1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-78 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Paper One(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Dialogue Comm(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：5，分数：5.00)1.A: Why, you went to the cocktail party wearing such a shabby tie and so worn a suit? You are really a gentleman!B: _.（分数：1.00）A.But dont you know its not the good clo
2、thes that make a gentleman?B.Wearing such a shabby tie isnt so important for me to be a capable businessman.C.Im not really a gentleman.D.I think I am a real gentleman even in such a shabby ti2.A: Just look at the fog outside.B: _.（分数：1.00）A.You should stay inside.B.Dont worry. The radio said that i
3、t should clear up by tomorrow.C.You should have listened to the weather forecast.D.Im sorry, but I cant see anythin3.A: We dont seem to have a reservation for you, Sir. Im sorry.B: _.（分数：1.00）A.Whats the matter with you? Dont you believe my secretary has made reservations for me here?B.OK. Lets go t
4、o somewhere else. But surely my secretary made reservations for me here.C.Whats the use of your being sorry? My secretary made reservations for me here. You dont believe her?D.But my secretary said that she had made reservations for me here. I phoned her from the airport this morning just as I left
5、hom4.A: We should write letters to our friends who live outside the country.B: _.（分数：1.00）A.Sounds like a great idea. We need to cut down on our phone bill.B.Why bother? They will write to us.C.Our friends wouldnt write to us.D.Our friends would rather we do not writ5.A: I cant remember what time th
6、e movie starts.B: _.（分数：1.00）A.I cant, either. But I think we should arrive at the theater early.B.What? How can you forget?C.I think its eight, but wed better not wait until the last minute, or we might not get seats.D.I think the last minutes of the movie are worth waiting for.四、Section B(总题数：5，分数
7、：5.00)6.Man: Is the freeway always this deserted?Woman: Its the middle of the day. Everyone is at work.Question: What does the woman imply?（分数：1.00）A.The freeway isnt usually as empty as it is now.B.Many prefer to eat dessert in the middle of the day.C.The freeway isnt working in the middle of the d
8、ay.D.Most people prefer to work at night.7.Woman: My cousin Bob is getting married in California and I cant decide whether to go.Man: Its a long trip, but I think youll have a good time.Question: What does the man imply?（分数：1.00）A.Bob has been married for a long time.B.The woman should go to Califor
9、nia.C.He plans to go to the wedding.D.He hasnt been to California for a long tim8.Woman: Thanks a lot! This scarf will be perfect with my blue jacket.Man: Made a good choice, did I?Question: What does the man mean?（分数：1.00）A.He wants to know which scarf the woman chose.B.He wants to know what color
10、the jacket is.C.He thinks he selected a nice scarf.D.He thinks any color would go well with the jacket.9.Man: What should we do tonight?Woman: Theres supposed to be a huge sale at the mall.Question: What does the woman mean?（分数：1.00）A.She wants to buy food.B.She has to sell food.C.The sale has been
11、postponed.D.She intends to do some shoppin10.Man: Ive made a decision about my term paper. Its going to focus on the Industrial Revolution.Woman: That might not be approvedit seems too broad.Question: What does the woman imply?（分数：1.00）A.She implies that she also wants to write about the Industrial
12、Revolution.B.She implies that she might also write the term paper.C.She implies that he should get started right away.D.She implies that the subject might not be appropriat五、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Section A(总题数：10，分数：5.00)11.Recent research into aging suggests that the bodys defense mechani
13、sms may lose the ability to distinguish what is alien.（分数：0.50）A.insaneB.infectiousC.foreignD.poisonous12.The findings of the two studies contradict each other, though both groups of scientists have used the same method.（分数：0.50）A.agree withB.confirmC.complementD.disagree with13.We have to install n
14、ew water pipes in our house; these are corroded.（分数：0.50）A.worn thinB.worn awayC.worn upD.worn hollow14.Ahead of other parts of the nation, the territory of Wyoming granted women the vote in 1869.（分数：0.50）A.PrecedingB.PreventingC.OpposingD.Urging15.As a famous leader of human rights movement, Martin
15、 Luther King detested injustice.（分数：0.50）A.recognizedB.sufferedC.confrontedD.hated16.Thomas Edisons office was always disorganized with books and papers.（分数：0.50）A.discardedB.scatteredC.sortedD.decorated17.Tom is reliable, so you can count on him.（分数：0.50）A.trustB.skulkC.recantD.vilify18.In the play
16、 Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf? a woman and her husband spend most of their time quarreling.（分数：0.50）A.arguing on small mattersB.fighting for who is rightC.gossiping on their neighborsD.teasing on each other19.Attending a church, temple, or mosque is one way to make agreeable friends.（分数：0.50）A.endu
17、ringB.congenialC.elderlyD.numerous20.Jim did not like our plan; so he countered it with one of his own.（分数：0.50）A.answeredB.opposedC.rejectedD.replaced七、Section B(总题数：10，分数：5.00)21.She has decided to _ some money every month to help three peasant girls in poverty-stricken areas.（分数：0.50）A.lay downB.
