1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 23及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.What is the difference between revoicing and sur-/subtitling?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.What is “ skopos theory“ ? Please give at least two examples to support your answer.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.Ezra Pound insists that translation should be
2、 “fidelity to the original“ from “meaning“ to “atmosphere“. How do you understand “atmosphere“ in this context?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.Venuti“s main thesis is that translation tends to be an invisible practice in the United States. What is Venuti“s strategy to change such a tendency?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Defi
3、ne the following terms.(北京航空航天大学 2009研，考试科目：综合英语)cultural turn in translation studies（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.corpus-based translation studies（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.legal translation（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.naturalistic(or observational)studies（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.Wordsmith（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.Which of the following Englis
4、h versions of the Chinese article is the best in your opinion? Make a comment in English.(国际关系学院 2010研，考试科目：英语综合) 桃花源记 晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业；缘溪行，忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林。夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷，渔人甚异之。 参考译文 1 A Tale of the Fountain of the Peach Blossom Spring In the year of Taiyuan of the Jin Dynasty, there lived a man in Wu
5、ling jun who earned his living by fishing. One day, he rowed his boat along a stream, unaware of how far he had gone when all of a sudden, he found himself in the midst of a wood of peach blossoms. The wood extended several hundred foot steps along both banks of the stream. There were no trees of ot
6、her kinds. The lush grass was flesh and beautiful and peach petals fell in riotous profusion. The fisherman was so curious that he rowed on, in hopes of discovering where the trees ended. 参考译文 2 During the reign of Emperor Shao-Wu of Eastern Tsin there was once a native of Wu-Lin, who lived on fishi
7、ng. One day, he rowed up a stream, and soon forgot how far he had gone. All of a sudden he came upon a peach grove. For hundreds of paces along both banks of the stream, the peach-trees were in full bloom. No other trees were to be seen in the whole grove. The soft grass looked fresh and beautiful.
8、Here and there falling blossoms was beside himself with amazement. 参考译文 3 During the reign period Tai-yuan(376-379)of the Chin dynasty, a man of Wuling who plied the fisher“s trade, losing all count of distance as he made his way along a certain brook, suddenly came on a grove of peach-trees in blos
9、som which fringed the shore some hundred paces, no other trees interspersed, where on scented grasses fresh and pleasing to the eye lay fallen blossoms in gay profusion, at sight of which the fisherman was much amazed.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Which of the following Chinese versions of the English poem is
10、the best in your opinion? Make a comment in English.(国际关系学院 2010研，考试科目：英语综合) Autumn Day Lord: it is time. The summer was immense. Lay your shadow on the sundials and let loose the wind in the fields. Bid the last fruits to be full: give them another two more southerly days, press them to ripeness, a
11、nd chase the last sweetness into the heavy wine. Whoever has no house now will not build one anymore. Whoever is alone now will remain so for a long time, will stay up, read, write long letters, and wander the avenues, up and down, restlessly, while the leaves are blowing. 参考译文 1 秋日 主啊，时不我予。盛夏已去。 把你
12、的影子对准日晷， 让风在旷野上获得自由。 令最后的果实趋于丰满； 再额外赐予它们两个南方的日子， 迫使它们成熟，追缫 残余的甜蜜，使之化为醇酒。 如今，无房者将不必再建。 独居者将长久独居， 熬夜、读书、长篇累牍地写信， 落叶纷飞时，烦躁不安地 在大街上游来荡去。 参考译文 2 秋日 主啊!是时候了。夏日曾经很盛大。把你的阴影落在日晷上， 让秋风刮过田野。 让最后的果实长得丰满， 再给它们两天南方的气候， 迫使它们成熟， 把最后的甘甜酿人浓酒。 谁这时没有房屋，就不必建筑， 谁这时孤独，就永远孤独， 就醒着，读着，写着长信， 在林荫道上来回 不安地游荡，当着落叶纷飞。 参考译文 3 秋日 主呵
13、，是时候了。夏天盛极一时。 把你的阴影置于日晷上， 让风吹过牧场。 让枝头最后的果实饱满； 再给两天南方的好天气， 催它们成熟， 把最后的甘甜压进浓酒， 谁此时没有房子，就不必建造， 谁此时孤独，就永远孤独， 就醒来，读书，写长长的信， 在林荫路上不停地 徘徊，落叶纷飞。（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Tell what translation technique you use in translating each of them.(北工业大学 2006研，考试科目：综合英语 2 Exam
14、ple：New Zealand had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on these reported plans 新西兰不知道这件事，也没有人同它商讨过这些传闻的计划。 The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection，but it seems it is to smell the lamb and m
15、ake sure that it is her own（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.Fourscore and seven years ago，our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.There is now a single accepted pronunciation for the vast majority of words in ordinary polite use，deviation from which is regarded either as a provi
16、ncialism or as a vulgarism（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.In the savage fighting，German itself was laid waste，the towns and countryside were devastated and ravished，the people decimated（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.State briefly either in English or in Chinese what literal translation and free translation are, and how they
