1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 4及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Translate put the following passage into Chinese(福建师范大学 2004研，考试科目：写作与翻译)Some people say that money is what makes everything possible.I share a different opinion. I believe that money can be really horrible. Sure, with money on
2、e could afford to live ultimate desires, but what“s really hidden from view is the kind of thing that too much money could do to people. Money and wealth disguise all the humanity of life. So many people wonder about every day of their lives wishing to live a rich animation. Yet the part they miss i
3、n that“ wonderful“ life is the change that takes place in themselves. To gain something one must be willing to exchange something, and for something as massive as money, the price is breathtaking. Nevertheless, some see it as reasonable amount and even more agree to the trade: even if the price is t
4、he one most important gift from God. All one must pay is their soul.These innocent victims of greed and selfishness are blinded from all but bills of disgusting green. Pretty soon they are jailed inside their own world of rotten filth fooled by their philosophy that money is the most substantial thi
5、ng on the face of this planet. Suddenly even the nicest restaurants in town fail to please them and so they move elsewhere seeking somethinganything that will satisfy their lost and stolen senses. The braggadocio of their mammoth ego demolishes even the most patient hearts and so they become lonely
6、predators of their own humanity. They look upon soul as thieves eyeing their every penny, and even their own mother to them is a burglar thirsty for green. They trust no one, think of no one, help no one, and in the process shed all love within them: hopeless, and helpless. Trapped in their own crea
7、tion, these dreams are.and they say money is harmlesshow could they say that?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese(武汉大学 2013研，考试科目：基础英语)Most investigation in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with the question of how the productivity of the individual worker
8、 can be increased, and how he can be made to work with less friction: psychology has lent its services to “human engineering, “ an attempt to treat the worker and employer like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. While Taylor was primarily concerned with a better organization of the t
9、echnical use of the worker“s physical powers, most industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the worker“s psyche. The underlying idea can be formulated like this: If he works better when he is happy, then let us make him happy, secure, satisfied, or anything else, provid
10、ed it raises his out put and diminishes friction. In the name of “ human relations, “ the worker is treated with all devices which suit a completely alienated person: even happiness and human values are recommended in the interest of better relations with the public, thus, for instance, according to
11、 Time magazine, one of the best-know American psychiatrists said to a group of fifteen hundred Supermarket executives:“ It“s going to be an increased satisfaction to our customers if we are happy.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management, if we could put some of these general pr
12、inciples of values, human relationships, really into practice. “ One speaks of “human relations“ and one means the most inhuman relations, those between alienated automatons:one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.（分数：2.00）填
13、空项 1:_3.Translate the following sentences into English(武汉大学 2012研，考试科目：基础英语)In general, the United States was founded upon European, and especially British, precedents. Culturally speaking , America might be called a European colony. However, to say so is to draw attention to the complexity of the A
14、-merican scene. No other colony has been so heterogeneously populated, or so long politically independent of Europe. No other country whose origins lie in Europe has had so sharp an awareness of its cleavage from, and superiority to, the parent cultures. Running through American history, and therefo
15、re through American literature, is a double consciousness of Old World modes and New World possibilities. Yesterday has been dismissed and pined for:tomorrow has been invoked and dreaded. It has not been the most favorable of situations for the production of literature. As A-merican, the writer has
16、distrusted Europe: as writer, he has envied the riches available to his European counterpart. At any rate, this was true of creative literature: the novel, the poem, and the play were for long inhibited in the United States. By and large, critical and historical writings have flowed more easily from
17、 American pens.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.Translate the following English into Chinese(武汉大学 2011研，考试科目：英语综合) Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadnes
18、s about friends who are dead. One“s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy: one“s own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that one“s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and
19、one“s mind more keen. The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of sucking vigour from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a bu
20、rden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without interest in them, but one“s interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves
21、, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult. I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom b
22、orn of experience can be exercised without being oppressive.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Translate the following passage into Chinese by using proper translating strategies and methods(中南财经政法大学 2009研，考试科目：语言学、文学与翻译)Future historians, I hope, will consider the American fast food industry a relic of the 20th cen
23、turya set of attitudes, systems, and beliefs that emerged from postwar southern California, that embodied its limitless faith in technology , that quickly spread across the globe, flourished briefly, and then receded, once its true costs became clear and its thinking became obsolete. We cannot ignor
24、e the meaning of mad cow. It is one more warning about unintended consequences, about human arrogance and the blind worship of science. The same mind-set that would add beef to your chicken nuggets would also feed pigs to cows. Whatever replaces the fast food industry should be regional, diverse, au
