1、1998年在职申硕（同等学力）英语真题试卷（精选）及答案与解析 Section A Directions: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the s
2、quare brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 1 People of diverse backgrounds now fly to distant places for pleasure, business or education. （ A） different （ B） distinctive （ C） similar （ D） separated 2 The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the prize. （ A） motive （ B） initi
3、ative （ C） excitement （ D） entertainment 3 Sometimes, the messages are conveyed through deliberate, conscious gestures; other times, our bodies talk without our even knowing. （ A） definite （ B） intentional （ C） delicate （ D） interactive 4 Hunters have almost exterminated many of the larger animals w
4、hile farmers destroyed many smaller animals. （ A） wounded （ B） reduced （ C） killed （ D） trapped 5 Today black children in south Africa are still reluctant to study subjects from which they were effectively barred for so long. （ A） anxious （ B） curious （ C） opposed （ D） unwilling 6 If a cat comes too
5、 close to its nest, the mocking bird initiates a set of actions to protect its off spring. （ A） hastens （ B） triggers （ C） devises （ D） releases 7 Panic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly. （ A） Tension （ B） Excitement （ C） Fear （ D） Nervousness 8 L
6、ighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience. （ A） ideal （ B） required （ C） optional （ D） standard 9 Many observers believe that country will remain in a state of chaos if it fails to solve its chronic food shortage problem. （ A） transien
7、t （ B） starving （ C） severe （ D） serial 10 The exhibition is designed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese TV industry and overseas TV industries. （ A） establish （ B） maximize （ C） guarantee （ D） promote Section B Directions: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each
8、sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your rnachine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 11 Anyone who can study abroad is fortunate; but, of course, it is not easy to ma
9、ke the _from one culture to another. （ A） translation （ B） transportation （ C） transmission （ D） transition 12 We_that diet is related to most types of cancer, but we dont have definite proof. （ A） assure （ B） suspect （ C） ascertain （ D） suspend 13 How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or
10、 near resort areas can be_to tourist spending? （ A） contributed （ B） applied （ C） attributed （ D） attached 14 Not all persons arrested and_with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law. （ A） sentenced （ B） accused （ C） persecuted （ D） c
11、harged 15 He_in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank after it had been robbed. （ A） justified （ B） witnessed （ C） testified （ D） identified 16 If you are a member of a club, you must_to the rules of that club. （ A） conform （ B） appeal （ C） refer （ D） access 17 With the constant ch
12、ange of the conditions, the outcome is not always_. （ A） favorable （ B） predictable （ C） dependable （ D） reasonable 18 Instead of answering the question, the manager_ his shoulders as if it were not important. （ A） shrugged （ B） touched （ C） raised （ D） patted 19 I am sorry for the_tone in your lett
13、er, but I feel sure that things are not so bad with you as you say. （ A） apologetic （ B） threatening （ C） pessimistic （ D） grateful 20 A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can no longer be satisfactorily_. （ A） diminished （ B） alleviated （ C） replaced （
14、 D） abolished 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square
15、 brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 20 Nuclear powers danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It cant be seen or heard, or touched or ta
16、sted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we cant detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we cant sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation
17、 is not harmless to human beings and other living things. At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation d
18、oes not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright, your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble.
