1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 24及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Answer the essay question in no fewer than 200 words in English.(北京外国语大学 2008研，考试科目：英汉互译) Susan Bassnett in her book Translation Studies(Third Edition)commented on equivalence: “ Equivalence in translation, then, should not be
2、 approached as a search for sameness, since sameness cannot even exist between two TL versions of the same text, let alone between the SL and TL version“. In what way do you agree or disagree with this statement? Please give examples to defend your argument.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.Chinese composition(北京外国
3、语大学 2008研，考试科目：英汉互译) 埃德温根茨勒所著当代翻译理论(Contemporary Translation Theories)对北美翻译培训派、多元系统论、解构主义、文化转向、后殖民翻译理论等文学翻译研究的发展进行了全面的扫描。写一篇 250字左右的中文作文，选择根茨勒所总结的其中一个流派，说明其对于研究英汉、汉英翻译有何意义。（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.Answer the following question in English in around 300 words, using the ANSWER SHEET provided.(北京外国语大学 2007研，考
4、试科目：英语翻译理论和实践)There has been a debate over domesticating and foreignizing as translation strategies. There are arguments for domesticating and there are also arguments for foreignizing. How do you look at the issue in discussion?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.Read the following two translated versions of Du Fu“s
5、 望岳, and comment on them according to the following instructions in at least 400 words.(北京航空航天大学 2013研，考试科目：综合英语)Instructions:A. Write a passage to compare the two versions of the translation and then state your preference.B. Analyze your preferred version by using a certain theoretical approach. Yo
6、u should firstly introduce the theory and then use it for your analysis.Chinese version: 望岳杜甫岱宗夫如何?齐鲁青未了。造化钟神秀，阴阳割昏晓。荡胸生层云，决眦入归鸟。会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。English version 1: Gazing on Mount TaiO peak of peaks, how high it stands! One boundless green o“erspreads two States A marvel done by Nature“s hands, O“er lig
7、ht and shade it dominates. Clouds rise therefrom and lave my breast: My eyes are strained to see birds fleet. Try to ascend the mountain“s crest: It dwarfs all peaks under our feet.(translated by XYC)English version 2: Gazing at the Sacred Peak For all this, what is the mountain god like? An unendin
8、g green of lands north and south: from ethereal beauty Creation distills there, yin and yang split dusk and dawn. Swelling clouds sweep by. Returning birds ruin my eyes vanishing. One day soon, at the summit, the other mountains will be small enough to hold, all in a single glance.(translated by D.
9、Hinton)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Read the following two versions of translation adopted from“兰亭集序“ , and comment on them according to the following instructions in at least 400 words.(北京航空航天大学 2012研，考试科目：综合英语)Instructions:A. Write a passage to compare the two versions of translation and then state your pref
10、erence.B. Analyze your preferred version by using certain theoretical approach. You should firstly introduce the theory and then use it for your analysis. Chinese version：兰亭集序 夫人之相与，俯仰一世，或取诸怀抱，悟言一室之内；或因寄所托，放浪形骸之外。 虽取舍万殊，静躁不同，当其欣于所遇，暂得于己，快然自足，曾不知老之将至。及其所之既倦，情随事迁，感慨系之矣。向之所欣，俯仰之间，已为陈迹，犹不能不以之兴怀。况修短随化，终期
11、于尽。古人云：“生死亦大矣。”岂不痛哉!English version 1: Preface to the Lanting CollectionWith regard to the friendly association of people during their brief life, it might take the form of unbosoming themselves by conversing in a room, or abandoning themselves to things they love, revelling without constraint. The
12、choices are so widely apart, and the temperaments in terms of quiet or boisterous behaviours are most different. When people are glad of their situations and feel contentment with their temporary gains, they are unaware of the approaching old age. But when they are tired of what they pursue as their
13、 feelings change with circumstances, then they are filled with melancholy. The things which they used to court with a gay heart become stale in an instant, but not without stirring up their sentiments. Besides, their spans of life, be they Jong or short, are decided by Providence and converge eventu
14、ally to a common finish. An ancient said, “Life and death are matters of great magnitude. “ How could they not be afflicted with sorrow?English version 2: A Sketch of the Gathering at Orchid ArbourFor what men have to do with their fellows during their lifetimes, either fetched from their bosoms and
15、 discussed with others in certain rooms or taken from their apprehension and cast aboard far beyond their corporeal frames, although what they adopt or reject are multifariously divergent, being variously different in quietude and tumult, so when they are glad of what they have come across, well-con
16、tented with their state of being so far, living happily in their good fortune, without knowing that old age would soon descend upon them: and when they are tired of the past, their feelings undergo a metamorphosis as the result of the changed state of affairs and sentient responses are produced ther
