1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 74 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Parents and students are now relying less on taking out loans and more on grant
2、s, scholarships and their own income and savings, according to a new report from Sallie Mae. “Over the last few years they“re considering cost more.【C1】_applying for bank loans, they“re making【C2】_decisions to save on their college【C3】_,“ says Sarah Ducich, an author of the report. The large private
3、 lender, in conjunction with Ipsos Public Affairs,【C4】_in its seventh annual report that more than half of the cost of college is【C5】_by grants and scholarships, as well as parent income and savings. The average family also【C6】_less on parent and student loans, which【C7】_for 7 percent and 15 percent
4、 of the cost,【C8】_. “But one of the most【C9】_findings of the report,“ Ducich says, “is that【C10】_soaring tuition and fees, families“【C11】_in the value of college has remained strong.“ Nearly all of the 1,600 parents and students【C12】_said they believed that college is an【C13】_in the future, nearly 9
5、0 percent said it“s needed for a(n) 【C14】_occupation and about 86 percent said they would be【C15】_to stretch financially to pay for college. And although more than two-thirds of families said they planned on borrowing, at least as a last【C16】_. many are increasingly looking for【C17】_to cut costs. Ne
6、arly all families reported taking at least one step to make college more【C18】_and on average families took five steps. Seven in 10 said they chose a(n) 【C19】_college to pay in-state tuition and more than half said they lived at home or with【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.Apart fromB.Instead ofC.
7、Regardless ofD.Because of(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.stubbornB.vagueC.boldD.deliberate(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.compensationsB.billsC.postagesD.correspondences(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.proposedB.questionedC.foundD.imagined(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.controlledB.deletedC.boostedD.covered(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.broughtB.passedC.carriedD.
8、counted(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.appliedB.accountedC.soughtD.exchanged(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.respectivelyB.fortunatelyC.scientificallyD.conversely(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.flexibleB.imaginativeC.strikingD.stable(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.amongB.despiteC.exceptD.like(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.disapprovalB.associationC.communicati
9、onD.belief(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.surveyedB.dismissedC.directedD.discriminated(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.introductionB.applicationC.investmentD.invention(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.familiarB.desiredC.riskyD.idle(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.willingB.reluctantC.supposedD.impossible(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.resortB.resultC.matterD
10、.dilemma(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.waysB.advantagesC.influencesD.implications(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.valuableB.dependableC.affordableD.compatible(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.topB.famousC.internationalD.local(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.tenantsB.relativesC.foreignersD.householdersHarvard professor Harvey Mansfield stirred up
11、 controversy recently by criticizing the violent grade inflation at his institution, stating, “I was told that the most frequently given grade at Harvard right now is an A-.“ A recent【C1】_of 200 colleges and universities also found that more than 40 percent of all grades awarded were in the A range.
12、 Some argue that these inflated grades are【C2】_for the competitive job market, but at the national level it is a negative-sum game that【C3】_serious costs on society. Because grades are【C4】_at A or A+, grade inflation results in a greater concentration of students at the【C5】_of the distribution. This
13、【C6】_of grades diminishes their value as a(n) 【C7】_of student abilities. There is also evidence that【C8】_grading reduces student effort. As giving low grades puts students at a disadvantage【C9】_to their peers, professors face strong【C10】_to award inflated grades. 【C11】_universities need to take step
14、s to bring it under【C12】_. Recently, some universities have experimented with【C13】_information about the grade distribution for each course either online or on student transcripts. So, if employers are aware that grades in a particular course were high, they might be less【C14】_with the students who
15、earned those grades. Thus, students might seek out tougher courses,【C15】_professors to offer such courses in【C16】_. The administration of Princeton issued a【C17】_that no more than 35 percent of grades awarded in undergraduate courses should be in the A range. These steps may not be【C18】_with student
16、s and professors, but it“s necessary to prevent higher education from【C19】_into Lake Wobegon “where. all the children are above【C20】_.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.suggestionB.subjectC.studyD.opinion(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.helpfulB.successfulC.skillfulD.awful(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.removesB.providesC.injectsD
17、.imposes(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.fixedB.cappedC.locatedD.given(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.lowB.startC.middleD.top(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.supervisionB.compressionC.exclusionD.conversion(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.wayB.developmentC.anchorD.indicator(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.tolerantB.remarkableC.thoughtfulD.familiar(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.re
18、lativeB.relatedC.relevantD.equal(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.opportunityB.commitmentC.supportD.pressure(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.Moreover(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.considerationB.discussionC.controlD.attack(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.publishingB.determiningC.combiningD.contrasting(14).【C14】（分数：2.