18、lay asideC.set upD.stand up to22.You will soon _ this climate and then the changes in temperature will not affect you.（分数：0.50）A.get overB.get toC.get used toD.get on with23.Rejecting the urging of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose to _ on math and theoretical physics.（分数：0.50）A.
19、imposeB.centerC.overworkD.concentrate24.Respect for each others sovereignty and non-interference in each others internal affairs _ the fundamental principles guiding Sino-American relations.（分数：0.50）A.confirmB.constructC.composeD.constitute25.China is currently enjoying social _ and fine internation
20、al reputation.（分数：0.50）A.reliabilityB.stabilityC.persistenceD.solidity26.Dialogue and cooperation between the North and the South on the urgent economic problems in the world should be _ and strengthened at all levels.（分数：0.50）A.renewedB.resumedC.retainedD.rectified27.Very few experts _ with complet
21、ely new answers to the worlds economic problems.（分数：0.50）A.come toB.come roundC.come upD.come on28.Several companies are _ for the contract to build the bridge.（分数：0.50）A.askingB.joiningC.invitingD.bidding29.Nonwovens usually consist of at least two _: the fiber and the binder.（分数：0.50）A.opponentsB.
22、componentsC.complementsD.compliments30.The Chinese government reiterates that Taiwan is Chinas _ and the question of Taiwan is Chinas internal affair.（分数：0.50）A.domainB.realmC.districtD.territory八、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)九、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)For more than thirty years after astronaut
23、s first set foot on the Moon, scientists have been unable to unravel the mystery of where the Earths only satellite came from. But now there is direct evidence that the Moon was born after a giant collision between the young Earth and another planet.Previous studies of rocks from the Earth and the M
24、oon have been unable to distinguish between the two, suggesting that they formed from the same material. But this still left room for a number of theories explaining howfor example, that the Moon and Earth formed from the same material at the same time. It was even suggested that the early Earth spu
25、n so fast it formed a bulge that eventually broke off to form the Moon.Franck Poitrasson, and his colleagues at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology have compared Moon rocks with rocks from Earth and discovered a surprising difference. They analysed the weight of the elements present in the roc
26、k using a highly accurate form of mass spectroscopy(光谱研究) that involves vaporising a sample by passing it through an argon (氩) flame. Although they appeared very similar in most respects, the Moon rocks had a higher ratio of iron-57 to iron-54 isotopes(同位素)than the Earth rocks. “The only way we coul
27、d explain this difference is that the Moon and the Earth were partly vaporised during their formation,“ says Poitrasson.Only the popular “giant planetary impact“ theory could generate the temperatures of more than 1700 needed to vaporise iron. In this scenario, a Mars-sized planet known as Theia cra
28、shed into Earth 50 million years after the birth of the Solar System. This catastrophic collision would have released 100 million times more energy than the impact believed to have wiped out the dinosaursenough to melt and vaporise a large portion of the Earth and completely destroy Theia. The debri
29、s from the collision would have been thrown into orbit around the Earth and eventually coalesced to form the Moon.When iron is vaporised, the lighter isotopes burn off first. And since the ejected debris that became the Moon would have been more thoroughly vaporised, it would have lost a greater pro
30、portion of its lighter iron isotopes than Earth did. This would explain the different ratios that Poitrasson has found.（分数：6.00）(1).The main theme of the passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.the differences between the Earth and the MoonB.how man manages to set foot onto the MoonC.the collision between the Earth
31、 and the MoonD.the origin of the Moon(2).Previous studies could not distinguish between _.（分数：1.00）A.the rocks from the Earth and the MoonB.the Earth and the MoonC.the Moon and the man-made satellitesD.the young Earth and other planets(3).Franck Poitrasson and his colleagues analyzed the weight of t
32、he elements present in the rock in order to _.（分数：1.00）A.find out which rock contains more ironB.see how hot it needs to vaporize ironsC.investigate how the Moon was formedD.estimate which rock is more valuable(4).The passage tells us that the Theia crashed into the Earth _.（分数：1.00）A.100 million ye
33、ars agoB.leading to the rapid reproduction of the dinosaursC.vaporizing the iron on the EarthD.producing enough energy to split the Earth into halves(5).Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The Moon was born after a giant collision between the young Earth