19、 They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years. This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person ca
20、n be irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents. Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth. 21 According to the passage, the danger of nu
21、clear power lies in_. （ A） nuclear mystery （ B） radiation detection （ C） radiation level （ D） nuclear radiation 22 Radiation can cause serious consequences even at the lowest level_. （ A） when it kills few cells （ B） if it damages few cells （ C） though the damaged cells can repair themselves （ D） un
22、less the damaged cells can reproduce themselves 23 The word “significant“ in Paragraph 3 most probably means_. （ A） remarkable （ B） meaningful （ C） fatal （ D） harmful 24 Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can_. （ A） kill large numbers of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediately （
23、B） damage cells which may grow into cancer years later （ C） affect the healthy grow of our offspring （ D） all of the above 25 Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage? （ A） The importance of protection from radiation cannot be over-emphasized. （ B） The mystery about radiation rem
24、ains unsolved. （ C） Cancer is mainly caused by radiation. （ D） Radiation can hurt those who are not aware of its danger. 25 In some ways, the United States has made spectacular progress. Fires no longer destroy 18,000 buildings as they did in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, or kill half a town of 2,
25、400 people, as they did the same night in Peshtigo, Wisconsin. Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club fire in Kentucky in 1977, it has been four decades since more than 100 Americans died in a fire. But even with such successes, the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the w
26、orld. Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough. American fire departments are some of the worlds fastest and best-equipped. They have to be. The United States has twice Japans population, and 40 t
27、imes as many as fires. It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. And American fire-safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children, who die in disproportionately large numbers in fires but who, contrary to popular myth, start very few of then. Experts say the fatal error is
28、an attitude that fires are not really anyones fault. That is not so in other countries, where both public education and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a crime. Japan has many wood houses; of the estimated 48 fires in world history that burned more than 10,000 buildings, Japan ha
29、s had 27. Penalties for causing a severe fire by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment. In the United States, most education dollars are spent in elementary schools. But the lessons are aimed at too limited an audience; just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with m
30、atches. The United States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure. There are some smoke detectors in 85 percent of all homes. Some local building codes now require home sprinklers. New heaters and irons shut themselves off if they are tipped. 26 The reason why so many Ameri
31、cans die in fires is that_. （ A） they took no interest in new technology （ B） they did not attach great importance to preventing fires （ C） they showed indifference to fighting fires （ D） they did not spend enough money on fire facilities 27 Although the fire death rate has declined, the United Stat
32、es_. （ A） still has the worst fire death rate in the world （ B） is still alert to the fire problem （ C） is still training a large number of safety experts （ D） is still confronted with the serious fire problem 28 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） fire safety lessons should be aimed at
33、American adults （ B） American children have not received enough education of fire safety lesson （ C） Japan is better equipped with fire facilities than the United States （ D） Americas large population accounts for high fire frequency 29 In what aspects should the United States learn from Japan? （ A）
34、 Architecture and building material. （ B） Education and technology. （ C） Laws and attitude. （ D） All of the above. 30 To narrow the gap between the fire death rate in the United States and that in other countries, the author suggests_. （ A） developing new technology （ B） counting more on laws and so
35、cial pressure （ C） placing a fire extinguisher in every family （ D） reinforcing the safeness of household appliances 30 There are hidden factors which scientists call “feedback mechanisms“. No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate. Heres one example: plants and animals ada
36、pt to climate change over centuries. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation(植物 )may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometres a year faster than trees can naturally migrate. Species
37、 that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die. The 1,000-kilometre-wide strip of forest running through Canada, the USSR and Scandinavia could be cut by half. Millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires, releasing tons of CO2 and further boosting global warming. The
38、re are dozens of other possible “feedback mechanisms“. Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming. Others, like the “albedo“ effect, will do the opposite. The “albedo“ effect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earths su
39、rface. As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes(戳 )through, more heat will be absorbed, adding to the global temperature increase. Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades. Delay will simpl
40、y make the problem worse. The fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are. In the developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels. Material progress has been linked to energy consumption. Today 75 percent of all the worlds energy is consumed by a quar
41、ter of the worlds population. The average rich world resident adds about 3. 2 tons of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere, more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen. The US, with just 7 percent of the global population, is responsible for 22 percent of global warming. 31 “Feedback me
42、chanisms“ in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to_. （ A） how plants and animals adapt to hidden factors （ B） how plants and animals interact with the changing climate （ C） how climate changes （ D） how climate zones shift 32 James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by_
43、. （ A） the cutting of many trees （ B） desirable environmental changes （ C） successful migration of species （ D） unsuccessful migration of trees 33 We can learn from the passage that_. （ A） some feedback mechanisms may slow down global warming （ B） the basic facts of global warming are unknown （ C） d
44、eveloping countries benefit from cheap fossil fuels （ D） developed countries have decided to reduce their energy consumption 34 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） the developing world has decided to increase its energy consumption （ B） a third-world citizen adds less than a ton of CO2 y
45、early to the atmosphere （ C） the world climate would soon gain its balance if we stopped greenhouse-gas emissions （ D） future prosperity of the world is dependent on cheap fossil fuels 35 Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? （ A） Material Progress and Energy Consumption. （ B） Pro
46、sperity and Cheap Fossil Fuels. （ C） Impact of Global Warming on Climate. （ D） Plants and Animals in the Changing Climate. 35 Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities. Since about 1970, new rese
47、arch has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brai
48、n is organized. You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong. In one study, researchers examined the brain of the learning-disabled person who h
49、ad died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together. The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabil
