1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-写作(三)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BWriting/B(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.Directions:A. Study the following graph carefully and write an essay of no less than 150 words;B. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:(1) interpret the following graph.(2) p
2、ossible reasons for the phenomenon.(3) your comments.（分数：20.00）_2.Directions:A. Title: Studying AbroadB. Word limit: about 150 wordsC. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below:(1) present situation.(2) the advantages of studying abroad.(3) the disadvantages of studying abroad.(4) your c
3、omments.（分数：20.00）_3.Directions: Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 80 words.Americans today dont place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a pract
4、ical educationnot to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools are not difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,“ says education writer Diane Ravitch, “Schools could be a c
5、ounterbalance.“ Ravitchs latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject
6、the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cant fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “Well become a second-rate c
7、ountry. Well have a less civil society.“Intellect is resented as a form of power and privilege.“ Writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer winning book on the roots of anti-intellec-tualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the
8、 beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered nobler than qualities you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other transcendental
9、ist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do know a thing.“ Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-in
10、tellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilizedgoing to school and learning to readso he can preserve his innate goodness.（分数：20.00）_4.Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Relationship Between Customer and Seller in 3 paragraphs. You should write no less than 15
11、0 words.（分数：20.00）_5.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Refuse Tourists? You should write at least 150 words following the outlines given below:1. 有人认为大学校园应该禁止旅游团参观；2. 有人认为大学校园应该向旅游团开放；3. 你的观点。（分数：20.00）_同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-写
12、作(三)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BWriting/B(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.Directions:A. Study the following graph carefully and write an essay of no less than 150 words;B. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below:(1) interpret the following graph.(2) possible reasons f
13、or the phenomenon.(3) your comments.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(OverworkingAs we can see from the chart above, at present, workers in some fields and sections of our society are overworking, among whom the self-employed individuals and scientific researchers top the list. The very fact revealed in the chart sh
14、ould arouse the social concern.The implied meaning of the chart above can be briefly stated as follows. In the first place, to overwork every day has become a common phenomenon in most working units. The national laws and regulations concerning eight-hour working limit are often disobeyed by some em
15、ployers, which transgresses workers deserved rights. In the second place, to overwork constantly does harm to peoples health and mentality. Over the past years, many intellectuals and artists die young due to heavy workload and the resulting stress. Last but not least, frequent extra work disturbs p
16、eoples normal life. Every day people are so occupied with their work that they do not have time to care their family life and to communicate with their friends and relatives. As a result, they become a working machine. On the whole, overworking does bring us some disadvantages, which should not be n
17、eglected.In my view. countermeasures should be taken immediately to reverse the current serious situation. To begin with. more strict laws and regulations should be set up to protect workers rights. Whats more, a public education campaign should be launched to make people understand the relationship
18、 between work and health and that between work and normal life.)解析：解析 文中开始段归纳了图表的内容。中间段分析了图表的含义：一是现在，加班已经成为司空见惯的现象，这实际上是一种侵权行为；二是经常加班不利于人们的身心健康；三是加班打乱了人们的正常生活。总之，经常加班存在严重弊端，会把人们变成工作机器。结束段提出了作者的对策：用法律法规来保护工人权益；通过宣传教育活动帮助人们正确理解工作与健康、工作与生活的关系。2.Directions:A. Title: Studying AbroadB. Word limit: about 1
19、50 wordsC. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below:(1) present situation.(2) the advantages of studying abroad.(3) the disadvantages of studying abroad.(4) your comments.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Studying AbroadRecent years have witnessed an increasing number of young students who want to go ab
20、road for further study. Each year, a considerable number of them fly to foreign countries to study, especially to highly developed countries such as America, Britain, Australia, Canada, Germany and Japan.The possible reasons for the fever of studying abroad may be attributed to its advantages. First
21、 of all, living in a foreign country where the language is spoken, we can get more chances to learn and improve our foreign language and do so more quickly and easily. Second. studying abroad takes us to a completely different language and cultural environment in which we can enlarge our vision and
22、widen our scope of knowledge. For instance, we may get firsthand knowledge of the customs and the people of the native culture. Furthermore, in a highly developed country, we can learn and acquire advanced science and technology.But still going abroad to study has some disadvantages that cannot be i
23、gnored. For example, we have to pay high tuition and living expenses. And living in a completely different culture in which we have no friends and relatives, we may often suffer from a sense of loneliness. Therefore, we should hold an objective attitude towards the issue.As far as I am concerned, we
