1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 154 及答案解析(总分：136.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_In the 20th century the planets population doubled twice. It will not double even
2、 once in the【C1】_century, because birth rates in much of the world have【C2】_steeply. But the number of people over 65 is set to【C3】_within just 25 years. This shift in the structure of the population is not as momentous as the【C4】_that came before. But it is more than enough to reshape the world eco
3、nomy. 【C5】_the UNs population【C6】_, the standard source for demographic estimates, there are a-round 600m people aged 65 or older【C7】_today. That is in itself remarkable; the author Fred Pearce claims it is【C8】_that half of all the humans who have ever been over 65 are alive today. But【C9】_a share o
4、f the total population, at 8%, it is not that【C10】_to what it was a few decades ago. By 2035,【C11】_, more than 1. 1 billion people13% of the populationwill be above the age of 65. This is a【C12】_result of the dropping birth rates that are slowing overall population growth; they mean there are【C13】_f
5、ewer young people around. The “old-age dependency ratio“the ratio of old people to those of working agewill【C14】_even faster. In 2010 the world had 16 people aged 65 and over for every 100 adults between the ages of 25 and 64,【C15】_the same ratio it had in 1980. By 2035 the UN【C16】_that number to ha
6、ve risen to 26. In rich countries it will be much higher. Japan will have 69 old people for every 100 of working age by 2035, Germany 66.【C17】_America, which has a relatively high【C18】_rate, will see its old-age dependency rate rise by more than 70% , to 44. Developing countries,【C19】_todays ratio i
7、s much lower, will not see absolute levels rise that high;【C20】_the proportional growth will be higher. Over the same time period the old-age dependency rate in China will more than double from 15 to 36. Latin America will see a shift from 14 to 27.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.previousB.prosperousC.
8、currentD.chronic(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.turnedB.surgedC.changedD.declined(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.decreaseB.doubleC.increaseD.halve(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.expansionB.extentC.diffusionD.confusion(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.Compared withB.Because ofC.According toD.In spite of(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.projectsB.projectionsC.subjectsD
9、.objections(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.vividB.livingC.survivedD.alive(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.possibleB.peculiarC.impossibleD.impartial(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.inB.asC.aboutD.since(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.similarB.stableC.differentD.numerous(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.whereasB.howeverC.thereforeD.likewise(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.natur
10、alB.strangeC.unforeseenD.unbelievable(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.mainlyB.consequentlyC.partlyD.proportionally(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.growB.dropC.remainD.decay(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.actuallyB.certainlyC.almostD.already(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.suspectsB.expiresC.proclaimsD.expects(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.Even ifB.EvenC.I
11、f onlyD.Only(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.fertilityB.marriageC.mortalityD.divorce(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.thereC.whereD.that(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.soB.andC.ifD.but二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：52.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions
12、 below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._With polished stone floors and a plate-glass roof, a shining multi-storey shopping mall has just opened beside a motorway north of Paris. Named Qwartz, and costing 300m, it houses 165 shops and what developers call “ eating concepts“. Two other American-sty
13、le shopping malls opened in the greater Paris region last year, and a third, So Ouest, in 2012. A country that prides itself on fashion designer boutiques and artisanal shops seems to be turning into one of mall rats. Partly this is just catching up. Until recently, strict planning rules stopped big
14、 out-of-town shopping centres around the French capital. Most malls that existed, such as Velizy 2 or Rosny 2, dated from the 1970s, when five new towns were built in the Paris suburbs. But a new relaxed attitude has now let more modern projects go ahead. It also points to two features of French soc
15、iety that escape the gaze of historic Paris. One is most shoppers suburban way of life. Only 2. 2m people live in the capital itself. Yet the greater Paris region, excluding the city, counts over four times more inhabitants, many in small towns and car-dependent suburbs. The new malls, ringed by car
