1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 138 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Benjamin Franklin just got a face-lift;. And it“s about time. Over the past se
2、ven years, the Treasury Department has redesigned the $5, $10, $20 and $50 bills, citing counterfeiting【B1】_. On April 21, the $100 bill【B2】_its fellows when the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing(BEP)unveiled its latest bill. The $100 bill is the highest-denomination note in【B3】_and can weather
3、more than seven years of【B4】_. A humble $1 bill lasts only 21 months. The American Revolution“s continental currencythe first attempt【B5】_national tenderdid not have the same kind of【B6】_. So much of the money was produced to【B7】_the war that it quickly【B8】_. In 1863, Congress【B9】_the issuance of pa
4、per tender, much of which was easy to counterfeit. It is estimated that one-third of money circulating at the time was【B10】_. But that didn“t stop the government from producing【B11】_of it. By the time the BEP was officially established in 1874, the Treasury Department had been creating【B12】_for more
5、 than a decadewith dozens of clerks manually cutting and signing bills before the process was【B13】_. The U.S. started producing coins in 1792. The first piece of money to feature a President“s【B14】_was a coin: the Abraham Lincoln penny, created in 1909. And【B15】_the fact that it costs 1.6 to make ea
6、ch l coin, more pennies are produced than any other U.S. denomination.【B16】_bills such as the $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000 had no such luck,【B17】_, and the $100,000 note was printed but never released .【B18】_hundreds of billions of dollars in circulation at any given time(more than $330 billion
7、 was produced last year alone), updating security features on currency is a(n) 【B19】_process. “In God We【B20】_,“ sure. In humans, not so much.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.consciousnessB.toleranceC.sincerityD.concerns(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.caught up withB.caught inC.led toD.led in(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.survi
8、valB.circulationC.maintenanceD.coordination(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.usageB.existenceC.useD.application(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.toB.inC.onD.at(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.longevityB.spanC.assumptionD.regulation(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.retainB.arrangeC.succeedD.fund(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.declinedB.deprivedC.depreciatedD.appreciated(
9、9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.initiatedB.uncoveredC.authorizedD.originated(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.fakeB.grandC.realD.complete(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.noneB.moreC.lessD.some(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.coinsB.financeC.currencyD.banks(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.automatedB.industrializedC.artificialD.materialized(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.sp
10、iritB.likenessC.bodyD.constitution(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.underB.despiteC.againstD.as(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.PopularB.Well-recievedC.Short-livedD.Notorious(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.thusB.soC.otherwiseD.though(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.WithB.BeyondC.AmongD.Despite(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.intermittentB.optimisticC.continu
11、alD.continental(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.SupportB.TrustC.RespectD.InterrogateAccording to myth, Rwanda“s ancient line of kings descended from a man with secret knowledge: He could【B1】_ordinary rock into smooth, gleaming iron.【B2】_this new technology, he taught his people to make hard, durable weapons for
12、 defeating their enemies and sharp axes for cutting the forest to make fields. By the time the first Europeans arrived in the 19th century, iron had become【B3】_in the kingdom of Rwanda Other traditional African societies tell stories of【B4】_ironworkers who descended from heaven or came from other la
13、nds. The prevalence of such legends【B5】_the importance of ironworking in these cultures, and archaeologists have long wondered if the arrival of iron metallurgy【B6】_the growth of complex early societies. Did foreigners【B7】_bring ironworking to Africa, or did Africans invent it themselves? Entering t
14、he Iron Age was not easy. Metalworkers had to melt ore at【B8】_temperatures and then repeatedly hammer and reheat the spongy metal. The traditional view is that metallurgists in Turkey were the first to melt iron ore【B9】_, beginning around 1800 B.C.E. Initially, they【B10】_the new metal for precious【B
15、11】_or ritual objects. But by 1200 B.C.E., workers in the Levant were boiling out【B12】_amounts of iron. The metal had a major【B13】_on societies. Iron was a transformative metal. Iron ores are much more【B14】_than copper or the tin needed to make bronze. Bronze was【B15】_costly and largely limited【B16】
16、use in ritual objects and goods for【B17】_. But once cultures learned to melt iron, they could put iron tools into the hands of【B18】_people for clearing forests and tilling the【B19】_. This boosted agricultural yields, increased the numbers of villages, and【B20】_ever more social complexity.（分数：40.00）
17、1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.manipulateB.magnifyC.transplantD.transform(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.AfterB.InC.BeforeD.With(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.throneB.emperorC.powerD.conquest(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.ambitiousB.mythicalC.inspiringD.imaginary(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.influencesB.underlinesC.endangersD.accelerates(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.sp
18、urredB.justifiedC.erectedD.prevented(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.in factB.as a resultC.by the wayD.at the same time(8).【B8】（分数：2.00）A.minimumB.bioactiveC.preciseD.automatic(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.reluctantlyB.deliberatelyC.voluntarilyD.secretly(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.BeforehandB.InitiallyC.EventuallyD.Similarly(11).【
19、B11】（分数：2.00）A.diamondsB.ornamentsC.crystalsD.equipment(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.considerableB.consideredC.flexibleD.immeasurable(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.catastropheB.disturbanceC.impactD.insertion(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.abundantB.magnificentC.expensiveD.extravagant(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.neverthelessB.thereforeC.
