1、上海交通大学考博英语-1 及答案解析(总分：75.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Listenin(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.Ill have to _ this dress a bit before the wedding next week.（分数：0.50）A.let offB.let goC.let looseD.let out2.From the time of the Greeks to the Great War, medicine s job was simple: to struggle with _ diseases and gross disabil
2、ities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. A. immortal B. immune C lethal D. toxic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, _ the postal service is less efficient.（分数：0.50）A.whereB.sinceC.
3、thatD.whereas4.These people actively try to _ what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English.（分数：0.50）A.suppressB.regressC.enhanceD.revive5.Although the“ on line“ life style has dominated the majority of city youth, most people in the remote countrysi
4、de still think Internet or something is _ to their life.（分数：0.50）A.unconcernedB.irrelevantC.inseparableD.inaccessible6.The company, EDS, is smart enough to _ 90, 000-person workforce into independent microteams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions.（分数：0.50）A.brea
5、k outB.break offC.break away fromD.break down7.The 1982 oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation, and _ the Corporations statutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.（分数：0.50）A.defers
6、B.curtailsC.triggersD.sparks8.The poor quality of the film mined the _ perfect product.（分数：0.50）A.ratherB.muchC.otherwiseD.particularly9.We had been taken over by another firm, and a management _ was under way.（分数：0.50）A.clean upB.set upC.break outD.take out10.The book might well have _ had it been
7、less expensive.（分数：0.50）A.worked outB.gone throughC.caught onD.fitted in11.If you dont want to talk to him, Ill speak to him _ .（分数：0.50）A.on your accountB.on your behalfC.for your partD.in your interest12.What we call nature is, _ , the sum of the changes made by all the various creatures and natur
8、al forces in their intricate actions and influences upon each other and upon their places.（分数：0.50）A.in common senseB.from a senseC.by the senseD.in a sense13.The widely publicized demonstration did not after all _ .（分数：0.50）A.come offB.get onC.break outD.put on14.The elements of nature must be reck
9、oned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the _ of the Russian winter.（分数：0.50）A.severityB.consequenceC.influenceD.threat15.How can personal income tax be levied to _ as many as possible while at the same time ensuring State finances do not suffer too much?（分数：0.50）
10、A.interestB.benefitC.profitD.concern16.An intelligent TV viewer may occasionally become enraged by the _ argumentation in commercials.（分数：0.50）A.imperativeB.fallaciousC.persuasiveD.fabulous17.They reached a(n) _ to keep their dispute out of the mass media.（分数：0.50）A.understandingB.acknowledgementC.l
11、imitationsD.misgivings18.The business was forced to close down for a period but was _ revived.（分数：0.50）A.successivelyB.subsequentlyC.predominantlyD.preliminarily19._ near-perfect English language skills, the students were keen to explore every aspect of Australian culture, from Aussie eating customs
12、 to family and student life, popular culture, the natural landscape and the ever-popular Australian native animals.（分数：0.50）A.PossessingB.AcquiringC.ApprehendingD.Interpreting20.American literary historians are perhaps _ to viewing their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniq
13、ueness. A. prone B. legible C incompatible D. prior（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.Nowadays, our government advocates credit to whatever we do or whoever we contact with. once you _ your words, you will lose your social status and personal reputation.（分数：0.50）A.keep up withB.give away fromC.go back onD.lose sig
14、ht of22.Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week but they are _ by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone.（分数：0.50）A.outdoneB.outweighedC.outrunD.outrivaled23.As we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by arousing our emotions or _
15、our attention from the real issues at hand.（分数：0.50）A.retainingB.sustainingC.distractingD.obscuring24.This is a market in which enterprising businesses _ for the demands of teenagers and older youths in all their rock mania and pop-art forms. A. cater B. entitle C appeal D. subject（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2
16、5.The board of directors have already discussed the subject _ in the previous meetings and they will handle it in all its aspects.（分数：0.50）A.in placeB.at lengthC.on endD.off and on26.The World Bank is taking steps to _ its lending to reducing poverty in the Third World Countries.（分数：0.50）A.orientB.t
17、ailorC.adaptD.adjust27._ this coming Thursdag. it will be too late to enroll for the course.（分数：0.50）A.As ofB.As forC.As toD.As on28.Reflecting on our exploration, we also discovered that people will exploit the newness, vagueness, and breadth of the information Marketplace to support their wishes a
18、nd predilections, _ they may be.（分数：0.50）A.whatsoeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.which29.To many people, a husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family-they need children to enrich the circle, to _ family character and to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. A. repress B. intimidate C vali
19、date D. confine（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.30.He went on to say that he would go to his hometown in _ of peace.（分数：0.50）A.questB.allowanceC.thirstD.greed31.The floods did not start to _ until two days after the rain had stopped.（分数：0.50）A.retireB.recedeC.retreatD.sink32.This is an alarming realization as natur
20、al resources and the environment are being degraded and _ at a record pace.（分数：0.50）A.wastedB.reconstructedC.destructedD.reversed33.The year of 776 B. C. is considered to be the founding date of the Olympic Games in ancient Greece. The Games lasted more than 11 centuries _ they were banned in 393 A.
