1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 22及答案解析(总分：126.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：14，分数：28.00)1.According to G Leech, 1meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content. (北二外 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.According to G Leech, 1meaning refers to logic
2、, cognitive, or denotative content. (北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.According to G. Leech, 1meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or sta
3、nds for, is known as the 1theory. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5. 1is the technical name for the sameness relation. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.Terms like “apple“, “banana“ and “pear“ are 1of the term “fruit“. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.“Mary gave a book to Jack“ is synonymous with “Jack 1a book f
4、rom Mary.“ (北二外 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.Terms like “rolling pin“ and “ladle“ are 1of the term “kitchen implements.“ (北二外 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.Antonyms like “husband“ v. “wife“ are 1antonyms. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.Terms like “desk“ and “stool“ are 1of the term “furniture“. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2
5、.00）填空项 1:_11. 1= PARANT(x, y) 1 and 2.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、判断题(总题数：11，分数：22.00)15.In the sentence “Money is often said to be the root of all evil“, “root“ is used in its conceptual meaning. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假16.After comparing “They stopped at the end of the corridor.“ with “At the end
6、of the corridor, they stopped“, you may find some difference in meaning, and the difference can be interpreted in terms of collocative meaning. (北二外 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假17.Conceptual meaning overlaps to a large extent with the notion of “reference“. (北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假18.When you use your own
7、 sentence with a meaning other than the conceptual, the meaning is some- times referred to as speakers meaning, or contextual meaning. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假19.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theo
8、ry. (北二外 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假20.Reference is one of the rarely used cohesive devices. (南开大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假21.Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct. (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假22.“Tulip“, “rose“ and “violet“ are all included in the no
9、tion of “flower“. Therefore they are superordinates of “flower“. (北二外 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假23.The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of COMPOSITIONALITY. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假24
10、.The two words borrow and lend are antonyms but the two sentences “Jan lent some money to Jack“ and “Jack borrowed some money from Jan“ are synonymous. (北二外 2010研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假25.All the words in a language can be used to refer, but only some have senses. (北二外 2010研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假三、单项选择题(总题数：12，分
11、数：24.00)26.When the word “root“ means “part of plant that keeps it firmly in the soil and absorbs water and food from the soil“, the meaning is_meaning. (北二外 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.connotativeB.conceptualC.reflected27._ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic worl
12、d experience. (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SemanticsD.Sense28.Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leechs seven types of meaning? (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.Connotative meaning.B.Denotative meaning.C.Conceptual meaning.29.According to C. Ogden and I. Richards,_is regarded as the
13、 crucial intermediary between_and_. (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.symbol . referent . thoughtB.referent . thought . symbolC.thought . symbol . referent30.There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are represent
14、ed by_respectively. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymyB.synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymyC.antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy31.Bird and cuckoo have the sense relation of hyponymy. Which of the following pairs of words has the same sense relation? (对外经贸 2005研)（分数：2.00）A.Vowel an
