1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 498 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_“I have great confidence that by the end of the de
2、cade well know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,“ says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,“ he cautions, “some people may have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infectio
3、ns, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.“ This year, 50 percent of the 910 000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survi
4、val rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging13 percent for lung cancer, and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas. With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, w
5、hen they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, unable to turn them off, becomes cancerous
6、. The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious, but the likelihood that many cancers are initiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers. “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process,“ says oncologist William Hayward. Environmental factors can never be
7、 totally eliminated; as Hayward points out, “We cant prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.“ The prospects for cure, though still distant, are brighter. “First, we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself. Second, we have to determine whether there are a limited number of genes in cel
8、ls which are always responsible for at least part of the trouble. If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract its action.“（分数：10.00）(1).What can we infer from the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Robert Weinberg holds that cancer can be cured by the end of the decade.B.It was fifty or sixty y
9、ears before we know how to cure the cancer.C.We have already understood how cancer cells arise.D.We still have a long way to go to find cancer cures.(2).According to the National Cancer Institute estimates, we know that _.（分数：2.00）A.75 percent of cancer patients will surviveB.only 50 percent of peop
10、le who suffer from cancer will surviveC.90 percent of skin cancers will be curedD.some cancer patients five-year survival rate has been increased but not all(3).Oncogenes become cancerous when they _.（分数：2.00）A.are inactiveB.are activatedC.are becoming cancer-causing genesD.made great progress(4).Ac
11、cording to Paragraph 4, all the following are true EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.cancers will never be completely cured for goodB.the exact reason for cancer still remains unknownC.environmental factors can never be prepared againstD.normal changes do no harm to our health(5).What does the underlined word “co
12、unteract“ mean?（分数：2.00）A.Offset.B.Understand.C.Control.D.Determine.At noon on May 4th the carbon-dioxide concentration in the atmosphere around the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii hit 400 parts per million (ppm). The average for the day was 399.73 and researchers at the observatory expect this figu
13、re, too, to exceed 400 in the next few days. The last time such values prevailed on Earth was in the Pliocene epoch (上新世) 4m years ago, when jungles covered northern Canada. There have already been a few readings above 400 ppm elsewherethose taken over the Arctic Ocean in May 2012, for examplebut th
14、ey were exceptional. Mauna Loa is the benchmark (标准) for CO2 measurement because Hawaii is so far from large concentrations of humanity. The Arctic, by contrast, gets a lot of polluted air from Europe and North America. The concentration of CO2 peaks in May, falls until October as plant growth in th
15、e northern hemispheres summer absorbs the gas, and then goes up again during winter and spring. This year the average reading for the whole month will probably also reach 400 ppm, according to Pieter Tans, who is in charge of monitoring at Mauna Loa, and the seasonally adjusted annual figure will re
16、ach 400 ppm in the spring of 2014 or 2015. Mauna Loas readings are one of the worlds longest-running measurement series. The first, made in March 1958, was 315 ppm. That means they have risen by a quarter in 55 years. In the early 1960s they were going up by 0.7 ppm a year. The rate of increase is n
17、ow 2.1 ppmthree times as fastreflecting the relentless rise in green-house-gas emissions. As a rule of thumb, CO2 concentrations will have to be restricted to about 450 ppm if global warming is to be kept below 2 degrees. Because CO2 stays in the atmosphere for decades, artificial emissions of the g
18、as would have to be cut immediately, and then fall to zero by 2075, in order to achieve 450 ppm. There seems no chance of that. Emissions are still going up. At current rates, the Mauna Loa reading will rise above 450 ppm in 2037.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.
19、Mauna Loa Observatory is located in northern CanadaB.about 4 million years ago, jungles covered northern part of the EarthC.the carbon-dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 400 ppm in the next few daysD.it is the first time in human history that carbon-dioxide concentration reaches 400 ppm(2).
20、Mauna Loa is the standard for CO2 measurement for the reason that _.（分数：2.00）A.Hawaii has small concentrations of humanB.its air has been polluted by Europe and North AmericaC.Hawaii has far larger concentrations of humanity than other placesD.The Arctic gets a lot of polluted air from Europe and No
21、rth America(3).The third paragraph tells us that _.（分数：2.00）A.the concentration of CO2 rises during summerB.the concentration of CO2 goes down during winterC.the figure in the spring of 2015 will not reach 400 ppmD.Pieter Tans is the man in charge of supervision at Mauna Loa(4).The rise of green hou
22、se gas emissions leads to _.（分数：2.00）A.the decrease of ppm statisticsB.the faster increasing rate of ppmC.the slower increasing rate of ppmD.the highest readings in recorded history(5).Which is true according to the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.CO2 remains in the atmosphere for several dozen years.B.At
23、 current rates, Mauna Loa reading will rise above 450 ppm by 2075.C.The chance of cutting emissions and achieving 450 ppm by 2075 is good.D.Humans gas emissions have been cut at once in order to achieve 450 ppm.European regulators have contributed to their banks decline, in two ways. First, they are
24、 specifying how much banks can pay in bonuses relative to base pay. Second, they are trying to force banks to hold more capital and to make it easier to allow them to fail by, for instance, separating their retail deposits from their wholesale businesses. The first approach is foolish. It will drive
25、 up the fixed costs of Europes banks and reduce their flexibility to cut expenses in downturns (低迷时期). They will therefore struggle to compete in America or fast-growing Asian markets with foreign rivals that have the freedom to pay the going rate. The second approach is sensible. Switzerland and Br
26、itain are making progress in ending the implicit taxpayer subsidy that supports banks that are too big to fail. The collapse of Irelands economy is warning enough of what happens when governments feel compelled to help out banks that weaken their economies. Some European bankers argue that the conti
27、nent needs investment-banking champions. Yet it is not obvious that European firms or taxpayers gain from having national banks that are good at packaging and selling American subprime loans (次级贷款). Indeed, it is American taxpayers and investors who should worry about the dominance of a few Wall Str
28、eet firms. They bear the main risk of future bail-outs (紧急援助). They would benefit from greater competition in investment banking. IPO fees are much higher in America than elsewhere, mainly because the market is dominated by a few big investment banks. Wall Streets new titans say they are already pen
29、alised by new international rules that insist they have somewhat bigger capital buffers (缓冲) than smaller banks because they pose a greater risk to economies if they fail. Yet the huge economies of scale and implicit subsidies from being too big to fail more than offset (抵销) the cost of the buffers.
