1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 15及答案解析(总分：52.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、简答题(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle.（南开大学 2004研)A: When is the bus coming?B: There has been an accident further up the road.（分数：2.00）_2.Analyze the following di
2、alogue with reference to Grice“s Cooperative Principle.(北二外2005研)A: Oh I like this popular song so much How about you?B: I often hear classical music, especially, the symphonies composed by Beethoven His Symphony No. 9 is my favorite.（分数：2.00）_3.In what ways do people cooperate in their conversation
3、s?(人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）_4.What is sociolinguistics?（北航 2008研)（分数：2.00）_5.The following is a statement by a Japanese businessman; “You buy in your own language, but you sell in your customer“s language. “ How do you understand it?（人大 2005研)（分数：2.00）_6.What is language variation?（分数：2.00）_7.What is Sapi
4、r-Whorf hypothesis?（分数：2.00）_8.What distinction, if any, can you draw between bilingualism and diglossia?（分数：2.00）_9.How do the speech of women and the speech of men differ from each other?（分数：2.00）_10.The following statements are examples of excessive use of euphemism. How to improve them? Examples
5、 of excessive use of euphemism:(1)The employees who had been notified of an interruption in their employment were referred to their outplacement manager.(2)The official acknowledged that he had misspoken when he said the troops had not engaged in any protective-reaction missions.(3)The prisoner“s li
6、fe will be terminated at dawn.(4)The non-essential personnel in this division will be vacationed by next week.(5)Reaching the top of the ladder of success must be a moving experience.(6)I was told that he did away with himself.It is a widespread but unproven hypothesis that the parameters of signifi
7、cant personal change for persons in mid-life are extremely narrow.I purchased a residential property that was in need of substantial upgrading.（分数：2.00）_11.It is claimed in sociolinguistics that you are what you say. How would you comment on this theoretical claim?（武汉大学 2011研)（分数：2.00）_12.What is th
8、e purpose of studying language and mind?（南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_13.What are the factors influencing sentence comprehension?（分数：2.00）_14.What are the four stages of language production and how do you understand them?（分数：2.00）_15.What is the purpose of studying language and mind?（南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_16
9、.What are the four assumptions of the classical theory?（分数：2.00）_17.Explain three levels of categorization.（分数：2.00）_18.How do you understand interlanguage?（西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）_19.What is meant by Move-a in Universal Grammar?（西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）_20.What are the four obvious barriers to adult L2
10、 acquisition?（浙江大学 2003研)（分数：2.00）_21.Please state the factors that cause errors and mistakes in foreign language learning.（厦门大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_22.To what extent is second language learning similar to first language learning? Can you list some proof from your own learning experiences?（分数：2.00）_23.I
11、dentify personality factors that may contribute to the SUCCESS of learning a second/foreign language.（分数：2.00）_24.What is communicative competence? How should we develop it in our foreign lauguage learning?(四川大学 2010研)（分数：2.00）_25.What are the main features and theoretical base of the audiolingual m
12、ethod?（分数：2.00）_26.Describe the three main types of language tests.（分数：2.00）_英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 15答案解析(总分：52.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、简答题(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle.（南开大学 2004研)A: When is the bus coming?B: There h
13、as been an accident further up the road.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：On the face of it, B violated the maxim of relation since he did not provide a direct answer to A“s question. But A would assume that B is cooperative in the conversation, and would try to explore the link between the seemingly irrelevant
14、response to something relevant. Thus, A would interpret B“s utterance in such a way that because there had been as accident further up the road, it was quite possible that the road was blocked; in a consequence, the bus would not be able to come.)解析：2.Analyze the following dialogue with reference to
15、 Grice“s Cooperative Principle.(北二外2005研)A: Oh I like this popular song so much How about you?B: I often hear classical music, especially, the symphonies composed by Beethoven His Symphony No. 9 is my favorite.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：B has obviously violated Maxim of Relation; A was asking B“s opinion
16、about a particular popular song, but B“s response was actually about classical music. By such a violation, B probably wanted to imply that he did not like that popular song.)解析：3.In what ways do people cooperate in their conversations?(人大 2006研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：In daily conversations people do n
17、ot usually say things directly but tend to imply them, and according to Grice, they seem to observe willingly or unwillingly certain principle, which is called “cooperative principle“ : “Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpo
18、se or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged“. Under this principle, there are four maxims, namely, Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner.)解析：4.What is sociolinguistics?（北航 2008研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Sociolinguistics is an umbrella term which covers a variety of different interest
19、s in language and society, including the social functions of language and the social characteristics of its users. It studies the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions, and the characteristics of their speakers as these three constantly interact and change wit