20、thereafterD.however(16).【B16】（分数：2.00）A.inB.asC.toD.at(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.microorganismsB.elitesC.revolutionistsD.empires(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.countlessB.ordinaryC.folkD.unarmed(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.floorsB.apartmentsC.propertiesD.soils(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.triggeredB.arousedC.disruptedD.located考研英语（完
21、形填空）-试卷 138 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Benjamin Franklin just got a face-lift;. And it“s about time. Over the past seven
22、years, the Treasury Department has redesigned the $5, $10, $20 and $50 bills, citing counterfeiting【B1】_. On April 21, the $100 bill【B2】_its fellows when the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing(BEP)unveiled its latest bill. The $100 bill is the highest-denomination note in【B3】_and can weather more
23、 than seven years of【B4】_. A humble $1 bill lasts only 21 months. The American Revolution“s continental currencythe first attempt【B5】_national tenderdid not have the same kind of【B6】_. So much of the money was produced to【B7】_the war that it quickly【B8】_. In 1863, Congress【B9】_the issuance of paper
24、tender, much of which was easy to counterfeit. It is estimated that one-third of money circulating at the time was【B10】_. But that didn“t stop the government from producing【B11】_of it. By the time the BEP was officially established in 1874, the Treasury Department had been creating【B12】_for more tha
25、n a decadewith dozens of clerks manually cutting and signing bills before the process was【B13】_. The U.S. started producing coins in 1792. The first piece of money to feature a President“s【B14】_was a coin: the Abraham Lincoln penny, created in 1909. And【B15】_the fact that it costs 1.6 to make each l
26、 coin, more pennies are produced than any other U.S. denomination.【B16】_bills such as the $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000 had no such luck,【B17】_, and the $100,000 note was printed but never released .【B18】_hundreds of billions of dollars in circulation at any given time(more than $330 billion was
27、 produced last year alone), updating security features on currency is a(n) 【B19】_process. “In God We【B20】_,“ sure. In humans, not so much.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.consciousnessB.toleranceC.sincerityD.concerns 解析：解析：语义逻辑题，兼考查词义辨析。上文说到美国财政部重新设计了 5 美元、10 美元、20 美元和 50 美元的纸币。而空格所在的小句提到了“faking”，我们可以看
28、出，重新设计纸币和伪钞有关。由此可以判断出空格处填入“关注的事”最佳。D 项符合题意。(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.caught up with B.caught inC.led toD.led in解析：解析：语义逻辑题，兼考查词组意义辨析。这句话主要讲的是面值 100 元的纸币，根据上文提到的“重新设计 5 元、10 元、20 元和 50 元的纸币”和空格后的宾语 its fellows，可推断出 100 元的纸币是相继上述面值的纸币而推出的。四个选项中，只有 A 项“跟上、赶上”符合这一语义。因此，A 项符合题意。(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.survivalB.circ
29、ulation C.maintenanceD.coordination解析：解析：语义逻辑题，兼考查搭配问题。根据常识：100 元的纸币是用来流通的，其价值也是在流通中体现的。据此可以判断，此处空格应该填入表示“流通”的词语，且空格前有介词 in，要考虑搭配问题，因此，B 项符合题意。in circulation 此处意为“在流通的”。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.usageB.existenceC.use D.application解析：解析：语义逻辑题，兼考查词义辨析。根据空格前的 weather more than seven years 和空格后所提到的“一元纸币只能供使用 2
