1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 19及答案解析(总分：158.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：17，分数：34.00)1.The sound /p/can be described with “ 1, bilabial, stop“. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.The sound /b/can be described with “ 1, bilabial, stop“. (北二外 2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel. And
2、as a result are most conveniently described in terms of 1and manner of articulation. (北二外 2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4. 1are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Th
3、e present system of the 1derives mainly from one developed in the 1920s by the British phonetician, Daniel Jones (18811967) , and his colleagues at University of London. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel, and as a result are most conveniently described
4、 in terms of place and 1of articulation. (北二外 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.The sound /k/ can be described with “voiceless, 1 , stop“. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8. 1transcription should transcribe all the possible speech sounds, including the minute shades. (北二外 2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9. 1refers to the ch
5、ange of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound. (中山大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.Stress refers to the degree of 1used in producing a syllable. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.The syllable structure in Chinese is 1or 2or 3. (清华 2000研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_12.The different memb
6、ers of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not make one word different from another in meaning, are 1. (北二外 2009研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.In English, the two words cut and gut differ only in their initial sounds and the two sounds are two different 1and the two words are a 2pair. (北
7、二外 2010研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_14.Phonetic similarity means that the 1of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance. (中山大学 2011年研).（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.In English there are a number of 1, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_
8、16.According to 1, when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.In phonological analysis the words fail - veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes/f/ - /v/. This is an example for illustrating 1.（分数：2.00）
9、填空项 1:_二、判断题(总题数：17，分数：34.00)18.In the sound writing system, the reference of the grapheme is the phoneme. (清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假19.A phoneme in one language or one dialect may be an allophone in another language or dialect. (清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假20.The speech sounds which are in complementary
10、 distribution are definitely allophones of the same phoneme. (北二外 2010研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假21.Broad Transcription is intended to symbolize all the possible speech sounds, including the minute shades. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假22.The initial sound of “peak“ is aspirated while the second sound of “speak“
11、is unaspirated. They are in free variation. (北二外 2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假23.Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphological resemblance. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假24.The last sound of “top“ can be articulated as an unreleased or released plosive. These differ
12、ent realizations of the same phoneme are not in complementary distribution. (北二外2007研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假25.The speech sounds we hear and produce during linguistic communications are all phonemes. (对外经贸 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假26.A syllable can be divided into two parts, the NUCLEUS and the CODA.(大连外国语学院 2
13、008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假27.All syllables contain three parts; onset, nucleus and coda. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假28.In English, we can have the syllable structure of CCCVCCCC. (清华 2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假29.The last sound of “sit“ can be articulated as an unreleased or released plosive. These different rea
14、lizations of the same phoneme are not in complementary distribution. (北二外2009研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假30.The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by copying a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假31.The airstream provided by the lungs has to underg
15、o a number of modifications to acquire the quality of a speech sound.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假32.Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation.（
16、分数：2.00）A.真B.假33.p is voiced bilabial stop.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假34.Sound p in the word “spit“ is an unaspirated stop.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假三、单项选择题(总题数：18，分数：36.00)35.Of the three cavities. _is the most variable and active in amplifying and modifying speech sounds. (北二外 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.nasal cavityB.pharynx cavi
17、tyC.oral cavity36.Of the consonants /p/ , /t/, /k/, /f/, /m/, /z/ and /g/, which has the features of voiceless and velar? (对外经贸 2005研)（分数：2.00）A./k/B./p/C./g/D./t/37.The consonant /s/ in the word “smile“ can be described as: (对外经贸 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.voiceless oral alveolar fricativeB.voiceless nasal b
18、ilabial liquidC.voiced oral alveolar plosiveD.voiced oral bilabial fricative38.The vowel_is a low back vowel. (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A./i: /B./u/C./e/D./a: /39.Which of the following is true of an allophone? (对外经贸 2005研)（分数：2.00）A.A phone can be the allophone of all English vowel phonemes.B.There a
19、re no restrictions on the distribution of an allophone.C.There is no possibility of an allophone becoming a phoneme.D.An allophone changes the meaning of the word.40.Which of the following is not a minimal pair? (对外经贸 2006研)（分数：2.00）A./li: f/fi: l/B./sip/zip/C./sai/sei/D./keit/feit/41.A sound which
20、is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of word from another in a given language is a_. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）A.allophoneB.phoneC.phoneme42.Which of the following CANNOT be considered as minimal pair? (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A./ai/-B./p/-/b/C./s/- /43.Point out which item does not fall unde
