1、上海交通大学考博英语 2011 年真题及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.In the last few minutes the conversation has become seemingly _ as if the discussion were of some minor domestic matter and not survival itself.（分数：0.50）A.crucialB.centralC.casualD.causal2.The new technological revolut
2、ion in American newspapers has brought increased _ a wider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.（分数：0.50）A.manipulationB.reproductionC.circulationD.penetration3.To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, we must _ the qualities and varieties of products we mak
3、e to the world market demand.（分数：0.50）A.improveB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear4.When traveling, you are advised to take travelers“ checks, which provide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash.（分数：0.50）A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternative5.The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that
4、 _ the speakers stopped for refreshments.（分数：0.50）A.at largeB.at intervalsC.at easeD.at random6.The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in _ again next spring.（分数：0.50）A.assemblyB.sessionC.conferenceD.convention7.The advancement of science
5、 and technology has demonstrated that a fact appearing to contradict to certain theory may actually be _ a more advanced formulation of that theory.（分数：0.50）A.consistent withB.in opposition toC.eliminated byD.incompatible with8.Jenny“s wealth of practical experience and psychological acuity (sharpne
6、ss) _ more than her lack of formal academic training.（分数：0.50）A.compensate forB.account forC.speak volumes forD.make for9.Tom is always lack of self-confidence. His _ character called him to miss many golden opportunities.（分数：0.50）A.diffidentB.ignorantC.proudD.conceited10.130 years later, this singl
7、e wall still stands here in mute _ to the Revolution of Paris Commune in 1873.（分数：0.50）A.testimonyB.memoryC.tributeD.evidence11.There are several _ between the original estimates of the cost and the actual bills.（分数：0.50）A.exaggerationsB.discrepanciesC.breakthroughsD.compliances12.Mrs. Black finds t
8、hat her piano has always had the magic power of taking her away from the grim realities of daily life and _ her to fairyland of her own once she started to play.（分数：0.50）A.transformingB.transportingC.transplantingD.transcending13.My seven-year-old nephew had a pair of new shoes in April and he“s alr
9、eady _ them.（分数：0.50）A.outweighedB.outgrownC.outlivedD.outreached14.Mrs. Green has been living in lown only one year, yet she seems to be _ with everyone who comes to the store.（分数：0.50）A.acceptedB.admittedC.admiredD.acquainted15.The full _ of changes in computer technology will be felt within the n
10、ext few years.（分数：0.50）A.effortB.responseC.impactD.affection16.The service operates 36 libraries throughout the country, while six _ libraries specially serve the countryside.（分数：0.50）A.mobileB.driftingC.shiftingD.rotating17.I seem to have reached a rather gloomy conclusion, but I think that somethi
11、ng cheerful may still be derived _ it.（分数：0.50）A.ofB.offC.fromD.with18._ human behavior may be caused by eating substances that upset the delicate chemical balance in the brain.（分数：0.50）A.DeliberateB.ConsistentC.PrimitiveD.Abnormal19.Britain“s press is unusual _ it is divided into two very different
12、 types of newspaper: the quality press and the popular press.（分数：0.50）A.in howB.in whatC.in whichD.in that20.The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied _ in the area on the night of the fire.（分数：0.50）A.to beB.to have beenC.having beenD.be21.During the conference the speaker
13、 tried to _ his feelings concerning the urgency of a favorable decision.（分数：0.50）A.complyB.imposeC.implyD.convey22.The most _ technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution.（分数：0.50）A.prominentB.prosperousC.solemnD.prevalent23.While admitting that this forecast wa
14、s _ uncertain, the scientists warned against treating it as a cry wolf.（分数：0.50）A.anyhowB.somewhereC.somewhatD.anyway24.Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on _.（分数：0.50）A.consciousnessB.impulseC.instinctD.response25.The boy students in th
15、is school are nearly _ as the girl students to say they intend to get a college degree in business.（分数：0.50）A.as likely twiceB.likely as twiceC.as twice likelyD.twice as likely26.With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very _ for the nineteenth-century factory workers.（分数：
16、0.50）A.hostileB.anxiousC.tediousD.obscure27.To call the music of another music-culture “primitive“ is _ one“s own standards on a group that does not recognize them.（分数：0.50）A.puttingB.emphasizingC.forcingD.imposing28.The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains s
17、o many _ references.（分数：0.50）A.obscureB.acuteC.notableD.objective29.In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the _ concern of state governments.（分数：0.50）A.extinctB.excludingC.excessiveD.exclusive30.One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a _ operation, he quickly
