1、2010年职称英语之综合类 A级及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选择(第 115 题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Fields neighboring the nuclear plant are higher than regular levels of radioactivity. （分数：1.00）A.significantB.usualC.importantD.harmful2.The French Revolution was a period of disorder, but produced some great lit
2、erature. （分数：1.00）A.chaosB.interestC.imaginationD.success3.She was one of the leading writers of her day. （分数：1.00）A.expectedB.naturalC.most importantD.least4.The hill was once rich with iron. （分数：1.00）A.abundantB.destituteC.enoughD.sufficient5.The retired couple lived a life of ease. （分数：1.00）A.lux
3、uryB.miseryC.povertyD.comfort6.The new type of car is fairly economical of fuel. （分数：1.00）A.using littleB.effectiveC.efficientD.economic7.What were the effects of the decision she made? （分数：1.00）A.resultB.extinctionC.lureD.reason8.Put some effort into your work （分数：1.00）A.effectB.forceC.coverageD.en
4、ergy9.The number of United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase. （分数：1.00）A.encouragedB.enforcedC.entitledD.expected10.According to the constitution, anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. （分数：1.00）A.illegalB.legitimateC.requiredD.qualified11.The doctor said that I
5、had to eliminate alcohol. （分数：1.00）A.cut outB.cut onC.cut inD.cut up12.The class of mammals embraces nearly all warm-blooded animals except the birds. （分数：1.00）A.takes onB.takes overC.takes inD.takes up13.The environmentalists advocated better protection of the earth. （分数：1.00）A.appealB.pledgeC.proc
6、laimD.urge14.We can utilize water for producing electric power. （分数：1.00）A.employB.embraceC.emergeD.emphasize15.Your reasons for refusing to help are quite vague. （分数：1.00）A.obviousB.typicalC.impreciseD.unreasonable二、第 2部分：阅读判断(第 1622 题，每题(总题数：7，分数：7.00)16.Choosing a Topic for Research Because you a
7、re going to put a lot of your time and energy into your research project, the topic is especially important. In many instances your instructor may give a specific topic. If this is done, you have little choice, but most instructors will permit or even welcome a slightly changed focus in a topic if i
8、t is supported by good thinking. In some of your classes, the instructor may present a suggested list of several topics from which you are to make a choice. If this is done, do not simply select the first idea that attracts your attention. It may be one with which you will soon become bored, or it m
9、ay be one on which you would have difficulty finding all the necessary information. Looking at the topics, try to consider how you might go about developing each of them. When you find out what seems especially interesting and worthwhile, do a bit checking in the library to see if you can get the ba
10、sic resources you will need. Choosing a good research topic does not necessarily mean finding something that has a lot written about it. Many times you will have to research around a topic in order to find out the most useful information. Exciting and original topics often come to mind by combining
11、two completely different interests. Let us say that you are interested in child psychology and in sports. Perhaps you can combine these into a study of the effect that is watching on the subject, you can research the topic individually and, by putting your information together, then draw a conclusio
12、n. Choosing a topic for research is important in that you will put a great deal of time and energy into it. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.All instructors will allow somewhat changed focus in the original topic. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.If all the topics are interesting, yo
13、u are advised to choose the one that has necessary information and is easy to get the basic resources you will need in the library. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.Choosing a good research topic certainly refers to finding something that has a lot written about it. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.
14、Not mentioned20.An exciting and original topic must be any two interests combined. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.You can research the topic by cooperating with others. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.The passage is most likely written for researchers. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not
15、 mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第 233(总题数：8，分数：8.00)23. The Role of Governments 1 Governments determine the legal framework that sets the basic meets for the ownership of property and the operation of markets. In addition, governments at all levels regulate economic behavior, setting detailed rules for
16、the operation of businesses. Such regulations apply to all businesses; examples include laws against fraud and racial discrimination. 2 Governments buy and produce many goods and services, such as defense, education, parks and roads, which they provide for firms and households. They typically buy co
17、mputers but write programs they need to operate them. Governments also produce and sell goods. In many countries the phone company is government-owned, like the electric system. 3 Governments also make transfer payments, such as Social Security and unemployment benefits to individuals. Transfer paym
18、ents are payments for which no current economic goods or service is provided in return and therefore do not represent expenditure for the purchase of final products. A firefighters salary is not a transfer payment, but welfare benefits are. 4 Governments pay for the goods they buy and for the transf
19、er payments they make mostly by collecting taxes, including personal income taxes, property taxes, social insurance taxes, and sales taxes. Over 60% of the government revenue in the U.S. is collected by the federal government. This does not include taxes collected by state and city government. 5 Eve
20、ry market economy suffers from business cycles. Governments, through their control of taxes and government spending and through their ability to control the quantity of money, often attempt to modify fluctuations in the business cycle. For instance, the government may reduce taxes in a recession in
21、the hope that people will increase spending and thus raise the GNP. Paragraph. 2 _. （分数：1.00）A.Collecting TaxesB.Making Transfer PaymentsC.Making Laws and RegulationsD.Buying and Selling Goods and ServicesE.Stabilizing the EconomyF.Controlling the Market24.Paragraph 3 _. （分数：1.00）A.Collecting TaxesB
22、.Making Transfer PaymentsC.Making Laws and RegulationsD.Buying and Selling Goods and ServicesE.Stabilizing the EconomyF.Controlling the Market25.Paragraph 4 _.（分数：1.00）A.Collecting TaxesB.Making Transfer PaymentsC.Making Laws and RegulationsD.Buying and Selling Goods and ServicesE.Stabilizing the Ec
23、onomyF.Controlling the Market26.Paragraph 5 _. （分数：1.00）A.Collecting TaxesB.Making Transfer PaymentsC.Making Laws and RegulationsD.Buying and Selling Goods and ServicesE.Stabilizing the EconomyF.Controlling the Market27.Governments regulate economic behavior, and the regulations _. （分数：1.00）A.apply
24、to all businesses.B.raise the GDP.C.state and city governmentD.reduce spendingE.modify fluctuations in the business cycleF.produce and sell goods28.Besides buying and producing services, governments also _.（分数：1.00）A.apply to all businesses.B.raise the GDP.C.state and city governmentD.reduce spendin