19、00）A.patientB.concernedC.impressedD.disappointed(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.distractingB.enhancingC.restrictingD.motivating(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.advanceB.excitementC.detailsD.response(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.creditB.guidelineC.lawD.command(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.popularB.crucialC.manageableD.special(19).【C19】（分数：2
20、.00）A.turningB.lookingC.fadingD.converting(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.horizonB.proficiencyC.averageD.guidance考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 74 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,
21、 B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Parents and students are now relying less on taking out loans and more on grants, scholarships and their own income and savings, according to a new report from Sallie Mae. “Over the last few years they“re considering cost more.【C1】_applying for bank loans, they“re making【C2】
22、_decisions to save on their college【C3】_,“ says Sarah Ducich, an author of the report. The large private lender, in conjunction with Ipsos Public Affairs,【C4】_in its seventh annual report that more than half of the cost of college is【C5】_by grants and scholarships, as well as parent income and savin
23、gs. The average family also【C6】_less on parent and student loans, which【C7】_for 7 percent and 15 percent of the cost,【C8】_. “But one of the most【C9】_findings of the report,“ Ducich says, “is that【C10】_soaring tuition and fees, families“【C11】_in the value of college has remained strong.“ Nearly all o
24、f the 1,600 parents and students【C12】_said they believed that college is an【C13】_in the future, nearly 90 percent said it“s needed for a(n) 【C14】_occupation and about 86 percent said they would be【C15】_to stretch financially to pay for college. And although more than two-thirds of families said they
25、 planned on borrowing, at least as a last【C16】_. many are increasingly looking for【C17】_to cut costs. Nearly all families reported taking at least one step to make college more【C18】_and on average families took five steps. Seven in 10 said they chose a(n) 【C19】_college to pay in-state tuition and mo
26、re than half said they lived at home or with【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.Apart fromB.Instead of C.Regardless ofD.Because of解析：解析：本空格后提到的 applying for bank loans(申请贷款)与后半句的 save on their college(节约读大学)明显地形成转折，故选 B 项 Instead of“代替，而不用”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.stubbornB.vagueC.boldD.deliberate 解析：解析：
27、从空格后的 save 可知这里是说家长决定要节约，而上一句提到过去几年里他们更多地考虑成本因素，此处需填入能呼应上一句 considering“考虑”的词，D 项 deliberate“深思熟虑的”符合要求。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.compensationsB.bills C.postagesD.correspondences解析：解析：此处需填入对应于上一句 cost 的词，再结合第 1 句提到的家长和学生少贷款并多申请奖学金，判断这里要节约大学学费，最符合此意的是 B 项 bills“账单”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.proposedB.questionedC.f
28、ound D.imagined解析：解析：空格前的 The large private lender 是一个借贷机构，指的是第 1 句提到的 Sallie Mae，本句后面的 grants and scholarships 等词不但与第一句重合，而且下一句还有具体数据。由此判断这里是在介绍 Sallie Mae 的具体报告内容，故选与第 1 段 according to 近义的词，C 项 found“发现”符合要求。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.controlledB.deletedC.boostedD.covered 解析：解析：根据第 1 句提到的“家长和学生少贷款并多申请奖学金”