18、 recovered his sight.（分数：0.50）A.delicateB.considerateC.preciseD.sensitive31.In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible _ and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.（分数：0.50）A.scalesB.patternsC.gradesD.ranks32.It is true that _ a wild plant into a major food crop suc
19、h as wheat requires much research time.（分数：0.50）A.multiplyingB.breedingC.magnifyingD.generating33.The government has devoted a large slice of its national _ to agriculture than most other countries.（分数：0.50）A.resourcesB.potentialC.budgetD.economy34.A most _ argument about who should go and fetch the
20、 bread from the kitchen was going on when I came in.（分数：0.50）A.trivialB.delicateC.minorD.miniature35.All the finished products are stored in a _ of the delivery port and shipping is available at any time.（分数：0.50）A.garageB.cabinetC.capsuleD.warehouse36.Satellite conmunications are so up-to-date that
21、 even when _ in the middle of the Pacific, businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door.（分数：0.50）A.glidingB.cruisingC.pilotingD.patrolling37.The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to _ the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.（分数：0
22、.50）A.decreaseB.subtractC.minimizeD.degrade38.When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want, the question _ a variety of answers.（分数：0.50）A.defiesB.magnifiesC.mediatesD.evokes39.If you want to set up a company, you must _ with the regulations laid down by the authorities.（分数：0.50）A.co
23、mplyB.adhereC.confirmD.accord40.The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to its national _.（分数：0.50）A.engagementB.destinyC.capacityD.temperament二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Lithography (平版印刷术) is an art process of p
24、rinting from a plane surface on which the image to be printed is ink-receptive and the blank area ink-repellent. Lithography is based on the antipathy of oil and water. A drawing is made in reverse on the ground surface of the stone with a crayon or ink that contains soap or grease. The image produc
25、ed on the stone will accept printing ink and reject water. Once the grease in the ink has penetrated the stone, the drawing is washed off and the stone kept moist. It is then inked with a roller and printed on a lithographic press. As a process, lithography is probably the most unrestricted, allowin
26、g a wide range of tones and effects. Several hundred fine prints can be taken from a stone. The medium was employed by many 19 th century artists, including Goya, Delacroix, Daumier, Degas, and remains popular with contemporary artists. Among American artists noted for their lithographs are Currier
27、and Ives. The Currier and Ives firm of lithographers was founded Nathaniel Currier in 1834. James Ives joined the firm as a bookkeeper eighteen years later just after becoming Currier“s brother-in-law, and was made a partner in 1857. The pair showed an uncanny (神秘的) ability to predict what the Ameri
28、can public would rash to buy in the way of cheap art, and literally hundreds of thousands of prints from as many as 7,000 individual pictures were turned out and sold from the firm“s shop in lower New York by street vendors and over shop counters throughout the country and even in Europe. Though in
29、the course of time the firm employed some of America“s finest artists, artistic excellence could certainly not be counted among the firm“s real goals. Nevertheless, some time after it went out of business in 1907, the prints enjoyed new popularity as collectors“ items, the rarer examples fetching th
30、ousands of dollars in the 1920“s.（分数：5.00）(1).What occurs when a design has been drawn on a flat surface with a special grease crayon and to which (the surface) water and then ink are applied?（分数：1.00）A.The ink adheres to the crayon image and is repelled by the moist areasB.The ink adheres to the mo
31、ist areas and is repelled by the crayon imageC.The water adheres to the crayon image and is repelled by the moist areasD.Both ink and water are repelled by the crayon image(2).Which of the following correctly describes when Ives became a partner?（分数：1.00）A.As soon as he married Currier“s sisterB.Whe
32、n he could predict American taste in cheap art better than CurrierC.After eighteen years of service to the firmD.When he had worked for the company for about five years(3).According to the passage, what was the particular factor that seemed to make the firm so successful?（分数：1.00）A.Its feeling for w
33、hat the public would buyB.Its choice of shop site in lower New YorkC.The fact that it published prints that became collectors“ itemsD.Its ability to identify upcoming great American artists(4).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.During its whole history, it sold 7,000