25、thentic, unpredictable, sustainable, profitable and humble. It should know its limits. People can be fed without being fattened or deceived. This new century may bring an impatience with conformity, a refusal to be kept in the dark, less greed, more compassion, less speed, more common sense, a sense
26、 of humor about brand essences and loyalties, a view of food as more than just fuel. Things don“t have to be the way they are. Despite all evidence to the contrary, I remain optimistic.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.Translate the following passage into fluent Chinese by using proper translating strategies and sk
27、ills(中南财经政法大学 2008研，考试科目：翻译与写作)“Duty“ , “Honor“ , “Country“those three hallowed(神圣的)words reverently dictate what you want to be, what you can be, what you will be. They are you rallying point to behold courage when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when these seems to be little cause for faith
28、, to create hope when hope becomes forlorn(被遗弃的). Unhappily , I possess neither that eloquence of diction, that poetry of imagination, nor that brilliance of metaphor to tell you all that they mean.The unbelievers will say they are but words, but a slogan, but a flamboyant(华丽的)phrase. Every pedant,
29、every demagogue, every cynic, every hypocrite(虚伪的人), every troublemaker, and, I am sorry to say, some others of an entirely different character, will try to downgrade them even to the extent of mockery and ridicule.But these are some of the things they do. They build your basic character. They mold
30、you for your future roles as the custodians(监护人，卫士)of the nation“s defense. They make you for strong enough to know when you are weak, and brave enough to face yourself when you are afraid.They teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success, not to substitute
31、 words for action, not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty and challenge: to learn to stand up in the storm, but to have compassion on those who fall: to master yourself before you seek to master others: to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high to lea
32、rn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep to reach into the future, yet never neglect the past: to be servers, yet never take yourself too seriously, to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness:the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength.They give you a te
33、mperate will, a quality of imagination, a vigor of the emotions, a freshness of the deep springs of life, a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, an appetite for adventure over love of ease. They create in your heart the sense of wonder, the unfailing hope of what next, and the joy an
34、d its inspiration of life. They teach you in this way to be an officer and a gentleman.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.Translate the following passages into Chinese(湖北大学 2008研，考试科目：翻译与写作)I still keep in mind a certain wonderful sunset which I witnessed when steam-boating was new to me. A broad expanse of the rive
35、r was turned to blood: in the middle distance the red hue brightened into gold, through which a solitary log came floating black and conspicuous: in one place a long, slanting mark lay sparkling upon the water: in another the surface was broken by boiling, tumbling waves, that were as many-tinted as
36、 an opal: where the ruddy flush was faintest, was a smooth spot that was covered with graceful circles and radiating lines, ever so delicately traced: the shore on our left was densely wooded, and the somber shadow that fell from this forest was broken in one place by a long, curvy trail that shone
37、like silver: and high above the forest wall a clean-stemmed dead tree waved a single gold leafy bough that glowed like a flame in the unobstructed splendor that was flowing from the sun. There were graceful curves, reflected images, woody heights, soft distances: and over the whole scene, far and ne
38、ar, the dissolving lights drifted steadily, enriching it every passing moment with new marvels of coloring.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “ We hold theses truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. “I
39、 have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and sons of former slave owners will be able to sit together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by
40、the content of their character.I have a dream today! When we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and hamlet, from every state and city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God“s childrenblack men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Catholics and Protestantswill b
41、e able to join hands and to sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, “free at least, free at last. Thank God Almighty, we are free at last. “（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.English-Chinese Translation(华中师范大学 2012研，考试科目：写作翻译)Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing
42、for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasyecst
43、asy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves lonelinessthat terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have soug
44、ht it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is whatat lastI have found.With equal passion I have sought knowled
45、ge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward to
46、ward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life sh
47、ould be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.(Bertrand Russell: What I Have lived for)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.English-Chinese Translation(华中师范大学 2011研，考试科目：写作翻译)Torc
48、ello, which used to be lonely as a cloud, has recently become an outing from Venice. Many more visitors than it can comfortably hold pour into it, off the regular steamers, off chartered motor-boats, and off yachts: all day they amble up the towpath, looking for what? The cathedral is decorated with
49、 early mosaics-scenes from hell, much restored, and a great sad, austere Madonna: Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors have acquired it. They wander into the church and look round aimlessly. They come out on to the village green and photograph each other in a stone armchair, said to be the throne of Attila. They relentlessly tear at the wild roses which one has seen in bud and longed