25、gE.modify fluctuations in the business cycleF.produce and sell goods29.The government revenue in the U.S. is collected by the federal government and _. （分数：1.00）A.apply to all businesses.B.raise the GDP.C.state and city governmentD.reduce spendingE.modify fluctuations in the business cycleF.produce
26、and sell goods30.The government may reduce taxes in a recession in order to _.（分数：1.00）A.apply to all businesses.B.raise the GDP.C.state and city governmentD.reduce spendingE.modify fluctuations in the business cycleF.produce and sell goods四、第 4部分：阅读理解(第 3145 题，每题(总题数：15，分数：45.00)31.Endangered Speci
27、es Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of extinction. Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution. Since the formation of the earth, many more species have become extinct than those exist today. These species slowly disappeared because of cha
28、nge of climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation. Since the 1600s, however, the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment on natural ecology systems. Today the majority of the worl
29、ds environments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through natural selection. Species become extinct or endangered for number of reasons, but the primary cause is the destruction of natural habitats. Drainage of wetlands, cutting and clearing of forests, gr
30、owth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats. As the various surroundings become fragments, the remaining animal population crowd into smaller areas, causing further destruction of natural surroundings. Species in these small “islands” lose conta
31、ct with other populations of their extinction. Some private and government efforts have been organized to save declining species. Laws were made in some countries in the early 1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing. International endeavors are shown in the convention on Inte
32、rnational Trade in Endangered Species, approved by 51 nations. Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulating and restricting trade in certain species. How effective such laws will be in various countries, however, depends on enforcement and support by the people an
33、d the courts. Because of lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of society to trade in endangered species, the activities of people who catch and kill animals illegally and dealers who supply the trade, the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection. According
34、 to the passage, which of the following is the most important factor causing the rapid extinction of many species since the 17th century? （分数：3.00）A.Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species.B.Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span
35、 in evolution.C.The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems.D.The worlds climate has changed greatly that most species cannot survive.32.In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word “islands” refers to （分数：3.00）A.the lands that are completely surrounded by
36、 water.B.the wild animals breeding grounds protected by law.C.the pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roads.D.the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species.33.This passage mentions all of the following causes for the extinction of many species EXCEPT （分数：3.00）A.natural selec
37、tion of species.B.various natural disasters.C.commercial trade and killingD.destruction of natural surroundings.34.According to the passage, which of the following is most important in saving declining species? （分数：3.00）A.governments should make some laws to protect endangered species.B.People shoul
38、d pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings.C.Relevant law must be made and enforced with the support of the peopleD.Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals.35.How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being
39、extinct? （分数：3.00）A.WorriedB.OptimisticC.IndifferentD.Confident36. 第二篇 Americans Get Touchy The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see. Say goodbye to the greetings of the past, from the hands-off “Whats up!“ to the handshake or high-five2. For
40、 young people across the country, hugging is the new “Hello“. Girls are hugging girls. Boys are hugging boys. Girls and boys are hugging each other. And, like every major trend, there are lots of variations on the form. Theres the classic, full-body, arms-around-the-person bear hug, the casual one-a
41、rmed side hug, the group hug and the hug from behind. Theres the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back. As trends go, this one seems pretty innocent. But some parents, teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless. Will young people who arent as c
42、omfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging? Will kids who dont receive hugs feel left Out3? Could an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment? In response to some of these concerns, some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate huggi
43、ng. One school head has created a three-second limitation4 for hugs at her school. A few schools have taken even more drastic measures, placing a ban on all forms of touching between students. A few important points are being left out of the discussion. While the US has traditionally been reserved a
44、bout touching - saving hugs and kisses for relatives, romantic partners and very close friends - people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages. In Latin America or Western Europe, in countries like Spain, France, and Italy, a kiss on the cheek is common amon
45、g women, as well as among women and men who are not romantically involved. The cheek-kiss varies by region. Sometimes it is just an air kiss blown past the face. In other places, the proper way of greeting is to deliver a kiss upon both cheeks, or sometimes even a triplet of kisses performed by kiss
46、ing one cheek, then the other, then back to the first. Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men, but in some countries like Turkey, its not unusual for men who know each other well to exchange kisses on the cheek. Meanwhile, for the Maori people of New Zealand, a tra
47、ditional greeting called the “hongi“ involves pressing noses together. So, from a global perspective, the new trend of teen hugging in America is not so “new“ after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello, and Americans are just now joining in. The word “practically“ in the first
48、 paragraph could be best replaced by （分数：3.00）A.certainlyB.nearlyC.activelyD.voluntarily37.Which of the following is NOT among the typical ways of greetings in the past? （分数：3.00）A.hands off “Whats up“B.handshakeC.high-fiveD.embrace38.Some parents, teachers and school administrators concern the new
49、trend of hugging for the following reasons EXCEPT: （分数：3.00）A.Some young people get involved into the trend due to peer pressure.B.Those who dont receive hugs feel left out.C.Theres the danger that hugging slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment.D.Diseases could be transmitted more easily through the extra-long body contact.39.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? （分数：3.00）A.Teenagers across the US hug everyone they see in nearly the same way.B.Although s