30、 Increasing the capital surcharges for big banks would do more for the stability of the financial system than the thicket of Dodd-Frank rules ever will. Five years on from the frightening summer of 2008, Americas big banks are back, and that is a good thing. But there are still things that could mak
31、e Wall Street safer.（分数：10.00）(1).The first approach is foolish because _.（分数：2.00）A.it will do harm to Europes economyB.it will increase the costs of banks in EuropeC.it will cut down the pay of European bankersD.Europes banks have to compete in global markets(2).Switzerland and Britain are making
32、progress in _.（分数：2.00）A.introducing more foreign capitalB.helping the banks that have gone bankruptC.competing with American and Asian banksD.squeezing allowance that backs large banks(3).Who should worry about the dominance of a few Wall Street corporations?（分数：2.00）A.European bankers.B.Small comp
33、anies.C.American investors.D.European taxpayers.(4).Compared with small banks, larger ones have bigger capital buffers because _.（分数：2.00）A.they will threaten the economies if they go bankruptB.the government pays more attention to larger banksC.larger banks have more fund than smaller onesD.they ca
34、n do more for the countrys economy(5).In the following paragraph, the author may _.（分数：2.00）A.recall the economic depression in the year 2008B.discuss the factors that make economy turn aroundC.introduce Americas big banks that come back to lifeD.suggest the things to do to prevent an economic crisi
35、sA self-described socialist and former shop steward, Sir Alex was an odd fit with the centrist Mr. Blair. Yet he was much less impressed by Blairs successor, Gordon Brownthough he was also born in Glasgow and is a lifelong football fan. Nor could Sir Alex quarrel with New Labours embrace of the mark
36、et. English football has become the worlds best because it pays the most: the average weekly wage in the premiership rose by 1,500% between 1992 and 2010. Sir Alex was well rewarded, too; he named his mansion Fairfields, after the ship-making factory where his father once laboured. Sir Alexs success
37、 was based on his enthusiastic embrace of globalisation, something too many people in Labour are still uncomfortable with. He inherited a team that contained two Danes, four Irishmen and 18 Britons. He leaves a squad with players from a dozen countries, including Serbia, Ecuador and Japan. In public
38、-policy terms, United runs both a superb domestic education system and a liberal immigration policy. This is a lesson Labours current leader, Ed Miliband, badly needs to learnhaving expressed regret, in a vague but toe-curling (令人厌恶的) way, that his New Labour forebears let so many foreigners in. Odd
39、ly, perhaps the politician Sir Alex most resembles was not of Labour at all; but rather its Tory female, Margaret Thatcher. He claimed to dislike her. Yet they are similar. Both won global successes through a combination of simple truths and constant drive. Both shared aspiration and opportunity. Bo
40、th made Britain great. Sir Alex would now do well to avoid Lady Thatchers biggest mistake: by lingering at the scene of his triumph. He plans to stay on at United as a director and perhaps instructor to his successor, David Moyes, another able manager and working-class Scot. But such arrangement rar
41、ely works. It would be better, after such a glorious career, if he conceded that Fergie time is now over.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Mr. Blair is a conservative who supports Alexs career.B.Gordon Brown is a team member of Sir Alex.C.Sir Al
42、ex has enjoyed substantial reward.D.Sir Alex has quarreled with New Labour.(2).Alexs mansion was named after _.（分数：2.00）A.the house where he was bornB.the football team that he leadsC.the football team that he favorsD.the factory where his father once worked(3).Alexs success depends on _.（分数：2.00）A.
43、his persistence in his careerB.his team and their collaborationC.his enthusiasm in accepting globalizationD.his insistence in making his dream come true(4).Margaret Thatcher and Sir Alex share all these common points EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.similar personalityB.worldwide triumphC.ambition and chanceD.co
44、ntinuous endeavor(5).What is the authors attitude on Alexs decision to stay at United?（分数：2.00）A.Complete agreement.B.Slight objection.C.Warm welcome.D.A little indifference.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 498 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解
45、析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：“I have great confidence that by the end of the decade well know in vast detail how cancer cells arise,“ says microbiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert on cancer. “But,“ h
46、e cautions, “some people may have the idea that once one understands the causes, the cure will rapidly follow. Consider Pasteur. He discovered the causes of many kinds of infections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cures were available.“ This year, 50 percent of the 910 000 people who suffer
47、from cancer will survive at least five years. In the year 2000, the National Cancer Institute estimates, that figure will be 75 percent. For some skin cancers, the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent. But other survival statistics are still discouraging13 percent for lung cancer, and 2
48、percent for cancer of the pancreas. With as many as 120 varieties in existence, discovering how cancer works is not easy. The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant oncogene, but how remains unknown. If several oncogenes are driven into action, the cell, u