16、 parks, are handy, even alluring. Fully 62% of the French told one poll that malls were their favourite places to shop, ahead of the high street or traditional department stores. The other trend is the global taste of consumers. Besides a huge French hypermarket, Qwartzs big pull is Primark, an Iris
17、h cheap-fashion retailer, and Marks they are constrained by geography, family commitments and lack of competition for their skills among a small number of big employers. Zero-hours contracts make it easier for employers to abuse their labour-market power. Some use them to avoid statutory obligations
18、 such as sick and maternity pay. Workers are penalised for not being available when requested. And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additional jobs. These can harm other employers as well as workers, and actually reduce labour market flexibility. That, at
19、least, is worth doing away with.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, politicians are concerned about_.（分数：2.00）A.the rise of unemployment rateB.the disorder of market economyC.the flexibility of the labour marketD.the severity of economic depression(2).Zero-hours contracts are characterized by th
20、eir_.（分数：2.00）A.reliability and popularityB.flexibility and instabilityC.stability and sustainabilityD.adaptability and universality(3).Who may not be satisfied with zero-hours contracts?（分数：2.00）A.People with specific goals.B.Workers requiring flexibility.C.Students doing part-time jobs.D.Pensioner
21、s desiring more income.(4).Zero-hours contracts may allow employers to_.（分数：2.00）A.satisfy their needB.violate legal provisionC.avoid legal punishmentD.fulfill their responsibility(5).The text mainly focuses on zero-hours contracts_.（分数：2.00）A.traits and effectsB.limits and defectsC.merits and impac
22、tsD.features and problemsWest London, Friday night, 9 pm. In the Redemption bar, music hums and candles flicker. A barman shakes cocktails under a neon sign. But the noisy drinking often associated with British pubs at the weekend is absent. Although the cocorita is served, it contains no alcohol. R
23、edemption is one of a small but growing number of drinkeries that serve no liquor. Worries about drinking are on the rise. Hospitals complain that alcohol-related admissions are soaring; some police chiefs have called for new powers to tackle disorderly drunks. On February 4th the Home Office announ
24、ced a new plan that ought to stop retailers from selling alcoholic drinks below costsomething they occasionally do to attract shoppers. This, said Norman Baker, the Liberal Democrat, would “stop the worst examples of very cheap and harmful drink“. Yet Britain is in many ways becoming more abstemious
25、. In 2001 the average household consumed 1. 5 litres of alcoholic drinks a week; by 2011, the figure had fallen to 1. 1 litres. The young in particular seem to be giving up boozing: over the same period, the number of young men drinking heavily at least once a week fell from 37% to 22%; women became
26、 less sozzled, too. Dry bars benefit from this fad: Redemptions customers doubled between December and January. Abstemious bars have also opened in Liverpool and Nottingham. Unlike many cafes, they stay open late. They simulate bars in other ways, with live music, comedy acts and films to pull in cu
27、stomers. When the lights go down and the DJ plays at Sobar, which opened in Nottingham in Januar-y, it looks like any city bar, hopes Alex Gillmore, the manager. Redemption misses the huge profits made on alcohol, but temperance brings its own benefits. Business remains steady throughout the week ra
28、ther than spiking at the weekend, says Catherine Salway, its founder. Sobar is linked to a do-gooding drug and alcohol charity. But ordinary bars are becoming a little drier, too, out of business sense rather than temperance principle. Pubs can make almost as much selling food as drinkand more are s
29、erving it. Both in pubs and at home, less boozy drinks are becoming popular. Total sales of beer by volume dropped slightly in the year to January, but those of the weaker kinds jumped 32%, according to a market-research firm. Sales of “adult“ sparkling soft drinks are growing too. Perhaps the cafe-
30、culture British politicians have so long yearned for is at last emerging.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the text that Redemption is_.（分数：2.00）A.a noisy music barB.a bar with no spiritsC.a pub without serversD.a traditional British pub(2).Norman Baker believed that the new plan would_.（分数：2.00）A.hav
31、e some positive effectsB.set a bad example for drinkersC.totally eliminate heavy drinkersD.stop retailers from selling liquor(3).It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that_.（分数：2.00）A.women drink less liquor than men in BritainB.most young men have totally given up drinkingC.drinking less spirits has b
32、ecome a trend in BritainD.Britons have become money-saving in many aspects(4).According to Paragraph 4, dry bars mainly live on_.（分数：2.00）A.regular drinkersB.live performancesC.extravagant customersD.abstemious consumers(5).British politicians attitude towards drinking may be_.（分数：2.00）A.impartialB.
