1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 132 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but fa
2、r less harmful【C1】_is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology. The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is【C2】_. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms, 【C3】_ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and o
3、ther gadgets do the same thing, 【C4】_ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied 【C5】_ wire umbilici. It is tempting to【C6】_a “strategy“ to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient.【C7】_, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, 【C8】_ex
4、perimented with by many product designers. This makes it all the more powerful. Tech【C9】_occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning“ as animal be haviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a【C10】_cage called a Ski
5、nner Box. The animal is【C11】_with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails. “Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we【C12】_look at our phone, seeking rewards?“ asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little
6、like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement【C13】_an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile 【C14】_ that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought
7、 processes have been【C15】_by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe. 【C16】_, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to【C17】_sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free W
8、i-Fi. Most importantly, you can【C18】_the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this【C19】_, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it【C20】_to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill
9、you.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.phenomenonB.epidemicC.issueD.event(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.strikingB.obscureC.interestingD.mysterious(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.relyingB.choosingC.grabbingD.using(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.taking overB.feeding onC.catching upD.allowing for(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.withB.overC.toD.via(6).【C6】（分数：
10、2.00）A.pointB.turnC.attributeD.prefer(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.InsteadB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.asC.thatD.where(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.progressB.termC.crisisD.addiction(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.dangerousB.specialC.largeD.funny(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.rewardedB.resistedC.resumedD.reversed(
11、12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.anxiouslyB.occasionallyC.happilyD.endlessly(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.withinB.fromC.aboutD.through(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.supportB.approveC.argueD.insist(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.formedB.seperatedC.classifiedD.modified(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.SurprisinglyB.ImportantlyC.FortunatelyD.Regrettably(17)
12、.【C17】（分数：2.00）A.compensateB.helpC.comfortD.improve(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.shareB.obtainC.subscribeD.observe(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.partB.senseC.levelD.way(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.adaptiveB.carefulC.similarD.captive二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: R
13、ead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._Anyone who has searched for a job fresh out of college knows how difficult it is to get that first job. Sending out hundreds of resumes, only to get a few interviews in the endif youre lucky! and if youre ve
14、ry lucky, eventually theres a job offer on the table. Should you grasp it, or wait for something better to come along the way? It depends on whether you are a “maximizer“ or a “satisficer“. Maximizers want to explore every possible option before choosing a job. They gather every stick of information
15、 in the hope of making the best possible decision. If you are a satisficer, however, you make decisions based on the evidence at hand. Simply put, satisficers are more likely to cut their job search short and take the first job offer. Maximizers are more likely to continue searching until a better j
16、ob offer comes along. Which type of approach yields the better payoff? A maximizer. Specifically, quoting the results of a study of the job search of 548 members of the Class of 2002 by Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz, the maximizers put themselves through more contortions in the j
17、ob hunt. They applied to twenty jobs, on average, while satisficers applied to only ten, and they were significantly more likely to make use of outside sources of information and support. But it turned out to be worth it: the job offers they got were significantly better, in terms of salary, than wh
18、at the satisficers got. Satisficers were offered jobs with an average starting salary of $37, 085; the average starting salary offered to maximizers was $44, 515, more than 20 percent higher. The trouble is, however, that higher pay doesnt make maximizers a happier group than satisficers. In fact, m
19、aximizers were significantly more likely than satisficers to be unhappy with the offers they accepted. Evidently, being a maximizer can help you earn more income, but that income doesnt buy more happiness, as the maximizers likely to agonize over the prospect of a better job offer out there he or sh
20、e missed. Maximizers may have objectively superior outcomes, but theyre so busy obsessing about all the things that they could have had, they tend to be less happy with the outcomes they do get.（分数：10.00）(1).What is implied in the first two paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.Graduates arent well-prepared for job
21、s when freshing out of colleges.B.Anyone who is very lucky can get a job earlier than those unlucky.C.Satisficers tend to take the first job offer on the table.D.Satisficers wait for something better based on information at hand.(2).According to the Paragraph 3, which of the following is true?（分数：2.