29、，应填入表达“大学的学费大多用助学金和家长的储蓄来支付”的词，故选 D 项 covered“支付”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.broughtB.passedC.carriedD.counted 解析：解析：本句是在重复第 1 句的意思，故此处需要一个动词对应第一句的 relying less on故选 D项 counted，count on 意为“依赖”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.appliedB.accounted C.soughtD.exchanged解析：解析：空格前 which 指上文的 parent and student loans，空格后又提到“成本的 7
30、和15”，推断此处是说明贷款在上学成本中的比重，故选 B 项 accounted，account for 意为“占”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.respectively B.fortunatelyC.scientificallyD.conversely解析：解析：本句在阐述家长和学生用贷款来交学费的情况，本空格前是 2 个数据，结合本空前是一个逗号，判断这里要表示出家长贷款和学生贷款“各自”所占比重，故选 A 项 respectively“分别地”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.flexibleB.imaginativeC.striking D.stable解析：解析：本句
31、开头的 But 说明与上一段形成转折，上一段只提到了这份报告中的一个发现“家长和学生少贷款并多申请奖学金”，而本段是另一发现，要跟上一段形成转折，只能是更令人惊讶的发现了，故选 C 项 striking“显著的”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.amongB.despite C.exceptD.like解析：解析：soaring tuition and fees 是说“学杂费不断上涨”，而下半句的 value of college 和remained strong 表明人们对大学的价值很看重，前后半句形成一种转折关系，故选 B 项 despite“尽管”。(11).【C11】（分数：
32、2.00）A.disapprovalB.associationC.communicationD.belief 解析：解析：本句是说人们对大学价值的看法，从下一句的 future，needed 及 stretch financially 等词可知人们很认可大学的价值，故选 D 项 belief“信念”，此词也对应下一句的 believed。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.surveyed B.dismissedC.directedD.discriminated解析：解析：本句用数据在举例说明上一句的人们对大学价值的看法，这是报告的一个发现，而根据常理可知正式的报告数据是要经过“调查研究
33、”才能对外发布的，故选 A 项 surveyed“调查”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.introductionB.applicationC.investment D.invention解析：解析：根据上一句的 the value of college 及 remained strong，再结合后面的 2 个例子中的needed 和 stretch financially，推断此处应该填入对大学在未来的价值表示肯定的词，故选 C 项investment“投资”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.familiarB.desired C.riskyD.idle解析：解析：从上一
34、句的 value of college 及 remained strong 可知人们很肯定大学的价值，故选 B 项desired“渴望的”，表示“人们认为上大学是求得满意工作的必备条件”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.willing B.reluctantC.supposedD.impossible解析：解析：从上一句的 value of college 及 remained strong 等词可知人们很肯定大学的价值，所以让他们 stretch financially(穷尽储蓄)来支付学费，他们应该也会同意的，故选 A 项 willing，be willing to do 意为“
35、愿意做某事”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.resort B.resultC.matterD.dilemma解析：解析：从后半句的“越来越多人寻求以减少成本”说明会采用其他方式而非借款解决学费，再结合空格前表让步的 at lesst，断定人们即使借钱，那也是最后一个使用的办法，故选 A 项 resort，as a last resort 意为“万不得已”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.ways B.advantagesC.influencesD.implications解析：解析：下一句是对本句的举例说明，因此此处需填入对应下一句 steps 的词，故选 A 项 way
36、s“方法”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.valuableB.dependableC.affordable D.compatible解析：解析：本句承接上一句的意思，说所有受访的家庭都至少采取一个措施来让大学变得，再根据上一句的 cut costs，断定节省成本肯定是要让大学更加的实惠，故选 C 项 affordable“付得起的”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.topB.famousC.internationalD.local 解析：解析：上两句提到要人们要采取措施来省钱，而本句的 in-state tuition 就是较为省钱的学费，能支付这种学费的，肯定是州内大学
37、了，故选 D 项 local“当地的”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.tenantsB.relatives C.foreignersD.householders解析：解析：or 表明其前后的意思相近，要想省钱除了住家里，还可以住亲戚家里，故选 B 项 rela-rives“亲戚”Harvard professor Harvey Mansfield stirred up controversy recently by criticizing the violent grade inflation at his institution, stating, “I was told tha
38、t the most frequently given grade at Harvard right now is an A-.“ A recent【C1】_of 200 colleges and universities also found that more than 40 percent of all grades awarded were in the A range. Some argue that these inflated grades are【C2】_for the competitive job market, but at the national level it i
