniture and furnishings brand is in more countries than Wal-Mart and Carr
18、efour. China, where Ikea has eight of its 10 biggest stores, is the company s fastest-growing market. An outlet in Morocco is coming soon, and there are hints that Brazil may not be far off. Meanwhile, Ikea is going meatballs out in India, where it plans to invest about $2 billion over a decade to o
19、pen 10 stores. Getting it right in emerging markets like China and India, where Ikea is well-positioned to capitalize on a growing middle class, is a key factor in its goal of hitting 50 billion in sales by 2020. Thats up from 28.7 billion in its fiscal 2014 and almost double its 2005 sales level. T
20、oday the Ikea Group has 318 stores, not including the brand s some four dozen franchised locations; it s aiming for around 500 by 2020.（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph is used to illustrate that_.（分数：2.00）A.it took more time to figure out a right shopping complexB.it was tricky to make an ample chi
21、ldren s section in a storeC.it was time-consuming to untangle nuances of the Korean marketD.the lag is the unique feature of Ikea to open new stores(2).Ikea doesn t expand too rapidly because_.（分数：2.00）A.it is a global companyB.the expansion is too complexC.it is difficult to get things rightD.it ne
22、eds to be taken seriously by customers(3).The phrase “a fluke“(Para. 4)probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.an effortB.good luckC.an opportunityD.a necessity(4).According to the text, Ikea is a genius at all of the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.selling its furnitureB.selling its furnishingsC.reassembling Swedi
23、sh styleD.expanding outlets(5).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Ikea is aiming for around 500 stores by 2020.B.South Korean is Ikea s fastest-growing market.C.Brazil may be one of Ikeas emerging markets.D.Ikea plans to capitalize on middle classes in India.“Is it a vital interest of the
24、 state to have more anthropologists?“ Rick Scott, the Florida governor, once asked. A leader of a prominent Internet company once told me that the firm regards admission to Harvard as a useful proof of talent, but a college education itself as useless. Parents and students themselves are acting on t
25、hese principles, retreating from the humanities. Ive been thinking about this after reading Fareed Zakarias smart new book, In Defense of a Liberal Education. Like Mr. Zakaria, I think that the liberal arts teach critical thinking. So, to answer the skeptics, here are my three reasons the humanities
26、 enrich our souls and sometimes even our pocketbooks as well. First, liberal arts equip students with communications and interpersonal skills that are valuable and genuinely rewarded in the labour force, especially when accompanied by technical abilities. “A broad liberal arts education is a key pat
27、hway to success in the 21st-century economy,“ says Lawrence Katz, a labour economist at Harvard. Professor Katz says that the economic return to pure technical skills has flattened, and the highest return now goes to those who combine soft skills excellence at communicating and working with peoplewi
28、th technical skills. My second reason: We need people conversant with the humanities to help reach wise public policy decisions, even about the sciences. Technology companies must constantly weigh ethical decisions. To weigh these issues, regulators should be informed by first-rate science, but also
29、 by first-rate humanism. When the Presidents Council on Bioethics issued its report in 2002, “Human Cloning and Human Dignity,“ it depends upon the humanities to shape judgments about ethics, limits and values. Third, wherever our careers lie, much of our happiness depends upon our interactions with
30、 those around us, and there s some evidence that literature nurtures a richer emotional intelligence. Science magazine published five studies indicating that research subjects who read literary fiction did better at assessing the feelings of a person in a photo than those who read nonfiction or popu
31、lar fiction. Literature seems to offer lessons in human nature that help us decode the world around us and be better friends. Literature also builds bridges of understanding. In short, it makes eminent sense to study coding and statistics today, but also history and literature.（分数：10.00）(1).What is
32、implied in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Parents may encourage their children to major in anthropology.B.The humanities in Harvard are not popular among parents and students.C.The leader of an Internet company values Harvard education itself most.D.Rick Scott may think anthropologists arent key int