21、 D.（分数：0.50）A.whenB.afterC.asD.until34.Brushing removes larger particles, but dentists suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food residues and bacteria _ . A. flourish B. collaborate C embark D. congregate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.35.To fund the _ event and also promote the marketing value o
22、f the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department(MDD).（分数：0.50）A.beneficentB.expensiveC.costlyD.luxurious36.After walking for hours without finding the village, we began to have _ about our map.（分数：0.50）A.troublesB.fearsC.limitationsD.misgivings37.Unless I w
23、as _ mistaken, there was. something wrong with Louise.（分数：0.50）A.very muchB.tooC.almostD.very38.Charleswas another monarch _ maligned by Victorian historians.（分数：0.50）A.muchB.veryC.greatlyD.deeply39.Most environmental _ -from climate changes to freshwater and forest habitat loss-have become markedly
24、 worse.（分数：0.50）A.symptomsB.highlightsC.indicatorsD.symbols40.Total investments for this year reached $ 56 million, and to put this into _ investments this year will double those made in 1997.（分数：0.50）A.sightB.visionC.perspectiveD.horizon二、BPart Reading (总题数：6，分数：30.00)In this part you are going to
25、read six passages. Each of the passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice according to the passage you read and write your choice.If you were to examine the birth certificates of every socc
26、er player in 2006s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk elite soccer are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you
27、would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills, b) winter-born bathes tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c) soccer mad p
28、arents are more likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania, d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above“. Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engine
29、ering until he realized he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of
30、training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,“ Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.“This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of me
31、morizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes“ the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meani
32、ngfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus
33、 taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own lavatory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion:
34、the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. or, put another way, expert performers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born.（分数：5.00）(1).The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to _ .（分数：1.00）A.stress the importa
35、nce of professional training.B.spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.C.introduce the topic of what males expert performance.D.explain why some soccer teams play better than others.(2).The word “mania“ (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means _ .（分数：1.00）A.fun.B.craze.C.hysteria.D.excitem
36、ent(3).According to Ericsson good memory _ .（分数：1.00）A.depends on meaningful processing of information.B.results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.C.is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.D.requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.(4).Ericsson a
37、nd his colleagues believe that _ .（分数：1.00）A.talent is a dominating factor for professional success.B.biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.C.the role of talent tends to be overlooked.D.high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.(5).Which of the following proverbs is clo
38、sest to the message the text tries to convey?（分数：1.00）A.“Faith will move mountains.“B.“one reaps what one sows.“C.“Practice makes perfect.“D.“Like father, like son.“For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn“. People are invited to qu
39、ery Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequence
40、s, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, Whats the difference between love and fondness? or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? Its not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out
41、 numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology,
42、 genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (
43、both come in adult and childrens version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savants are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a stat
44、istical population distribution among age pecks, rather tan simply dividing the mental are by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardize
45、d tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?“. Steinberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and prac
46、tical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-str
47、ess conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions of skip.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following may be required in an in
48、telligence test?（分数：1.00）A.Answering philosophical questions.B.Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.C.Telling the differences between certain concepts.D.Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.(2).What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph3?（分数：1.00）A.People
49、no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.B.More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.C.The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.D.Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.(3).People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savants because _
