1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-57 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)四、Test One(总题数：1，分数：20.00)We“ve all heard how important it is to set and track goals. It“s now common to hear people refer to their “bucket lists“. But after setting all those goals, we“re often faced with a hard truth: we will not have enough money to re
2、ach all our goals. A few weeks ago, I spoke with someone about her bucket list. With tears in her eyes, she told me she finally realized that she might not ever have the money to do some of the things on her list. Yet this same person appeared to live a life that many would consider a dream. She par
3、ticipated in her community and enjoyed meaningful work. Life wasn“t bad in any measurable way. The question is what do we do about it? Can we avoid it? I suggest something radical. I believe it“s time we let go of outcome-based goal setting and instead focus on the process of living the lives we wan
4、t right now. Letting go of outcome-based goals can bring us freedom. Comment 1: This is a very important article that comes to me at a time in life when these lessons really resonate (共鸣). Comment 2: Goals can be a great method of changing habits, but every list needs to be maintained, and that can
5、mean weeding out even the most laudable (值得赞赏) of goals if it isn“t really in line with the life of the person. Comment 3: The problem with long-term goals is that we often just set them, but don“t spend the time and effort to find out the right path to reach them. Comment 4: I think the most distur
6、bing thing is measuring ourselves against each other“s statuses, material possessions etc. This makes you eventually feel underappreciated even though you are not. And then it makes you want things. And when you get it, you start to measure yourself against the bigger car your neighbor has got. And
7、then. Comment 5: Keep your goals top-of-mind by making them visible. I am a big fan of the sticker-chartyes, the same thing your mom might have used when you were a kid for potty training and chores. I love seeing my stickers add up. Added bonus, I keep mine on the fridge so I am reminded of my goal
8、s every time I reach for a meal or snack. Comment 6: We“re competitive. We like to compare ourselves to other people. We love to race to see if we“re good enough to win. We“re all striving for happiness. But we don“t have units of happy we can measure. I think in some instances we“ve substituted mea
9、suring money for happiness even though few people have set the explicit goal of having more money than the next person. Comment 7: Another way to enjoy is to rent rather than buy. Yet another strategy is to buy something, enjoy it for a while, then sell it. Even real estate. Turn it over every so of
10、ten if that fits your plan. There are solutions if you really want something, most of which involve giving something up in exchange for something else. Too many goals may just be cluttering up your life anyway.（分数：20.00）(1).What does this quoted blog mainly discuss?（分数：4.00）A.Proper ways to set and
11、achieve goals.B.Gaps between expectations and reality.C.Means to make life more enjoyable.D.Solutions to the problem of money shortage.(2).What does “bucket lists“ in the quoted blog (Para. 1) refer to?（分数：4.00）A.Things people want to share.B.Wills people want to meet.C.Goals people want to attain.D
12、.Secrets people want to disclose.(3).The author of the quoted blog cites the example of the woman to demonstrate that _.（分数：4.00）A.process is more important than outcomeB.people usually set a lot more goals to achieveC.this woman has her own dreamsD.community work is more meaningful(4).Among all the
13、 comments, which of the following choices concern the solution to the problem discussed in the quoted blog?（分数：4.00）A.Comment 1, Comment 3 and Comment 5.B.Comment 2, Comment 5 and Comment 7.C.Comment 2, Comment 4 and Comment 7.D.Comment 3, Comment 5 and Comment 6.(5).It can be inferred from Comment
14、4 that _.（分数：4.00）A.people are often dissatisfied with what they presently haveB.people often feel underappreciated even though they are notC.people often measure themselves against each otherD.people are often troubled by more material possessions五、Test Two(总题数：1，分数：20.00)“The fact that women conti
15、nue to earn less than men has been well documented. And while part of that pay gap can be explained away, there is still a significant piece that cannot. But new research suggests that the wage gap may potentially be attributed to the way women are perceived in the workplace. When a manager knows th
16、ey can blame the company“s financial woes for their pay decisions, they are likely to give women smaller raises than their male counterparts. And that“s because women may be seen as being more readily appeased by such excuses than men. The findings, which came from an experiment conducted with 184 m
17、ale and female managers with real-world experience who participated in a simulation, found that managers gave male employees 71 percent of money available for raises while they only allocated 29 percent of the funds to female employees. The results were even more pronounced among more experienced ma