20、hin a speech community.)解析：解析：（本题考查社会语言学的定义。)5.The following is a statement by a Japanese businessman; “You buy in your own language, but you sell in your customer“s language. “ How do you understand it?（人大 2005研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：This reflects some features of pidgin which is a special language
21、variety that mixes or blends languages and it id used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. And also, it reflects the tendency of intercultural communication from the aspect of language.)解析：6.What is language variation?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：It is differences
22、 in pronunciation, grammar, or word choice within a language. Variation in a language may be related to region, to social class and/or educational background or to the degree of formality of a situation in which language is used. For sociolinguists, the most important verity is that a languageany la
23、nguageis full of systematic variation, variation that can only accounted for by appealing, outside language, to socially relevant force and facts. Sociolinguistics takes as its primary task to map linguistic variation on to social conditions. This mapping helps understand not just synchronic variati
24、on(variation at a single point of time), but also diachronic variation(variation over time)or language change.)解析：7.What is Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：It is a belief that our language helps mould our way of thinking and, consequently, different languages may probably express our uni
25、que ways of understanding the world. On the one hand, language may determine our thinking patterns; on the other, similarity between languages relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. As this hypothesis was strongly put
26、 forward by the American anthropological linguists Sa-pir and Whorf, it has often been called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.)解析：8.What distinction, if any, can you draw between bilingualism and diglossia?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Bilingualism refers to a linguistic situation in which two standard languages
27、are used in a speech community; whereas in a diglossia community, two varieties of language are used for different situations, one being more standard and higher, and used for more formal matters, and the other less prestigious, and used for colloquial situations.“)解析：9.How do the speech of women an
28、d the speech of men differ from each other?（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Women tend to use more prestigious forms, more polite and indirect language, more tag questions, less powerful curse words, more statement questions, and more specific color terms than their male counterparts. In mixed-gender groups, at
29、 public gatherings, and in many informal conversations, men spend more time talking than do women. For example, in one experiment, the men with expertise talked longer than the women with expertise. Men initiate more interaction than do women.)解析：10.The following statements are examples of excessive
30、 use of euphemism. How to improve them? Examples of excessive use of euphemism:(1)The employees who had been notified of an interruption in their employment were referred to their outplacement manager.(2)The official acknowledged that he had misspoken when he said the troops had not engaged in any p
31、rotective-reaction missions.(3)The prisoner“s life will be terminated at dawn.(4)The non-essential personnel in this division will be vacationed by next week.(5)Reaching the top of the ladder of success must be a moving experience.(6)I was told that he did away with himself.It is a widespread but un
32、proven hypothesis that the parameters of significant personal change for persons in mid-life are extremely narrow.I purchased a residential property that was in need of substantial upgrading.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Improved versions; (1)The laid-off employees were told to speak to the person who would
33、try to help them find new jobs. (2)The official admitted that he had lied when he claimed the troops had not engaged in any offensive missions. (3)The prisoner will be executed at dawn. (4)The unnecessary people in this division will be laid off by next week. (5)Being successful must be a pleasant e
34、xperience. (6)I was told that he had committed suicide. (7)It is a widely held myth that middle-aged people can“t change. (8)I bought a house in need of repair. (9)It is a language that is used for communication between different groups of people, each speaking a different language. The lingua franc
35、a could be an internationally used language of communication(e. g. English), or it could be the native language of one of the groups, or it could be a language which is not spoken natively by any of the groups but has a simplified sentence structure and vocabulary and is often a mixture of two or mo
36、re languages.)解析：11.It is claimed in sociolinguistics that you are what you say. How would you comment on this theoretical claim?（武汉大学 2011研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Everyone speaks differently. A personal dialect of an individual speaker combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age var
37、iations. In other words, an individual speaker“s regional and social back ground, his/her gender and age jointly determine the way he/she talks. From this point, we can claim that “You are what you say“. Following this claim, we may expand the scope of our observation by introducing some social fact
38、ors that are believed to influence our language behavior in a social context. Among these factors, some major ones include a)class; b)gender; c)age; d)ethnic identity; e)education background; f)occupation and g)religious belief. In our daily speaking, the potential selection of linguistic forms can
39、reflect the above factors, which determine our identities. For example, women use more “fancy“ color terms such as “mauve“ and “beige“ ; use less powerful curse words; use more intensifiers such as “terrible“ and “awful“ ; use more tag questions. On the other hand, your way of speaking, to some extent, r