21、r the same category as the rest, and explain the reason in ONE sentence. (南京大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）A.resolutionB.residentC.restartD.resignation44._is one of the suprasegmental features.（分数：2.00）A.VoicingB.StopC.DeletionD.Tone45.Classification of English speech sounds in terms of manner of articulation in
22、volves the following EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.fricativesB.lateralC.affricatesD.bilabial46.An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are_of the p phoneme.（分数：2.00）A.analoguesB.tagmemesC.morphemesD.allophones47.Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?（分数：2.00）A.Acoustic p
23、honeticsB.Articulatory phonetics.C.Auditory phoneticsD.Neither of them.48.Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?（分数：2.00）A.fB.vC.zD.w49.Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?（分数：2.00）A.nB.mC.bD.p50.What kind of sounds can we
24、make when the vocal cords are vibrating?（分数：2.00）A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.Glottal stopD.Consonant51.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _and vocabulary.（分数：2.00）A.usageB.grammarC.pronunciationD.structure52.Which of the following is the correct descriptio
25、n of v ?（分数：2.00）A.voiceless labiodental fricativeB.voiced labiodental fricativeC.voiceless labiodental stopD.voiced labiodental stop四、简答题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)53.For the following words, state the conditions under which the different forms of the past tense appear. What determines whether /t/, /d/, or /
26、id/ is used? What distinctive features define conditioning environment? (南开大学 2004研)1. crushed 2. heaped 3. kicked 4. pitted5. deeded 6. bagged 7. killed 8. nabbed9. thrived 10. breathed 11. turned 12. hissed13. plowed 14. climbed 15. singed 16. hanged17. cinched 18. played 19. hated 20. branded（分数：
27、2.00）_54.How are the vowels described usually? (北二外 2009研)（分数：2.00）_55.Why do we say language is primarily vocal? (厦门大学 2009研)（分数：2.00）_56.What are the criteria used in phonetic description of vowels? (厦门大学 2010研)（分数：2.00）_57.In English, the phoneme /p/ is pronounced differently in pat, spat, and ta
28、p, can you form a rule that can generalize this linguistic phenomenon? (南开大学 2010研)（分数：2.00）_58.What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation? (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_59.Phoneme is the smallest meaningful unit of sound and morpheme is the smallest meaning
29、ful unit in grammar. (中山大学 2011年研)（分数：2.00）_60.In the African language Manika, the affix, the meaning of which is similar to that of the suffixing in English, has two phonetic forms, as shown in the data given below. You are required to (1) give the two phonetic forms of the affix;(2) give the under
30、lying form of the affix;(3)write a formal phonological rule to derive the underlying form of the affix to its phonetic forms, using the words dumuni “eating“ and sungoli “sleeping“ to illustrate the process of derivation(南开大学 2011年研)bugo hit bugoli hittingdila repair dilali repairingdon come donni c
31、omingdumu eat dumuni eatinggwen chase gwenni chasingda lie down dali lying downfamu know famuni knowingmen hear menni hearingsungo sleep sungoli sleeping“（分数：2.00）_61.What are suprasegmental features? How do the major suprasegmental features of English function in conveying meaning?（分数：2.00）_62.What
32、 is free variation?（分数：2.00）_63.What are vowels glide about? What differentiates pure or monophthong vowel from vowel glides?（分数：2.00）_64.What is assimilation? Is it similar to coarticulation? What dose it include?（分数：2.00）_五、名词解释(总题数：11，分数：22.00)65.Assimilation (南开大学 2010研；武汉大学 2008研；上海交大 2005研)（分数
33、：2.00）_66.Distinctive features of speech sounds (中山大学 2008研；北师大 2003研；北交大 2005研，浙江大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）_67.Syllable (四川大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_68.Cardinal vowel (四川大学 2006研；大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）_69.Voiceless (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）_70.Minimal pairs (武汉大学 2005研；浙江大学 2004研；四川大学 2007研；上海交大 2006研；北航2008研；北二外 20
34、06研)（分数：2.00）_71.Coarticulation (武汉大学 2008研；四川大学 2006研；南开大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）_72.Broad and narrow transcription (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_73.Complementary distribution (武汉大学 2008研；南开大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）_74.acoustic phonetics(南开大学 2011研)（分数：2.00）_75.SPEAKING(中山大学 2011年研)（分数：2.00）_六、1 举例说明题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)76.I
35、s English a language that uses a phonetic alphabet system? Explain briefly why or why not with examples. (北外 2004研)（分数：2.00）_77.What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation? (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_78.What are phonemes, phones and allophones? Explain the
36、ir relationship with examples from English or Chinese. (北外 2005研)（分数：2.00）_79.What are suprasegmental features? (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）_英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 19答案解析(总分：158.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：17，分数：34.00)1.The sound /p/can be described with “ 1, bilabial, stop“. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确
37、答案：voiceless）解析：解析：p是双唇音，爆破音，清音。2.The sound /b/can be described with “ 1, bilabial, stop“. (北二外 2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：voiced）解析：解析：b是双唇音，爆破音，浊音。3.Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel. And as a result are most conveniently described in terms of 1and manner of articulation.
38、(北二外 2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：place）解析：解析：辅音根据发音方式和发音部位进行分类。4. 1are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Consonants）解析：解析：发音时，声道的某些部位受到压缩或阻碍
39、后，使得气流在口腔里转向、受阻或完全被阻塞而产生的音叫做辅音。5.The present system of the 1derives mainly from one developed in the 1920s by the British phonetician, Daniel Jones (18811967) , and his colleagues at University of London. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：cardinal vowels）解析：解析：基本元音是指一系列约定俗成、固定不变的元音特质，目的是为语言中实际
40、存在的元音描述提供一个参照框架。6.Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel, and as a result are most conveniently described in terms of place and 1of articulation. (北二外 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：manner）解析：7.The sound /k/ can be described with “voiceless, 1 , stop“. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：velar）解析：解析：k是清音，软腭音，爆破音。8. 1transcription should transcribe