17、eof.What was acclaimed in the past has become during one“s looking ahead up and down things of bygone days: yet one could not help being deeply moved in feelings while touching them in reality. What is more, the length and shortness of life depend on Nature“s decree: they would sooner or later reach
18、 finality. As the ancient saying(by Confucius)has itmomentous is the matter of life and death: how awfully painful it is!（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.Discuss briefly the following in translation studies.(北京航空航天大学 2010研，考试科目：综合英语)Suppose you“ll start a research project on literary translation. What will you do
19、to manage your study? Please give a detailed plan.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.The Chinese famous masterpiece(红楼梦)has different translation versions. Only for the translation of the title you can find the following: A Story of the Stone, The Treasured Mirror of Romantic Affairs, A Dream of Red Mansions, The 12
20、 Beauties of Jinling, The Anecdotes of the Romantic Bronze, and even Hong Lou Meng. Among the above translations, which one do you prefer? You should give at least three reasons to support your choice.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.Briefly answer the following questions.(北京航空航天大学 2010研，考试科目：综合英语)How do you under
21、stand the term “textual equivalence“? Explain the term with examples.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.What is “free translation“? Illustrate your understanding with examples.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.How do you understand the relationship between fidelity and freedom in translating?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Are you familiar wit
22、h any Chinese translation theorists? Describe one of them and his / her contribution to the translation studies.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.Define the following terms in translation studies.(北京航空航天大学 2010研，考试科目：综合英语)shifts of expression（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.auto-translation（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.receptor language（分
23、数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.generalizing translation（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.operational norm（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.Discuss the following in translation studies.(北京航空航天大学 2009研，考试科目：综合英语)What is the concept of shifts and why shifts are unavoidable and inevitable in translating?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.What is function-oriente
24、d DTS(descriptive translation studies)concerned with?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.Explain and give your comments on the following.The translator“s task is precisely to render the source text, the original author“s interpretation of a given theme expressed in a number of variations, accessible to readers not f
25、amiliar with these variations, by replacing the original author“s variation with their equivalents in a different language, time, place and tradition. Particular emphasis must be given to the fact that the translator has to replace all the variations contained in the source text by their equivalents
26、.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.Briefly answer the following questions.(北京航空航天大学 2009研，考试科目：综合英语)What are the aims of Translation Studies? Please explain from at least three points.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 24答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Answer the essay question in no fewer than
27、 200 words in English.(北京外国语大学 2008研，考试科目：英汉互译) Susan Bassnett in her book Translation Studies(Third Edition)commented on equivalence: “ Equivalence in translation, then, should not be approached as a search for sameness, since sameness cannot even exist between two TL versions of the same text, let
28、 alone between the SL and TL version“. In what way do you agree or disagree with this statement? Please give examples to defend your argument.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案： In translation, equivalence is a term used to describe the nature and extent of the relationships which exist between the source
29、language(SL)and the target language(TL)texts or between the smaller linguistic units. For centuries, it has always been in the center of discussion. In the above statement, Susan Bassnett argues that e-quivalence should not be regarded as sameness in translation. Translation is not only a transferen
30、ce between a target language and a source language, but also a kind of intercultural communication. And it is not the substitution of the source language with a target language. Language is the carrier of culture. Sometimes, the target culture is absolutely different from the source culture. Besides
31、, meaning is as important as culture lurking behind the language. Thus in translation, equivalence is not a search for sameness. I do agree with what Susan Bassnett advocated. The following example can demonstrate this. If equivalence is a search for sameness, the English sentence “Every dog has its
32、 day“ should be rendered as “每条狗都有它的日子“ in Chinese. The Chinese readers will be confused and the original meaning cannot be attained, either. According to Susan Basnett, equivalence includes linguistic equivalence, paradigmatic equivalence, stylistic equivalence and textual equivalence. The problem