22、00）A.Maximizers can get something of value from outside information.B.Maximizers tend to apply to more jobs than satisfiers.C.Sheena Iyengar, Rachael Wells, and Barry Schwartz are maximizers.D.The research showed that satisficers were more likely to make use of all the information.(3).The word “cont
23、ortions“(Para. 3)most probably refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.choicesB.occupationsC.opportunitiesD.distortions(4).The passage conveys that higher pay_.（分数：2.00）A.brings less happiness to maximizers than to satisficersB.encourages maximizers seek perfectionC.makes maximizers imagine the prospect of a better j
24、ob offerD.helps maximizers develop a sense of self-worth(5).Which might be the appropriate title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Higher Pay: Be Happier or UnhappyB.First Offer: Take It or Keep WaitingC.Sources of Information: Outside or at HandD.Position Yourself: A Maximizer or a SatisficerYawning can b
25、e a problem at the office for Lindsay Eierman, which makes her embarrassed. “Ive explained, Im sorry, I didnt get much sleep last night,“ says Ms Eierman, a 26-year-old social worker from Durham, North Carolina. But a lack of sleep may not be the problem. Researchers are starting to unravel the myst
26、ery surrounding the yawn, one of the most common and often embarrassing behaviours. Yawning, they have discovered, is much more complicated than previously thought. Although all yawns look the same, they appear to have many different causes and to serve a variety of functions. Yawning is believed to
27、 be a means to keep our brains alert in times of stress. Contagious yawning appears to have evolved in many animal species as a way to protect family and friends, by keeping everyone in the group vigilant. Changes in brain chemistry trigger yawns, which typically last about six seconds and often occ
28、ur in clusters. To unravel the mystery of yawning, scientists built upon early, observed clues. Yawning tends to occur more in summer. Most people yawn upon seeing someone else do it, but infants and people with autism or schizophrenia arent so affected by this contagion effect. And certain people y
29、awn at surprising times, like parachutists who are about to jump out of a plane or Olympic athletes getting ready to compete. A leading hypothesis is that yawning plays an important role in keeping the brain at its cool, optimal working temperature. The brain is particularly sensitive to overheating
30、, according to Andrew Gallup, an assistant professor of psychology at the State University of New York at Oneonta. Reaction times slow and memory wanes when the brain s temperature varies even less than a degree from the ideal 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. There are some practical applications. Dr. Gallu
31、p said managers might want to keep in mind the brain-cooling role of yawning when a meeting is long and boring. “One way to diminish yawning frequency in an office would be to keep it air-conditioned. If its very cold in the room, yawning rates are going to be quite low,“ Dr. Gallup said.（分数：10.00）(
32、1).Lindsay Eierman says she didnt sleep well last night because_.（分数：2.00）A.yawning is her problemB.her colleague doesn t forgive herC.she feels very sorry for yawning at the officeD.she regards sleep deprivation as the reason of yawning(2).According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT tru
33、e about yawning?（分数：2.00）A.It always happens in groupsB.It makes people relax under pressureC.It is caused by changes in brain chemistryD.It usually lasts approximately six seconds(3).The word “contagion“(Para. 4)most probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.spreadingB.learningC.protectionD.imitation(4).According
34、 to Dr. Gallup, people in a meeting may yawn when_.（分数：2.00）A.the meeting room is overheatedB.other people around them yawnC.a meeting is brief and interestingD.the air-conditioner temperature is lowered(5).The passage mainly discusses_.（分数：2.00）A.the rates of yawningB.the misconceptions of yawningC
35、.the secrets of yawningD.the applications of yawningNot too many decades ago it seemed “obvious“ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial
36、 relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious“ is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. Bu
37、t, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meani
38、ngful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different stifle of
39、 life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime
40、, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover
41、, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town co
42、unterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and un
43、usual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Two contrasting views are presented.B.An argument is examined and possible solutions given.C.Research results concerning the q
44、uality of urban life are presented in order of time.D.A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.(2).According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents_.（分数：2.00）A.did not have the same interests as their neighborsB.could not develop l
45、ong-standing relationshipsC.tended to be associated with bad behaviorD.usually had more friends(3).One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors_.（分数：2.00）A.disrupt people s natural relationsB.make them worry about crimeC.cause them not to show concern for on
46、e anotherD.cause them to the suspicious of each other(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is_.（分数：2.00）A.the better its quality of lifeB.the more similar its interestsC.the more tolerant and open-minded it isD.the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of str
47、ess(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small town dwellers.B.Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small townsC.The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.D.The strong feeling of alien
48、ation of city inhabitants.There were some consistent patterns among the heavier readers: For the younger children ages 6 to 11being read aloud to regularly and having restricted online time were correlated with frequent reading; for the older childrenages 12 to 17one of the largest predictors was whether they had time to read on their own during the school day. The finding about reading aloud to children long after toddlerhood may come as a surprise to some pa