15、d consonantB.Mouth and tongueC.Lexicon and wordD.Number and gender32.By componential analysis, BECOME (x, ( ALIVE(x) is an explanation of_.(西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.dieB.deadC.killD.killed33.The sense relationship between “John plays the piano“ and “John plays a musical instrument“ is _.(北二外 2004研)（
16、分数：2.00）A.synonymyB.antonymyC.entailment34.Which of the following are gradable antonyms?（分数：2.00）A.good and badB.male and femaleC.young and oldD.buy and sell35.Conceptual meaning is not_（分数：2.00）A.affectiveB.cognitiveC.logicD.denotative36.When the truth of sentence (a) guarantees the truth of senten
17、ce (b), and the falsity of sentence (b) guarantees the falsity of sentence (a) , we can say that_.（分数：2.00）A.sentence (a) presupposes sentence (b)B.sentence (a) entails sentence (b)C.sentence (a) is inconsistent with sentence (b)D.sentence (a) contradicts sentence (b)37.“Socrates is a man“ is a case
18、 of_.（分数：2.00）A.two-place predicateB.one-place predicateC.two-place argumentD.one-place argument四、简答题(总题数：7，分数：14.00)38.What is the referential theory of meaning? (北交大 2005研)（分数：2.00）_39.What are the three kinds of antonyms? (武汉大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_40.What is your opinion on “true synonymy is non-exis
19、tent“? (四川大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_41.How would you describe the oddness of the following sentences, using semantic features? (浙江大学 2004研)(a) The television drank my water.(b) His dog writes poetry.（分数：2.00）_42.Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why? (厦门大学 2010研)（分数：2.00）_43.What is the diff
20、erence between meaning, concept, connotation, and denotation?（分数：2.00）_44.What is sense and what is reference? How are they related?（分数：2.00）_五、名词解释(总题数：14，分数：28.00)45.Conceptual meaning (四川大学 2010研；武汉大学 2007研；上海交大 2006研)（分数：2.00）_46.Contextual meaning (浙江大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）_47.Concatenation (四川大学 20
21、06研)（分数：2.00）_48.Denotation (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_49.Semantic Triangle (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）_50.Lexical relations (上海交大 2006研)（分数：2.00）_51.Homonymy (上海交大 2007研)（分数：2.00）_52.Relational opposites (武汉大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）_53.Synonymy (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）_54.Componential analysis (浙江大学 2005研；北航 2008研)（
22、分数：2.00）_55.Entailment (武汉大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_56.Presupposition(武汉大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_57.Polysemy (北外 2010研)（分数：2.00）_58.linguistic variable (北外 2011研)（分数：2.00）_六、1 举例说明题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)59.Please list and explain the 7 types of meaning recognized by G. Leech. (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）_60.The British lingu
23、ist F. R. Palmer argues that “there is no absolute distinction between gradable antonyms and complementary antonyms.“ Do you believe so? Support your view with examples.(南开大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）_61.Words in our mental lexicon are known to be related to one another. Discuss the relationships between word
24、s, using examples from the English language. (北外 2003研)（分数：2.00）_62.Categorize the following pairs: child - kid, alive - dead, big - small, husband - wife.（分数：2.00）_63.How many semantic relations are there among sentences? Give examples.（分数：2.00）_英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 22答案解析(总分：126.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总
25、题数：14，分数：28.00)1.According to G Leech, 1meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content. (北二外 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Connotative）解析：解析：利奇认为内涵意义是指通过语言所指传达的意义，是位于纯粹的概念意义之上的。2.According to G Leech, 1meaning ref
26、ers to logic, cognitive, or denotative content. (北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Conceptual）解析：解析：利奇认为概念意义是指逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容。3.According to G. Leech, 1meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Affective）解析：解析：
27、利奇认为感情意义是指所传达的关于说话人作者感情、态度方面的意义。4.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the 1theory. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Referential）解析：解析：把词语意义跟它所指称或所代表的事物联系起来的理论，叫做指称理论。5. 1is the technical name for the sameness relation