30、1 个月”，可推断出此处空格要填入能表示“使用”的词。四个选项中，只有 C 项是符合题意的。(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.toB.inC.onD.at 解析：解析：固定搭配题。考查名词和介词的搭配。空格处需填入介词和 attempt 组合成表示“尝试”的短语，只有 D 项符合题意。attempt at 意为“在某方面尝试、努力、企图”。如：Their first attempt at a solution was un-successful(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.longevity B.spanC.assumptionD.regulation解析：解析：语义逻辑题。需要联
31、系上下文。前文中提到 100 元纸币可以用 7 年，而 1 元钱只能用 21 个月。也就是说前面几句话都是在讨论纸币的寿命。由 the same kind 可推断出空格所在句子承接上文依然在讨论货币的寿命，意为“大陆币没有那么长寿”。四个选项中可以表示“长寿、寿命”的只有 A 项。(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.retainB.arrangeC.succeedD.fund 解析：解析：语义逻辑题。空格处应填入动词与 war 构成动宾搭配，表明生产那么多货币的目的。根据常识可知，战争会花费很多资金故可推出那些货币是用来为战争提供资金的。四个选项中只有 D 项表示“资助、为提供资金”。(8)
32、B8】（分数：2.00）A.declinedB.deprivedC.depreciated D.appreciated解析：解析：语义逻辑题，兼考查词义辨析。需要联系上下文，并结合常识，做出正确判断。空格所在句子的前半部分提到，为了资助战争发行了大量的货币。根据经济规律，货币发行量太大，必然导致贬值。因此，空格处应填入表示“贬值”意义的词。C 项符合题意。(9).【B9】（分数：2.00）A.initiatedB.uncoveredC.authorized D.originated解析：解析：语义逻辑题。需要结合常识，做出正确的选择。这句话的主语是 Congress(国会)。在美国，一切重
33、大事情都是由国会批准或授权的。因此，此处空格应填入表示“授权、批准”等意义的词。只有 C项符合题意。(10).【B10】（分数：2.00）A.fake B.grandC.realD.complete解析：解析：语义逻辑题。此题需联系前文加以理解。前面一句话说，1863 年国会批准发行法定纸币，其中很多都极容易仿制。文中 money circulating at the time 提示了空格所在句子是承接上句内容进行描述的，因此可以判断空格处应填入表示“假币、假的”等意义的词。只有 A 项符合题意。(11).【B11】（分数：2.00）A.noneB.more C.lessD.some解析：解析
34、语义逻辑题。需要联系上下文，考虑句子间的逻辑关系。这句话的关键词是 but，它表示转折关系。前面一句话提到，当时流通的货币大概有三分之一都是假币。按常理，应该减少发行。但转折词but 语义直转，表明政府并没有这么做，即还继续制造更多的货币。因此，正确答案应该是 B 项。(12).【B12】（分数：2.00）A.coinsB.financeC.currency D.banks解析：解析：语义逻辑题。需要联系上下文，并结合常识做出判断。前文一直在谈论货币问题，而铸印局也是制作货币的专门机构。因此，空格处应当填入表示“货币”的词。C 项符合题意。(13).【B13】（分数：2.00）A.autom
35、ated B.industrializedC.artificialD.materialized解析：解析：语义逻辑题。需要联系上下文，结合句子间的逻辑关系，才能做出正确的选择。本题的关键词是 before，在此处表明其前后内容有对比的意思。前面说人工剪裁、签署货币，与此相对应的当然是“自动化”。因此。A 项符合题意。(14).【B14】（分数：2.00）A.spiritB.likeness C.bodyD.constitution解析：解析：语义逻辑题。需要联系上下文，并结合常识。美国钱币上通常印有总统的画像，而句子后半部分也解释了硬币的具体内容是“林肯像”。由此可以判断出，此处空格应该填入表
36、示“相貌、像、画像”等意义的词，与空格前的动词 feature 构成动宾搭配，只有 B 项符合题意。(15).【B15】（分数：2.00）A.underB.despite C.againstD.as解析：解析：联接词题。考查句内逻辑关系。空格所缺词应该是联接词。它所联接的前半部分意为“制作一枚一美分的硬币，需要 16 美分”，后半部分意为“这种硬币比其他面额的硬币生产得多”。根据常理，既然制作成本比实际面值还高，应该少铸造这种硬币才是，但事实却是 more pennies are produced。由此可判断，此处需要填入表示让步关系的联接词。B 项符合题意。(16).【B16】（分数：2.0
37、0）A.PopularB.Well-recievedC.Short-lived D.Notorious解析：解析：语义逻辑题。这句话的关键是 had no such luck“没有如此的好运”，“好运”指的就是前一句话中提到的：即使造一美分硬币需要 16 美分，这种硬币还是比其他面额的硬币生产得多。而下文由表并列关系的连词 and 引导分句指出“10 万美元的纸币虽然印刷过却从未发行过”，综合分析前后的逻辑关系，可以判断出这里说的 500 元面值等纸币应该是“短命的”，因此，C 项符合题意。(17).【B17】（分数：2.00）A.thusB.soC.otherwiseD.though 解析：
38、解析：联接词题。考查句子间的逻辑关系。前文说到一美分硬币的流行，空格所在句子说大面值纸币的短命。两个句子间是转折关系。只有 D 项符合题意，表转折。(18).【B18】（分数：2.00）A.With B.BeyondC.AmongD.Despite解析：解析：语义逻辑题。考查逻辑关系和介词的用法。空格处应填入介词，与后面的名词性短语构成介宾搭配在句中作状语。表示伴随状态。四个选项中只有 with 能表示伴随状态，故答案为 A 项。(19).【B19】（分数：2.00）A.intermittentB.optimisticC.continual D.continental解析：解析：语义逻辑题，兼