34、and another planet.B.The Moon rocks had a higher ratio of iron 57 to iron 54 isotopes than the Earth rocks.C.The Moon and the Earth have almost the same portion of iron.D.This catastrophic collision would have released much more energy than the impact believed to have wiped out the dinosaurs.(6).Wha
35、t can we infer from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.There are more lighter iron isotopes on the Moon than on the Earth.B.There are fewer lighter iron isotopes on the Moon than on the Earth.C.The Earth had been more thoroughly vaporized than the Moon.D.Lighter iron isotopes and heavier iron isotopes have the
36、same vaporizing point.十、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Our brains could be hard-wired to be male or female long before we begin to grow testes(丸)or ovaries(卵巢)in the womb. This discovery might explain why some people feel trapped in a body thats the wrong sex, and could also lead to tests that reveal the
37、 true “brain sex“ of babies born with ambiguous genitalia(生殖器).Till now, the orthodoxy among developmental biologists has been that embryos develop ovaries and become female unless a gene called SRY on the Y chromosome is switched on. If this gene is active, it makes testes develop instead. This swi
38、tch is seen as the key event in determining whether a baby is a girl or a boy. Only after the gonads(性腺) form and flood the body with the appropriate hormones, the theory goes, is the sex of our minds and bodies determined.But in a study of mice, a team at the University of California, Los Angeles,
39、has now found that males and females show differences in the expression of no fewer than 50 genes well before SRY switches on. “Its the first discovery of genes differentially expressed in the brain, “says Eric Vilain, who led the UCLA team. “They may have an impact on the hard-wired development of
40、the brain in terms of sexual differentiation independent of gonadal induction.“Vilain is presenting details of seven of the 50 genes to the annual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics in Baltimore this week. Three of these genes are dominant in females and four are dominant in males. Th
41、e next step for Vilain and his team will be to show that the genes in question really do influence brain sexualityand not just in mice. This is likely to be a much tougher proposition than merely showing there are differences in expression.But if the findings are confirmed, they could one day yield
42、blood tests that allow doctors to establish the brain sex of babies born with genitalia that share features of both sexes. At present doctors and parents have to guess which gender to assign for surgical “correction“.（分数：6.00）(1).The first paragraph tells us that _.（分数：1.00）A.whether we will be male
43、 or female is determined by the brain, not the genitaliaB.some people consider themselves to be male but are in fact female physiologicallyC.our brain sex is formed long after our testes or ovaries begin to growD.some people feel trapped because they have ambiguous genitalia(2).Which of the followin
44、g word is closer to the word “hard-wired“ in the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.temporaryB.adjustableC.unchangeableD.revisable(3).According to the orthodoxy among developmental biologists, if SRY is active,_.（分数：1.00）A.the baby can either be a boy or a girlB.the baby will surely be a girlC.the baby will
45、 definitely come to be a boyD.the baby will certainly develop ambiguous genitalia(4).What has been found by the study at UCLA?（分数：1.00）A.We human beings have fewer than fifty genes.B.Males and females have similar expression genes.C.Differences in the expression of genes appear before SRY switches o
46、n.D.Sexual differentiation depends mainly on gonadal induction.(5).From paragraph 4 we know that Vilain and his team are going to _.（分数：1.00）A.continue to study the influence of genes on human brain sexualityB.look for more dominant genes for males as well as for femalesC.continue their study about
47、genes on miceD.show that there are differences in expression of genes of males and females(6).We can infer from the last paragraph that _.（分数：1.00）A.all babies are born with genitalia that share features of both sexesB.surgical correction operations at present are mainly based on guessingC.in the fu
48、ture fewer babies will be born with ambiguous genitaliaD.in the future doctors may be able to decide whether a baby is to be a boy or a girl十一、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Scraps of food could soon be helping power your home, thanks to an ultra-cheap bacteria-driven battery. Its developers hope that
49、instead of feeding the dog or making garden compost(混合肥料) ,organic household waste could top up your homes electricity.Although such “microbial fuel cells“ (MFCs)have been developed in the past, they have always proved extremely inefficient and expensive. Now Chris Melhuish and technologists at the University of the West of England(UWE)in Bristol have come up with a simplified MFC that costs as little as 10 to make.Right now, th