18、nagers.“ Comment 1: I am very glad to read this evidence that the pay gap between men and women is not solely because women are less skilled at negotiating. My own personal experience demonstrates the theory that the pay gap has more to do with how women are perceived than negotiation skills. When m
19、en negotiate, they are viewed as savvy, not always the case with women. Comment 2: I would be interested in hearing how women in other countries fare in the area of wage discrimination. Comment 3: Employers would prefer not to give any raises at all, if they didn“t have to. What forces them to do it
20、? They are afraid their best employees will leave and take jobs at other companies. So if they give smaller raises to women than to men, then they believe that the men are more likely to leave. That is, they think that men are more aggressive and not willing to listen to excuses. These men don“t car
21、e as much about what they have established there. If the money isn“t there, they“re ready to strike out and make a change. Comment 4: I think the biggest reason is women are just much apt to accept what they are offered rather than negotiate it higher, like many males will do. Comment 5: Women are p
22、ressured to accept whatever“s offered. We were and probably still are raised to feel that wanting more is not a good thing. Comment 6: They should run the same experiment with older employees vs younger employees. If you are 28, you are probably single or a coupleprobably living in an apartment or r
23、ented home. It is easy to move to another city for a new job. If you are 48, you have neighborhood, community and children who don“t want to leave their friendsand are probably living in a mortgaged home. Even when the housing market is good, it is difficult to move to another city for a new job. Ju
24、st as with the women vs men situation, managers know this fundamental difference and take advantage of it. Comment 7: I“ve never experienced anything like this. I“ve always worked extremely hard for bonuses and gotten paid what I asked for.（分数：20.00）(1).All the commentators try to respond in their w
25、riting to _.（分数：4.00）A.difference between men and womenB.pay gap causes between male and femaleC.allocation of money in companiesD.perceptions of women in workplace(2).Which of the following explains the wage gap between men and women, according to the quoted blog?（分数：4.00）A.Managers perceive men an
26、d women differently.B.Managers have hostility towards women.C.Women are not as capable as men.D.Women are not as devoted as men.(3).According to Comment 3, when male employees are not satisfied with the wage, they would choose to _.（分数：4.00）A.negotiateB.attackC.leaveD.complain(4).Among all the comme
27、nts, which of the following choices argue that women seem to be subject to what is offered?（分数：4.00）A.Comment 1 and Comment 7.B.Comment 3 and Comment 6.C.Comment 2 and Comment 4.D.Comment 4 and Comment 5.(5).It is implied by the writer of Comment 7 that _.（分数：4.00）A.he/she has never experienced wage
28、 prejudiceB.one should try hard to work for bonusesC.one can get what is desired working hard enoughD.one should accept the reality六、Test Three(总题数：1，分数：20.00)“It may be the most common kind of child abuseand the most challenging to deal with. But psychological abuse, or emotional abuse, rarely gets
29、 the kind of attention that sexual or physical abuse receives. Psychological maltreatment can include belittling, neglecting a child or threatening a child with violence. It also includes allowing a child to witness violence or severe abuse. What makes this kind of maltreatment so hard to detect and
30、 identify, however, is that it“s not defined by any one specific event, but rather by the nature of the relationship between caregiver and child. Keeping a child in a constant state of fear is abuse, for example. But even the most loving parent will occasionally lose their cool and yell. Likewise, d
31、epriving a child of ordinary social interaction is also abuse, but there“s nothing wrong with sending a school-aged boy to stew alone in his room for an hour after he hits a younger sibling. All of this means that, for an outsider who observes even some suspected parenting practice, it can be hard t
32、o tell whether a relationship is actually abusive, or whether you“ve simply caught a family on a bad day.“ Comment 1: An abused child may become depressed. He or she may withdraw, think of suicide or become violent. An older child may use drugs or alcohol, try to run away or abuse others. Comment 2:
33、 Maybe if the culture values people, it gets easier. Take all the countries where the Morn has a week to recover in hospital after giving birth and doesn“t have to stress about costs. Take companies that provide quality free childcare on site. Comment 3: Kids might be afraid of the consequences of r
34、eporting abuse, either because they fear the abuser or the family is financially dependent on that person. For reasons like these, abuse often goes unreported and many kids and teens don“t tell anyone what is going on. Comment 4: I“m glad we“re finally starting to recognize psychological abuse of ch
35、ildren as a real problem. For too long, some have had to evaluate their perception of being abused after it occurred when society at large gave no term to it. These people have not known where to turn or how to recover. Others don“t know how to treat these people because they have no training, no po
36、int of reference, and very little understanding of their condition. Comment 5: Many kids who are abused distrust others. They may feel a lot of anger toward other kids and themselves, and it can be hard to make friends. Comment 6: It“s also possible that the parent doesn“t intend to keep the child i
37、n a constant state of fear. They could be overworked and stressed out to the point that they get home and blow up over the smallest thing. Comment 7: Children who are abused might have trouble getting help because it means they“d be reporting on someone they lovesomeone who may be wonderful much of
38、the time and awful to them only some of the time.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true about child psychological abuse according to the quoted blog?（分数：4.00）A.It is not so serious as physical abuse or sexual abuse.B.It does not receive sufficient attention from the public.C.It displays di
39、fferent forms like keeping a child in fear.D.It might be the most common sort of child abuse.(2).Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of psychological abuse in the quoted blog?（分数：4.00）A.Ignoring a child even though he is in need.B.Shouting at a child when he makes trouble.C.Depriving a
40、 child of ordinary social interaction.D.Allowing a child to see violence or severe maltreatment.(3).It can be inferred from the last paragraph of the quoted blog that _.（分数：4.00）A.depriving a child of ordinary social interaction is abuseB.it is wrong for a school-aged boy to hit his brother or siste
41、rC.child psychological abuse is quite hard to identifyD.the most loving parent will sometimes fail to remain cool(4).Among all the comments, which of the following choices explain why children do not report abuse?（分数：4.00）A.Comment 2 and Comment 6.B.Comment 3 and Comment 7.C.Comment 4 and Comment 5.
42、D.Comment 5 and Comment 6.(5).According to the writer of Comment 6, parents may become short-tempered when _.（分数：4.00）A.the child is troublemakingB.the elder child neglects the younger oneC.they keep the child in fearD.they are exhausted and stressed七、Test Four(总题数：1，分数：16.00)Excerpt 1: Weight train
43、ing helps to prevent type 2 diabetes in men, research suggests. Researchers found regular weights reduced the risk by up to a third, in the study of more than 32,000 men published in the Archives of Internal Medicine journal. It is already well known that regular exercise can prevent the disease. Bu
44、t the report is considered important as weights provide an alternative to aerobic (有氧的) exercises such as running for people who are not so mobile. Excerpt 2: Researchers say they have discovered why men may be more likely than women to develop type 2 diabetesthey are biologically more susceptible.
45、Men need to gain far less weight than women to develop the condition, study findings suggest. The Glasgow University team found men developed the disease at a lower Body Mass Index (BMI) than women. Excerpt 3: Opticians should offer blood sugar checks alongside eye tests to help spot patients with u
46、ndiagnosed diabetes, experts propose. A simple finger prick blood test in this setting could identify hundreds of thousands of people with type 2 diabetes, according to researchers. Excerpt 4: The rising rates of diabetes mean the condition now accounts for nearly a 10th of the annual NHS drugs bill
47、 in England, official figures show. Excerpt 5: The number of adults with diabetes in the world has more than doubled since 1980, a study in the Lancet says. Researchers from Imperial College London and Harvard University in the US analysed data from 2.7m people across the world, using statistical te
48、chniques to project a worldwide figure. The total number of people with all forms of the diseasewhich can be fatalhas risen from 153m to 347m. The authors said 70% of the rise was down to people living longer. Excerpt 6: An extreme eight-week diet of 600 calories a day can reverse Type 2 diabetes in
49、 people newly diagnosed with the disease, says a Diabetologia study. Seven out of 11 people studied were free of diabetes three months later, say findings published in the journal. More research is needed to see whether the reversal is permanent, say experts. Excerpt 7: Giving young children vitamin D supplements may reduce their risk of developing type 1 diabetes later in life, research suggests. Children who took supplements were around 30% less likely to develop the condition than those who did not.（分数：16.00）(1).All of the following help to reduce