17、 are used in the process of translation.(北京工业大学 2006研，考试科目：综合英语 2)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.In this part, you are asked to answer the following questions in Chinese. Write your answer on the ANSWERSHEET.(中国矿业大学 2009研，考试科目：基础英语)简要介绍中国当代主要翻译理论家及其主要观点。（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.形式对等和功能对等是由谁提出的?它们有什么区别?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:
18、_20.In this part, you are asked to answer the following questions in Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (中国矿业大学 2008研，考试科目：基础英语)简要介绍“文化建设翻译学派”的主要代表人物及其观点。（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 23答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.What is the difference between revoicing an
19、d sur-/subtitling?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案： Revoicing is a term used to refer to one of the two main techniques used in the translation of audio-visual material such as films and television programmes. It is defined as the process in which “ the foreign dialogue is adjusted to the mouth movements
20、 of the actor in the film“ and which is designed to give the impression that the actors whom the audience see are actually speaking in the TL(target language). Subtitling is also a term used to refer to one of the two main methods of language transfer used in translating types of mass audio-visual c
21、ommunication such as film and television. First used in 1929, subtitling can be defined as the process of providing synchronized captions for film and television dialogue(and more recently for live opera). Subtitling can be interlingual or intralingual(e. g. for the deaf), open(i. e. forming part of
22、 the original film or broadcast)or closed(i. e. broadcast separately and accessibly, for example by means of teletext). The differences between revoicing and subtitling are as follows. A dubbed film can be said to be less authentic than one with subtitles. Revoicing is less flexible than subtitling
23、in that it is harder to add explanations. It is considerably more expensive than subtitling and also takes longer to perform. On the other hand, a revoiced film demands less cognitive effort from the viewer than one with subtitles. Moreover, revoicing generally involves less compression of the messa
24、ge than subtitling. Furthermore, in certain societies, revoicing is favored for nationalistic reason as a way of naturalizing an imported film and at the same time somehow minimizing its foreign, possibly subversive influence by completely concealing the original dialogue.）解析：2.What is “ skopos theo
25、ry“ ? Please give at least two examples to support your answer.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Skopos theory is an approach proposed in the late 1970s and early 1980s by Hans J. Vermeer, whose desire is to break with linguistic translation theory and bridge the gap between translation theory and practic
26、e. The theory of action is made as the foundation for the skopos theory. Skopos is a Greek word meaning “aim“ or “purpose“. Vermeer introduced it into translation theory as a technical term for the purpose of a translation and of the action of translating. According to the skopos theory, the prime p
27、rinciple determining any translation process is the purpose(skopos)of the overall translational action. The purpose of the translation determines the translation methods and strategies which are to be used. Three purposes can be distinguished in the field of translation: the general purpose of the t
28、ranslators in the process of translation, the communicative purpose of the target text in the target situation and the purpose of a particular translation strategy or procedure. In this theory, one of the most important factors which determine the purpose of a translation is the intended receiver or
29、 the audience of the target text. The source text is considered as an “offer of information“ for the target audience. An important advantage of the skopos theory is that it allows the possibility of the same text being translated in different ways according to the purpose of the target text and the
30、commission which is given to the translation. This theory aims at solving the dilemmas in free vs faithful translation, dynamic vs formal equivalence, good interpreters vs slavish translators, and so on. One example is as follows: There are many taboos in the play Romeo and Juliet. When Zhu Shenghao
31、 and Liang Shiqiu were translating this play, they used different methods according to their own purposes. Liang Shiqiu aimed at presenting to the readers what Shakespeare really is. So these taboos are almost directly rendered. Zhu Shenghao, on the other hand, made the translation out of love for h
32、is motherland, China. At that time, there are no translation of Shakespeare“s works in China. So he indirectly rendered taboos and used languages acceptable and readable to Chinese readers. Another example is advertising translation. The role of the advertisements is to attract customers and persuad