39、考查词义辨析。此题需要联系上文加以理解。文中第二段提到，1863 年发行的法定货币极容易仿制，当时流通的货币有三分之一是假币。此处空格所在句子则提到了更新货币的安全特征，由此可见，这应该是一个持续的过程，只有 C 项符合题意。(20).【B20】（分数：2.00）A.SupportB.Trust C.RespectD.Interrogate解析：解析：语义逻辑题，兼考查搭配。这个句子是倒装句，正常语序为“Wein God”，因此，填入空格的词需要和 in 搭配。结合题中的四个选项，可以判断出 B 项为正确答案，意为“信任、相信”。According to myth, Rwanda“s anci
40、ent line of kings descended from a man with secret knowledge: He could【B1】_ordinary rock into smooth, gleaming iron.【B2】_this new technology, he taught his people to make hard, durable weapons for defeating their enemies and sharp axes for cutting the forest to make fields. By the time the first Eur
41、opeans arrived in the 19th century, iron had become【B3】_in the kingdom of Rwanda Other traditional African societies tell stories of【B4】_ironworkers who descended from heaven or came from other lands. The prevalence of such legends【B5】_the importance of ironworking in these cultures, and archaeologi
42、sts have long wondered if the arrival of iron metallurgy【B6】_the growth of complex early societies. Did foreigners【B7】_bring ironworking to Africa, or did Africans invent it themselves? Entering the Iron Age was not easy. Metalworkers had to melt ore at【B8】_temperatures and then repeatedly hammer an
43、d reheat the spongy metal. The traditional view is that metallurgists in Turkey were the first to melt iron ore【B9】_, beginning around 1800 B.C.E. Initially, they【B10】_the new metal for precious【B11】_or ritual objects. But by 1200 B.C.E., workers in the Levant were boiling out【B12】_amounts of iron.
44、The metal had a major【B13】_on societies. Iron was a transformative metal. Iron ores are much more【B14】_than copper or the tin needed to make bronze. Bronze was【B15】_costly and largely limited【B16】_use in ritual objects and goods for【B17】_. But once cultures learned to melt iron, they could put iron
45、tools into the hands of【B18】_people for clearing forests and tilling the【B19】_. This boosted agricultural yields, increased the numbers of villages, and【B20】_ever more social complexity.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.manipulateB.magnifyC.transplantD.transform 解析：解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。rock into iron 是一个“转变”的
46、过程，四个选项中只有 D项符合题意。(2).【B2】（分数：2.00）A.AfterB.InC.BeforeD.With 解析：解析：语义逻辑题。空格处所缺的是介词，它的宾语是 this new technology。根据其后的内容他教臣民制作武器和斧子，可知这里应填入一个含有“用，运用”含义的介词，选 D 项。(3).【B3】（分数：2.00）A.throneB.emperorC.power D.conquest解析：解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。前文提到，铁可以作为武器御敌，又可以砍伐树林，代表着先进的战斗力和生产力，可以判断，铁在当时是一种权力之源，即拥有了冶铁方法，也就拥有了权力。因
47、此，C 项符合题意。(4).【B4】（分数：2.00）A.ambitiousB.mythical C.inspiringD.imaginary解析：解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。ironworkers 后面 who 引导的定语从句表明这些铁匠是“来自天堂或其他大陆”，言外之意是人们不知道他们不知从何而来，是神话般的、具有神话色彩的。因此，B项符合题意。(5).【B5】（分数：2.00）A.influencesB.underlines C.endangersD.accelerates解析：解析：句子的主语是 The prevalence of such legends(关于铁匠的传说的广泛流传)，宾语是 the impor-tance of ironworking(铸铁的重要性)，可见这里缺少了“表明，加强，强调，突出”等意义的动词作谓语。underline 意为“强调，表明的重要性，加强”，完全符合句意。(6).【B6】（分数：2.00）A.spurred B.justifiedC.erectedD.prevented解析：解析：语义逻辑题，考查词义辨析。解题关键词是空格后的 growth，且根据上文的种种表述，可判断铸铁的工艺是“促进”发展的，因而排除 D 项选 A 项。(7).【B7】（分数：2.00）A.in fact