33、supportiveC.indifferentD.disapprovingVisiting Oxford Street, a road filling with tatty shops and overcrowded with people, is plainly a trial. Less plainly, levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) , a noxious gas, have been found to be around three times higher there than the legal limit. In 2013 the annu
34、al mean concentration of NO 2 on the street was one of the highest levels found anywhere in Europe. British air is far cleaner than it was a few decades ago. Fewer people use coal-burning stoves; old industrial plants have been decommissioned. But since 2009 levels of nitrogen oxides and particulate
35、 matter, coarse or fine particles that are linked to lung cancer and asthma, have fallen more slowly. The exact number of deaths caused by dirty air is unknown. But in 2010 a government advisory group estimated that removing man-made fine particulate matter from the atmosphere would increase life ex
36、pectancy for those born in 2008 by an average of six months. Much of the slowdown is the result of fumes from diesel cars, which were championed by successive governments because they use less fuel and thus produce less carbon dioxide than petrol cars. In 2001 only 14% of all cars ran on diesel; by
37、2013 the proportion had increased to 35%. (Greener “hybrid“ and electric cars have increased nine fold since 2006, but account for just 0. 5% of the entire fleet.) Second-hand cars are particularly noxious, but even newer ones have not been as clean as hoped. Many cars that let out few pollutants in
38、 tests produced more on the roads. Governments hesitation has not helped. Part of the problem is that several departments are responsible for air pollution. This means nobody has taken a lead on it, complains Joan Walley, a Labour MP who chairs an environmental committee that has released a series o
39、f damning reports. And few politicians are keen to fire drivers. However, some improvements have been made. In 2008 a “low-emission zone“ was created in London, which targets large vans and coaches. A smaller “ultra low-emission zone“ has been proposed for 2020, which would charge all vehicles that
40、are not of a certain standard 12. 50 pounds a day. European Commission fines for breaching limits may encourage cities to do more. But other countries are more ambitious; 60 such zones exist in Germany, targeting private cars as well as vans. In December Anne Hidalgo, the mayor of Paris, announced t
41、hat she wanted to ban diesel cars by 2020.（分数：10.00）(1).Oxford Street is mentioned in the opening paragraph to_.（分数：2.00）A.describe the busy streets in BritainB.discuss the problem of air pollutionC.stress the improvement of air qualityD.show the link between car and pollution(2).According to Paragr
42、aph 2, life span may be related to_.（分数：2.00）A.air qualityB.eating habitC.living standardD.medical condition(3).Successive governments have advocated diesel cars because_.（分数：2.00）A.they are much cheaper than petrol carsB.they use less fuel and save more moneyC.they are more environmentally friendly
43、D.they produce less carbon dioxide than all cars(4).Governments try to reduce air pollution by_.（分数：2.00）A.imposing extra taxes on vehiclesB.setting “no-emission zone“ for carsC.cutting tail gas emission of vehiclesD.encouraging people not to drive cars(5).Considering the role that government plays,
44、 the author seems to be_.（分数：2.00）A.sympatheticB.pessimisticC.concernedD.objective4.Part B_Kentish Town Road is a humdrum high street in north London. It contains pawnbrokers, pound shops, hairdressers and some long-in-the-tooth hardware stores. Unlike Camden Town to the south, full of bars and tatt
45、oo parlours, or Hampstead to the west, with its bistros and boutique clothing shops, little seems to have changed on the street for the past three decades. “Its never quite got going , “ admits Gary McLaren, a local bookseller. Yet the lack of change is oddand hints at some of the strangeness of Lon
46、don. Kentish Town has excellent transport links to central London, and plenty of residents prepared to pay good money for that. Off the high street stretch rows of pretty Victorian terraced houses, which sell for as much as 2m a piece. Between 2007 and 2014 property prices in the postcode area surro
47、unding the main Tube and railway station more than doubled. An influx of French parents, drawn by a school that opened in 2011, is pushing prices even higher. Yet Kentish Towns shops and cafes are almost invariably untrendy and in some cases mouldering. A hair salon, a butcher and a sportswear shop
48、have each been owned by the same men for more than a quarter of a century. Why? One explanation is that, in common with other parts of London, Kentish Town has lots of social housing as well as costly Victorian terraces, Camden Council, the local authority, is building even more in the borough. This helps cheaper shops survive, suggests Tony Travers of t
