1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-阅读理解(五)及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、专项练习(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)At the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) , a student loaded his class notes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmate turned him in. At the University
2、of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographed test questions with their cell phone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. The university put in place a new examination-supervision system. “If they“d spend as much time studying, they“d all be A students,“ says Ron Yasbin, dean of the Colle
3、ge of Sciences of UNLV. With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. And college officials find themselves in a new game of eat and mouse. They are trying to fight would-he cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops(笔记本电脑), demanding the
4、 surrender of cell phones before tests or simply requiring that exams be taken with pens and paper. “It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad,“ said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who just finished his third year at Pepperdine University in California. He had to take his exams on paper. Dapremont said technolo
5、gy has made cheating easier, but plagiarism(剽窃) in writing papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other people“s writings off the Internet without attributing them. Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product Of the mindset, not the tools at hand
6、. “Some people put too much emphasis on where they“re going to go in the future, and all they“re thinking about is graduate school and the next step,“ said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure to succeed “sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that
7、they shouldn“t do. “ Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat, posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said that they rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teach students not to cheat in the fi
8、rst place.（分数：6.00）(1).One student at UCLA was found cheating _.（分数：1.00）A.when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail deviceB.when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmatesC.after the university put in place a new examination-supervision systemD.after his classmate reported
9、 his cheating to the authority(2).According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _.（分数：1.00）A.should be severely punished for their dishonestyB.didn“t have much time to study before the examC.could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enoughD.could be excused because they were not fam
10、iliar with the new system(3).To win the new game of eat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to _.（分数：1.00）A.use many high-tech devicesB.cut off Internet access on campusC.turn to the oral exanimation formsD.cut off the use of high-tech devices(4).According to Ryan Dapremont, _.（分数：
11、1.00）A.examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheatingB.his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writingC.cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinationsD.it was more difficult for him to lift other people“s writings off the Internet(5)
12、.Which of the following is probably the most significant measure to fight cheating?（分数：1.00）A.Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future.B.Letting students know that honesty is more important.C.Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat.D.Setting up more strict
13、 campus honor codes.(6).The best title of the passage could be _.（分数：1.00）A.Cheating Has Gone High-techB.Game of Cat and MouseC.A New Examination-supervision SystemD.Measures to Fight Against Dishonesty三、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Top marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long
14、 thighs with huge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms and legs. So, does your physical shapeand the way your body worksfit you for a particular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport? “It“s about 55:45, genes to the enviro
15、nment,“ says Mike Rennie, professor of clinical physiology at Britain“s University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the case of identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other a powerful sportsman, so, “They look quite different, despite being identical twi
16、ns.“ Someone who“s 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketball player. Still, being over two meters tall won“t automatically push you to Olympic gold.“ Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment, medical care and the psychological cond
17、itions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain,“ said Craig Sharp, professor of sports science at Britain“s Brunel University. Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath“s sports development department, in south
18、west England, points to the importance of technique. “In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, so technique is vital. “ Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeen years ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national
19、 Talent Search Program, which searched schools for 14- 16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One of their first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never picked up an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensive tra
20、ining, she won gold in women“s rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of genetic knowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but also for “performance genes. “（分数：6.00）(1).It can be concluded
21、from the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.physical strength is more important for sportspersons“ successB.training conditions are more important for sportspersons“ successC.genes are more important for sportspersons“ successD.psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons“ success(2).The cas
22、e of identical twins from Germany shows that _.（分数：1.00）A.environment can help determine people“s body shapeB.genes are the decisive factors for people“s body shapeC.identical twins are likely to enjoy different sportsD.identical twins may have different genes for different sports(3).Which of the fo
23、llowing is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for a sportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal?（分数：1.00）A.The physical strength.B.The right training conditions.C.The talent for the sports.D.The endurance for pains.(4).Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because _.（分数
24、：1.00）A.she had the talent for rowingB.her body shape was right for a rowerC.she had the performance genesD.she was a skillful rower(5).The word “elite“ in paragraph 5 means _.（分数：1.00）A.the most wealthyB.the most skilledC.the most industriousD.the most intelligent(6).The elite athletes of the futur
25、e may come from people who naturally possess _.（分数：1.00）A.the best body shapes and an iron purposeB.the extremes of the right physique and strong willsC.the right psychological conditions and sports talentsD.the right physique and genes for sports四、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)A report published rece
26、ntly brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure t
27、o air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns out. Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution sourceexhaust fumes (烟气). Also don“t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward si
28、de of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side. Sitting on the driver“s side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is diffi
29、cult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel
30、 and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants. When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your
31、breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly. There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn w
32、hen winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.（分数：6.00）(1).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：1.00）A.How to fight air pollution in big cities.B.How to avoid air pollution in big cities.C.How to breathe fresh air in big cities.
33、D.How serious air pollution is in big cities.(2).According to the report, air pollution in big cities _.（分数：1.00）A.can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disasterB.cannot be compared with the disaster in ChernobylC.can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disasterD.can be more serious
34、than we used to think(3).When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side _.（分数：1.00）A.where the wind is comingB.where the wind is goingC.where the wind is weakerD.where the wind is stronger(4).If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _.（分数：1.00）A.on the left side in the b
35、usB.on the right side in the busC.in the middle of the busD.at the back of the bus(5).It is implied in the passage that _.（分数：1.00）A.people should not take street level transportationB.tiny iron particles will not cause health problemsC.air pollution on an underground train is less poisonousD.travel
36、ing on an underground train is better than taking the bus(6).While waiting to cross a busy street, you should _.（分数：1.00）A.wait a few seconds until the fumes reduceB.stay away from the traffic as far as possibleC.hold your breath until you get to the other side of the streetD.count down for the ligh
37、t to change五、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：6.00)There are over 6 000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical think
38、ing and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era. But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude
39、 language,“ says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, it“s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.“ One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence.
40、The investigators said “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We“re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it“s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences. “ They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even wors
41、e, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.“ In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33 000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Y
42、our victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them. “ Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3 000 different studies have been conducted on this
43、subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players. Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent
44、tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?（分数：6
45、.00）(1).Which of the following computer games is NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?（分数：1.00）A.Those that help people learn more about computers.B.Those that teach the features of the earth.C.Those that provide special training for writers online.D.Those that provide special tr
46、aining for pilots.(2).According to one study, most computer and online games _.（分数：1.00）A.allow the players to take part in killing actsB.teach the players to be antisocialC.make the players forget the real life resultsD.that young people like contain violence(3).What does the underlined word “disme
47、mber“ in paragraph 4 mean?（分数：1.00）A.To kick somebody out.B.To cut somebody into pieces.C.To dismiss somebody.D.To stab a knife into somebody.(4).Many studies have suggested that _.（分数：1.00）A.more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB.violence in computer games makes their players more a
48、ggressiveC.there are now far more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence(5).The author uses “television advertising“ as an example to show that _.（分数：1.00）A.other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in r
49、eal lifeB.computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC.the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeD.there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real life(6).The best title for the passage could be _.（分数：1.00）A.The Dark Side of Computer GamesB.Computer GamesAdvantages and DisadvantagesC.The Development of Violent Computer GamesD.A Study on the Influence of Computer Games六、Passage Five(总题数：1，分数：6.00)T