33、of equivalence should be put under the circumstance of culture.）解析：2.Chinese composition(北京外国语大学 2008研，考试科目：英汉互译) 埃德温根茨勒所著当代翻译理论(Contemporary Translation Theories)对北美翻译培训派、多元系统论、解构主义、文化转向、后殖民翻译理论等文学翻译研究的发展进行了全面的扫描。写一篇 250字左右的中文作文，选择根茨勒所总结的其中一个流派，说明其对于研究英汉、汉英翻译有何意义。（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案： 翻译科学派，
34、兴起于二十世纪五、六十年代，代表人物有卡特福德、奈达和威尔斯。这一流派主要以系统化、多样化的语言学学术成果为基础，研究源语和译语之间在词法和句法上的一系列对应和转换规则，追求原文和译文的对等。该派的首要观点是“翻译是一门科学”。这个观点对于我们研究英汉互译很有指导意义。作为一门科学，翻译有其自身的规律和方法，那么英汉之间的互译也是有理可循、有法可依的。英语和汉语都有其各自的特点，也有相似之处，人们可以像描述语言学那样对英汉这两种语言这些常规性的客观存在加以描述。另外，英汉互译的规律和方法也可以像其他科学知识一样传授给他人。因此，我们研究英汉互译时，应更多地从科学的角度着手，发现更多的英汉转换规
35、律和转换方法。）解析：3.Answer the following question in English in around 300 words, using the ANSWER SHEET provided.(北京外国语大学 2007研，考试科目：英语翻译理论和实践)There has been a debate over domesticating and foreignizing as translation strategies. There are arguments for domesticating and there are also arguments for forei
36、gnizing. How do you look at the issue in discussion?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Domesticating translation and foreignizing translation are two terms used by Venuti to describe two different translation strategies. Domesticating translation refers to the translation strategy in which a transparent, f
37、luent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target-language readers: whereas foreignizing translation refers to the type of translation strategy in which a target text is produced and deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of foreignness
38、 of the original text. It is well known that translation is not only a linguistic transference but also a medium of the intercultural communication. Cultural and linguistic factors are involved in the process of translation. Then which translation strategy should be employed? Domesticating or foreig
39、nizing? For my part, a dialectic attitude should be taken towards them and we cannot say which translation strategy is better. Firstly, domesticating and foreignizing are translation strategies used by translators to fulfill cultural communication. No translators employ only one without the other in
40、 the practice of translation. Secondly, domesticating and foreignizing are not mutually exclusive. The purpose of translation often determines the choice or combination of the two strategies. Translators aim at seeking a balance between the two so as to achieve their aims of translation. As the abov
41、e definitions show, domesticating is a strategy for the target-language-oriented translation in which expressions acceptable in target language and culture are exploited in order to make the translated texts intelligible for the target readers: while foreignizing is a strategy for the source-languag
42、e-oriented translation that strives to preserve as much as possible the original flavor and foreignness of the source language and culture. Translators can choose one strategy as the main strategy and the other as the complementary one. Thus, both the linguistic and cultural factors of the original
43、text can be reflected in the target language text.）解析：4.Read the following two translated versions of Du Fu“s 望岳, and comment on them according to the following instructions in at least 400 words.(北京航空航天大学 2013研，考试科目：综合英语)Instructions:A. Write a passage to compare the two versions of the translation
44、 and then state your preference.B. Analyze your preferred version by using a certain theoretical approach. You should firstly introduce the theory and then use it for your analysis.Chinese version: 望岳杜甫岱宗夫如何?齐鲁青未了。造化钟神秀，阴阳割昏晓。荡胸生层云，决眦入归鸟。会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。English version 1: Gazing on Mount TaiO peak of pe
45、aks, how high it stands! One boundless green o“erspreads two States A marvel done by Nature“s hands, O“er light and shade it dominates. Clouds rise therefrom and lave my breast: My eyes are strained to see birds fleet. Try to ascend the mountain“s crest: It dwarfs all peaks under our feet.(translate
46、d by XYC)English version 2: Gazing at the Sacred Peak For all this, what is the mountain god like? An unending green of lands north and south: from ethereal beauty Creation distills there, yin and yang split dusk and dawn. Swelling clouds sweep by. Returning birds ruin my eyes vanishing. One day soo
47、n, at the summit, the other mountains will be small enough to hold, all in a single glance.(translated by D. Hinton)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：The original is a typical classic Chinese poem of eight lines, each containing strictly five characters. It is endowed with the end rhyme of “iao“ all throu
48、gh the lines. Xu Yuanchong“s version, though distorts some meanings, reproduces the poetic effect of the original. With six or so words in each line, Xu“s version more or less maintains the rhythm of the Chinese poem. More importantly, it is also a verse with the rhyme of “ts“ , “ds“ and “t“. As for the cultural elements, just like “yin“ and “yang“ , they are simply free-translated into “light“ and “shade“. That rendering avoids referring to the notion alien to the TT r