39、s a negative-sum game that【C3】_serious costs on society. Because grades are【C4】_at A or A+, grade inflation results in a greater concentration of students at the【C5】_of the distribution. This【C6】_of grades diminishes their value as a(n) 【C7】_of student abilities. There is also evidence that【C8】_grad
40、ing reduces student effort. As giving low grades puts students at a disadvantage【C9】_to their peers, professors face strong【C10】_to award inflated grades. 【C11】_universities need to take steps to bring it under【C12】_. Recently, some universities have experimented with【C13】_information about the grad
41、e distribution for each course either online or on student transcripts. So, if employers are aware that grades in a particular course were high, they might be less【C14】_with the students who earned those grades. Thus, students might seek out tougher courses,【C15】_professors to offer such courses in【
42、C16】_. The administration of Princeton issued a【C17】_that no more than 35 percent of grades awarded in undergraduate courses should be in the A range. These steps may not be【C18】_with students and professors, but it“s necessary to prevent higher education from【C19】_into Lake Wobegon “where. all the
43、children are above【C20】_.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.suggestionB.subjectC.study D.opinion解析：解析：found 后宾语从句的主语 more than 40 percent of all grades awarded(40以上的给分)应指上文提及的“200 所学院和大学中的 40%以上”，故推断这是对这 200 所学校调查后得出的结论，因此选 C 项 study“研究”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.helpful B.successfulC.skillfulD.awful解析：解析：本句后半句
44、的 but 表明前后半句意思相反，后半句中的 negative 和 cost 等词表明这里是在说负面效果，所以判断前半句是对给高分的正面评价。故选 A 项 helpful“有帮助的”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.removesB.providesC.injectsD.imposes 解析：解析：空格前后的 negative，serious costs 等贬义词表明此处需要一个能接贬义词作宾语的谓语动词，D 项符合要求，imposeson意为“将强加于”，此处指“此种负和游戏把严重的成本强加于社会”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.fixedB.capped C.locatedD
45、.given解析：解析：根据常理我们知道分数最高就是 A 或 A+，且上文提及“大部分学生都被给予 A 一的分数”，这才会造成下半句的“大部分学生的分数集中”，因此选 B 项 capped“限制”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.lowB.startC.middleD.top 解析：解析：根据第 1、2 句的“现在大学最常给 A 一”，再联系常理能给的最高分就是 A+，可知这会导致分数更集中于高分段，故选 D 项 top“顶部”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.supervisionB.compression C.exclusionD.conversion解析：解析：This 指代
46、上一句的“学生分数集中”，所以此处需要填入与 concentration“集中”意思相近的词，故选 B 项，compression of grades 意为“分数的集中”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.wayB.developmentC.anchorD.indicator 解析：解析：空格前 their 指代 grades“分数”，as 一词意为“作为”，修饰的是 their value,根据常理我们知道分数在一定程度上能说明个人能力，故选 D 项 indicator“指示(者)”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.tolerant B.remarkableC.thoughtful
47、D.familiar解析：解析：前两句说的是给分过高带来的负面后果，本句的 also 和 evidence“证据”说明此处还是说给高分这种做法，故选 A 项 tolerant“宽容的”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.relative B.relatedC.relevantD.equal解析：解析：at a disadvantage 意思是“处于劣势”，而空格前为“被打了低分的学生”，空格后为“他们的同龄人”，推断此处是把这两拨人作比较，故选 A 项，relative to 表示“相对于”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.opportunityB.commitmentC.supportD.pressure 解析：解析：前两句提到给分过高带来的负面后果，而下一段第 1 句就提到要采取措施改变这种情况，故判断本句还是延续这种负面后果。符合这种负面意思的是 D 项 pressure“压力”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.Therefore C.BesidesD.Moreover解析：解析：上一段说给高分带来的负面后果，而本句提到“必须采取措施”，故判断上段和本段之间存在因果关系，因此选 B 项 Therefore“因此”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.considerat