24、 should hold reasonable attitude towards studying abroad. We should learn to use what we have learned to make contribution to the development of our country.)解析：解析 文中开始段采用间接描述法，说明年轻人出国留学的普遍性。也可采用提问法，如：Have you ever thought why so many young people in China today choose to study abroad?或 Why are ther
25、e so many young people in China today who choose to study abroad?结束段提出自己的看法，也可以对全文作归纳和总结。3.Directions: Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 80 words.Americans today dont place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not sc
26、holars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical educationnot to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools are not difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than int
27、ellectual,“ says education writer Diane Ravitch, “Schools could be a counterbalance.“ Ravitchs latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellect
28、ual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cant fully participate in our democracy. Continuing a
29、long this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “Well become a second-rate country. Well have a less civil society.“Intellect is resented as a form of power and privilege.“ Writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer winning book on the roots of a
30、nti-intellec-tualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered nobler than qualities yo
31、u could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do kn
32、ow a thing.“ Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilizedgoing to school and learning to readso he can preserve his innate goodness.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(SummaryNowadays, Americans dont value on intellect. According to some experts, schools have
33、emphasized on something practical over the intellectual. Therefore, schools fail to act as a counterbalance to the American dislike for intellectual pursuits. But they could have done so. Lack of intellect leaves children vulnerable to exploitation and control, and prevents them from taking part in
34、democracy. The reason that intellect is neglected is that it is considered a form of power and privilege. Emersons thought and Mark Twains works best justified the lack of intellect in America.)解析：解析 摘要一般是对文章的观点的总结归纳。题目的要求中含有 abstract，summary 等词汇暗示。主要的做法是把文章缩短，并摘录主要的内容。 摘要的注意事项如下： (1)阅读文章的每段首末句，通常这些
35、地方更可能出现作者的观点。 (2)注意文章出现转折连词后面的句子，通常but，however，nevertheless 等词汇的后面有新观点出现。 (3)可以删去文章中的例证、数字和一些细节。 (4)遵从文章的内容，不要加入个人对文章的理解。 第一段的首末句分别为 Americans today dont place a very high value on intellect和 Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools are not difficult to find。这两句话的意思相差不大，主要是讲美国人不十分重视
36、知识。第二段中援引权威人士的话证明学校没有起到平衡(counterbalance)的作用：“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,”. traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits。第三段
37、指出这样做是不对的：But they could and should be。随后指出这样做产生的危害：Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. they cant fully participate in our democracy. Well become a second-rate country. Well have a less civil society第四段援引权威人士的话分析憎恶知识的原因：“Intellect is re
38、sented as a form of power and privilege.” . From the beginning of our history. our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered nobler than qualities you could learn from a book。第五段用 Emer
39、son 和 Mark Twain 作品中的 Huckleberry Finn 为例，证明憎恶知识的现象确实存在。Ralph Waldo Emerson and other transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children. Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism。 这些内容连接在一起，就看到了文章的基本结构为：提出一种现
40、象，分析现象出现的原因，最后总结观点。根据上述分析形成摘要内容。4.Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Relationship Between Customer and Seller in 3 paragraphs. You should write no less than 150 words.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Relationship Between Customer and SellerThe relationship between customer a
41、nd seller is now becoming more and more important in peoples life with the rapid development of market economy. A good relationship between customer and seller can make buying and selling a happy experience and benefit both buyer and seller.A good relationship between customer and seller can only ex
42、ist on the basis of honesty and respect. Sellers should be honest to customers, introducing the actual advantages and disadvantages of his goods. He mustnt deceive customers, charge too high a price, or serve them indifferently. On the customers part, he should also respect the seller and be reasona
43、ble. Some customers think they are “God“ to the sellers, so they often behave coldly or even rudely to them. Thats not a good manner. As long as one buys of his own will, both sides are equal.Sometimes problems and mistakes are inevitable. For example, the seller may forget to give his customer the
44、change. If he doesnt do it on purpose, the customer should be considerate and excuse him. On the basis of honesty and kindness, problems can he resolved easily.)解析：解析 文中开始段可阐明卖主与顾客的关系在现代生活中的重要性，中间段提出两者之间的良好关系必须靠诚实与尊重来维持，结束段说明遇到问题该如何处理，可举一例简要说明。5.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes
45、to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Refuse Tourists? You should write at least 150 words following the outlines given below:1. 有人认为大学校园应该禁止旅游团参观；2. 有人认为大学校园应该向旅游团开放；3. 你的观点。（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Should the University Campus Refuse Tourists?Should the university campus refuse tour
46、ists? The question has generated a heated discussion nationwide.Some experts applaud the decision to reduce the number of visitors. They believe that the campus is a place for students to gain knowledge instead of a favored destination for tourists. Whats more, continuous streams of tourists will not only disturb students daily lives but also interfere with the study atmosphere on campus. Therefore, refusing some tourists will give the students a better environment for study.However, group tour visitors oppose the move. They argue that stop