28、. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Synonymy）解析：解析：同义关系是相同关系的专业术语，完全的同义关系是很少的。所谓的同义词都是依赖语境的，它们总是在这方面或那方面有所不同。6.Terms like “apple“, “banana“ and “pear“ are 1of the term “fruit“. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：hyponyms）解析：解析：上下义关系是指意义内包关系或者说一种类和成员间的关系。题中“苹果，香蕉，梨”都是“水果”的下义词。7.“Mary gave a
29、book to Jack“ is synonymous with “Jack 1a book from Mary.“ (北二外 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：received）解析：解析：参考“同义词”的定义。8.Terms like “rolling pin“ and “ladle“ are 1of the term “kitchen implements.“ (北二外 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：hyponyms）解析：解析：“擀面杖”和“勺子”都属于“厨房用具”的下义词。9.Antonyms like “hus
30、band“ v. “wife“ are 1antonyms. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：converse）解析：解析：反向反义关系是反义关系的一种特殊类型，典型地表现在两两相对的社会角色、亲属关系、时间和空间等方面；丈夫与妻子的关系属于此种反义关系。10.Terms like “desk“ and “stool“ are 1of the term “furniture“. (北二外 2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：(co-)hyponyms）解析：解析：在上下义关系中，一个坐标词通常有很多下义词。同类中的成
31、员叫做同下义词。题中“桌子”和“凳子”都是“家具”的下义词。11. 1= PARANT(x, y) 1 and 2.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Argument）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：predicate）解析：解析：述谓结构分析把述谓结构分析分割为论元和谓词。其中谓词是控制论元的主要要素。二、判断题(总题数：11，分数：22.00)15.In the sentence “Money is often said to be the root of all evil“, “root“ is used in its conceptual meaning. (北二外
32、2007研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：这里的“root”是用了它的联想意义中的内涵义，不是概念意义。16.After comparing “They stopped at the end of the corridor.“ with “At the end of the corridor, they stopped“, you may find some difference in meaning, and the difference can be interpreted in terms of collocative meaning. (北二外 2006研)（分数：2.0
33、0）A.真B.假 解析：解析：搭配意义是通过词语的常用搭配而传达的意义。主位意义是通过顺序和重音这种信息的方式所传达的意义。显然这里用的是主位意义。17.Conceptual meaning overlaps to a large extent with the notion of “reference“. (北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：概念意义是逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容。指称理论指把词语意义跟它所指称或所代表的事物联系起来，二者有其相似之处。18.When you use your own sentence with a meaning other tha
34、n the conceptual, the meaning is some- times referred to as speakers meaning, or contextual meaning. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：有时句子的意思要根据说话人想表达的意思而定，这也可称为语境意。19.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential
35、theory. (北二外 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：把词语意义跟它所指称或所代表的事物联系起来的理论，叫做指称理论。20.Reference is one of the rarely used cohesive devices. (南开大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：指称是一种常用的衔接手段。21.Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct. (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）A
36、.真 B.假解析：解析：奥格登和理查兹在意义的意义一书中提出了语义三角的理论。他们认为词与所指事物之间没有直接的关系。它们是以概念为中介的。22.“Tulip“, “rose“ and “violet“ are all included in the notion of “flower“. Therefore they are superordinates of “flower“. (北二外 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：位于上下义这种意义关系上位的词语，即类名，叫做上坐标词；居于下位的是成员，叫做下义词。这里的上标词应该是“flower”。23.The idea t
37、hat the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of COMPOSITIONALITY. (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：组合性原则是指句子的意思要由组成句子的各个成分和各成分的组合方式来决定。24.The two words borrow and lend are antonyms but the two sente
38、nces “Jan lent some money to Jack“ and “Jack borrowed some money from Jan“ are synonymous. (北二外 2010研)（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：borrow 与 lend是关系反义词。第一个句子的意思是 Jan借给 Jack一些钱，第二个句子是Jack借了 Jan的一些钱，所以尽管这两个词是反义词，但这两个句子表达的是一个意思。25.All the words in a language can be used to refer, but only some have senses. (北二
39、外 2010研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：一种语言中的所有词都有涵义但并不是每个词都有指称。三、单项选择题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)26.When the word “root“ means “part of plant that keeps it firmly in the soil and absorbs water and food from the soil“, the meaning is_meaning. (北二外 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.connotativeB.conceptual C.reflected解析：解析：概念意义指逻辑的、认知的、
40、外延的内容，题中对“root”的解释正是此项。27._ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience. (西安交大 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.Reference B.ConceptC.SemanticsD.Sense解析：解析：指称指拥有某些属性的具体实体，它处理的是语言元素与非语言世界的关系。28.Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leechs seven types of meaning? (大连外国语学院 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.Connotative meaning.B.Denotative meaning. C.Conceptual meaning.解析：解析：利奇提出的 7种意义分别为概念意义，内涵意义，社会意义，感情意义，反射意义，搭配意义和主位意义。29.According to C. Ogden and I. Richard