33、e them to buy the products. So when the advertisements are translated, the purpose is the first factor to be considered.）解析：3.Ezra Pound insists that translation should be “fidelity to the original“ from “meaning“ to “atmosphere“. How do you understand “atmosphere“ in this context?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （
34、正确答案：正确答案： Ezra Pound is identified as the father of modern American poetry. He himself is a poet as well as a transla-tor. His translation theory is built on the basis of the concept of energy in language. He proposed two aims for translation. One is real speech in the English version. The other is
35、 fidelity to the original from meaning to atmosphere. To Pound, atmosphere refers to the contextual link as well as intertextual association between discourses. It includes the tone, the spirit, etc. of the original version.）解析：4.Venuti“s main thesis is that translation tends to be an invisible prac
36、tice in the United States. What is Venuti“s strategy to change such a tendency?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案： In order to change the tendency, Venuti proposed the strategy of resistance. He thought that “resistance assumes an ideology of autonomy, locating the alien in other culture, pursuing cultural
37、 diversity, foregrounding the linguistic and cultural difference of the source-language text and transforming the hierarchy of cultural values in the target language. “By using the foreignization strategy, the exotic atmosphere in the translated text is kept. The practice that the translation works
38、are regarded as byproducts is also challenged. Moreover, the translator“s invisibility is changed and the status of the translator is raised.）解析：5.Define the following terms.(北京航空航天大学 2009研，考试科目：综合英语)cultural turn in translation studies（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案： “Culture“ is a most influential wor
39、d in the translation studies of the late 20th Century. After the upsurge of linguistic school, scholars started to fix their eyes on the factors out of the text. In 1990, Susan Bassnett and Andre Lefevere, two towering translation scholars, proposed the “cultural turn“ in translation studies. In the
40、ir work Translation, History and Culture, they regarded that culture should become the operational unit of translation. The features are represented by orientations to deconstructionism, feminism, postcolonialism, and the politically-oriented features. The key words of translation studies like cultu
41、re, power, deconstruction, hegemony replace equivalence, transfer, and unit of translation. In this way, translation studies achieve a shift from the sphere of linguistic skills to a socio-cultural one.）解析：6.corpus-based translation studies（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案： Corpus-based translation studie
42、s(CTS)is a new branch in translation studies. It aims at drawing a universal conclusion by conducting a descriptive research on a large amount of language material. And it results from the development of modern corpus linguistics and descriptive translation studies. Adopting an empirical methodology
43、, corpus-based translation studies try to describe the laws of translation by studying existing translation texts in a quantitative and statistic way. Now this new paradigm has been applied to the studies of translation universals, translation norms and the style of translators.）解析：7.legal translati
44、on（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Legal translation refers to the translation within the field of law. It is not a simple task because of its culture-dependent features. When doing legal translation, translators should be professional, as mistranslation will lead to legal liability. Textual conventions
45、in the source language are often culture-dependent and may not correspond to conventions in the target language. Linguistic structures that are often found in the source language have no directly equivalent structures in the target language: therefore, translators have to find in the target language
46、 structures with the same functions as those in the source language.）解析：8.naturalistic(or observational)studies（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案： Naturalistic studies is a type of study in which the researcher observes and records certain behavior or phe-nomenon very carefully, sometimes over a long perio
47、d of time, in its natural setting while interfering as little as possible with the subjects or phenomena.）解析：9.Wordsmith（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Wordsmith is someone who is clever at using language, especially the one who writes professionally.）解析：10.Which of the following English versions of the
48、 Chinese article is the best in your opinion? Make a comment in English.(国际关系学院 2010研，考试科目：英语综合) 桃花源记 晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业；缘溪行，忘路之远近。忽逢桃花林。夹岸数百步，中无杂树，芳草鲜美，落英缤纷，渔人甚异之。 参考译文 1 A Tale of the Fountain of the Peach Blossom Spring In the year of Taiyuan of the Jin Dynasty, there lived a man in Wuling jun who earned his living by fishing. One day, he rowed his boat along a stream, unaware of how far he had gone