33、erests of the state.(2).Lawrence Katz holds that broad liberal arts_.（分数：2.00）A.are enough for you to succeedB.can enrich your wallets in economyC.achieve balance between communicating value and soft skillsD.maximize your potential when coupled with technical skills(3).Which of the following cannot
34、be used as the example of the second sentence in Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.Should Youtube change its web page?B.Where should Facebook set its privacy?C.How should Google handle sex and violence articles?D.Should Twitter close accounts that seem sympathetic to terrorists?(4).According to the Science mag
35、azine, compared with people reading literary fiction, those reading nonflction_.（分数：2.00）A.evaluate the work more difficultyB.decode the emotional state poorlyC.have richer emotional intelligenceD.recognize the portrait more easily(5).On the whole, the reasons that the humanities enrich our spiritua
36、l life include all the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.they are useful for improving emotional intelligenceB.they are essential to the wise decisions of an organizationC.they link the soft skills with technical skills in the labour forceD.they benefit students in communications and interpersonal skills
37、Ellen Pao spent the last few years spotlighting the technology industrys lack of diversity, in court and beyond. Erica Baker caused a stir at Google when she started a spreadsheet last year for employees to share their salaries, highlighting the pay disparities between those of different genders doi
38、ng the same job. Laura I. Gomez founded a start-up focused on improving diversity in the hiring process. Now the three are starting an effort to collect and share data to help diversify the rank-and-file employees who make up tech companies. The nonprofit venture, called Project Include, was unveile
39、d on Tuesday. As part of Project Include, the group plans to extract commitments from tech companies to track the diversity of their work forces over time and eventually share that data with other start-ups. The effort will focus on start-ups that employ 25 to 1,000 workers, in the hope of spurring
40、the companies to think about equality sooner rather than later. The project will also ask for participation from venture capital firms that advise and mentor the start-ups. Project Include aims to have 18 companies as part of its first cohort; a few have already signed up. The group will meet regula
41、rly for seven months to define and track specific metrics. At the end of that period, the group will publish an anonymized set of results to show the progressor lack thereofthat the start-ups have made around diversity. The group s push is intended to cut through tech s slow pace of change on divers
42、ity. Large companies, including Google, Facebook and Microsoft, have openly admitted their failings in creating diverse work forces, and some have started programs to move the needle . But that has not seemed to spur much movement in views on the issue. In December, for instance, Michael Moritz, a p
43、artner at the venture capital firm Sequoia Capital, made headlines when he said in an interview that his firmwhich had no female investment partners in the United Stateswould focus on hiring women but would not “lower its standards“ to do so. He also said the firm was blind to gender and race. “It i
44、s this incredibly self-serving mythology that we are the best and the brightest, and that the best ideas rise to the top and will get funded,“ said Ms. Kapor Klein, noting there is plenty of data to show that minority access to tech programs and networks is worse than that of white males. “Despite a
45、n avalanche of rigorous data to the contrary, the belief in pure meritocracy persists.“（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.Ellen Pao spent a lot of time diversifying the courts structureB.Erica Baker is an experienced HR in GoogleC.Ellen Pao, Erica Baker and La
46、ura I. Gomez found a start-up togetherD.Project Include is aimed to diversify the employees in tech companies(2).The effort of Project Include on start-ups expects to_.（分数：2.00）A.obtain commitments from tech companiesB.obtain related dataC.urge the companies to think about equality earlierD.urge the
47、 venture capital firms to participate(3).What will Project Include not do to 18 companies during the seven months?（分数：2.00）A.Make them agree with the cohort.B.Meet them regularly.C.Define specific metrics.D.Track specific metrics.(4).The phrase “the needle“(Para. 4)probably refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.div
48、erse work forcesB.a needle for weavingC.views on diversificationD.the measures of Project Include(5).It seems that Ms. Kapor Klein believes_.（分数：2.00）A.the root of the problem is people s arroganceB.there is a long way to improve existing prejudiceC.the racism is still seriousD.people need to have an open mindSome futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, ac