34、printsB.The firm“s prints were especially popular in EuropeC.The average number of prints from each picture was fewer than 7,000D.Street vendors were among the firm“s most effective sale force(5).Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The issuing of a Currier 5000 bui
35、ldings have been designated as protected locations. One example of the work done by the Department of Preservation of Historical Monuments is Manege Square, which lies just west of the Kremlin. Throughout Moscow“s past, this Square has been a commercial district. In keeping with that history, the ar
36、ea will be developed as a modern shopping mall, complete with restaurants, theaters, casinos and a parking garage. Archaeologists working in Manege Square uncovered the commercial life of eight centuries. By excavating live meters deep, archaeologists provided a picture of the evolution of commercia
37、l Moscow. Among the finds: wooden street pavement from the time of Ivan the Terrible (16 th century), a wide cobblestone road from the era of Peter the Great (early 18 th century), street paving from the reign of Catherine the Great (mid-to late 18 th century), and a wealthy merchant“s estate (19 th
38、 century). Smaller findsa belt and buckle, a gold chain, shoes, locks, and a horse harnessprovide rich details about the lives of Muscovites of the past. Now Moscow, a city with more and more modern structures appearing all the time, remains largely distinguished by Byzantine cathedrals, 15 th and 1
39、6 th century stone buildings, and the elegant estates of the 18 th and 19 th centuries.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the meaning of the word “chaotic“ (Para. 2, Line 1) in this passage?（分数：1.00）A.DisorderedB.UnformedC.PlanetaryD.Distant(2).From the information in paragraph 2, we can infer that _.（分数：1.00）A.t
40、he people of Moscow are more interested in modernization than in preservationB.the Soviet government destroyed many old buildings in keeping with an anti-czarist policyC.there are very few 850-year-old cities in existence and fewer yet that preserve their pastD.Moscow has a history of invasions, wit
41、h each new conqueror destroying the buildings of the previous regime(3).New buildings flourished in Moscow to _.（分数：1.00）A.bring back the old glory of the cityB.destroy the old buildingsC.compensate with the old buildingsD.represent progress(4).Which of the following assumptions most influenced the
42、views expressed by the writer?（分数：1.00）A.Generally speaking, people are more interested in building new structures than in saving old oneB.Architectural history has little meaning to people struggling to form a new governmentC.Progress and preservation are equally important principles of urban plann
43、ingD.Archaeologists and bureaucrats generally do not work well together(5).Which of the following is TRUE of archaeologists in Moscow?（分数：1.00）A.They have uncovered a great number of historically significant items, both large and smallB.They operate under severe time constraints, as contractors wait
44、 to begin new buildingsC.There are not nearly enough archaeological teams to conduct all the possible researchD.They are concerned about preserving the artifacts of modes of transportation in particular五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)As the English language has changed at a fast speed in the last cent
45、ury, so has the use of the English language. After the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) was founded in 1927, the particular style of speech of the BBC announcers was recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation (RP) English. Now, most people still consider that the pronunciation an
46、d delivery of BBC announcers is the clearest and most understandable spoken English. English has had a strong association with class and social status. However, since the Second World War there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery, and hallmarks of class distinction suc
47、h as styles of speech have been gradually discarded, especially by the younger generation. As the need has arisen, new words have been invented or found from other languages and incorporated into English. Similarly, old words and expressions have been discarded as their usefulness has diminished or
48、the fashions have passed. This also happens to styles and modes of speech which became fashionable at a particular time and“ in specific circumstances. By the end of the 1960s it became apparent that it was not necessary to speak Standard English or even correct grammar to become popular, successful
49、 and rich. The fashionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class but rather a defiant expression of classlessness. The greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times is the American English. Over the last 25 years the English used by many people, particularly by those in the media, advertising and show business, has
