1、BFT 阅读（综合）-试卷 4 及答案解析(总分：48.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：3，分数：48.00)Facial expressions carry meaning, determined by contexts and relationships. 1A womans smile at a policeman who is about to give her a ticket does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show aff
2、ection, convey politeness, or disguise true feelings. Pain is conveyed by a grimace, which also signifies disgust or disapproval. Surprise, shock, or disbelief can be shown by raising the eyebrows. A wink given to a friend may mean “you and I have a secret“ or “I am just kidding“. 2Our faces easily
3、reveal emotions and attitudes. 3The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as members of another does not mean they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural restraints on the amount of nonverbal expressiveness permitted. Given individual differences, i
4、t is difficult to make generalizations about a cultural style of communication. 4People from certain ethnic backgrounds in the United States may use their hands, bodies, and faces more than other Americans. There are no fixed rules, although it is considered negative or suspicious to have a “deadpan
5、“ expression or a “Poker face“. 5 Eye contact is important because insufficient or excessive eye contact may create communication barriers. It is important in relationships because it serves to show intimacy, attention, and influence. 6It is, however, common for two strangers to walk toward each oth
6、er, make eye contact, smile and perhaps even say “Hi“. 7This type of glance does not mean much; it is simply a way of acknowledging another persons presence. In a conversation too little eye contact may be seen negatively because it conveys lack of interest, inattention, or even mistrust. 8 A. Ameri
7、cans express themselves facially in varying degrees. B. Between a man and a woman, a wink can be flirtatious. C. The degree of facial expressiveness also varies among individuals and cultures. D. Some people can be “read like a book“; others are difficult to read. E. For instance, the smile, which i
8、s typically an expression of pleasure, has many functions. F. As with facial expressions, there are no specific rules governing eye behavior except that it is considered rude to stare, especially at strangers. G. The relationship between mistrust and lack of eye contact is stated directly in the exp
9、ression, “Never trust a person who cant look you in the eye.“ H. The strangers may immediately look away and forget that they even had any contact.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_The influence of climate on behavior appears all-pervasive. Indeed, who can claim that
10、weather factors have no influence on their decision-making? 1Peoples moods also change with the weather: bright sunny days seem to lift spirits, while dark rainy periods bring on depression. Law enforcement agencies are beginning to show interest in the effect of atmospheric conditions on behavior.
11、2Both monthly and seasonal variations are considered to reflect the varying influence of temperature, precipitation, humidity, length of daylight, and a number of other climatological factors. Various studies find relationships between specific climatological conditions and crime. Rising temperature
12、 is generally accompanied by increases in aggression and violent crime. 3 Rain, cloud cover, and other forms of inclement weather are associated with lower levels of property crimes and increased depression. 4The analysis also shows that as humidity increases the level of crime decreases. Temperatur
13、e also has a great effect. Increasing temperature fails to influence the number of nighttime burglaries / larcenies, but it does increase the other crime categories. Burglaries / larcenies(day and night)and daytime assaults also tend to increase along with cloud cover. 5 Individuals who respond with
14、 criminal behavior to weather changes or weather extremes may be controllable by administering drugs that offset these influences. 6Changing or manipulating the weather is one possible means of attacking a weather crime interaction. 7 Minor changes may be possible such as regulation of rainfall of s
15、ky cover. On the other hand, temperature control may be possible. 8Once this is accomplished, it will be necessary to devise more accurate means of forecasting the weather, counteracting the effects of weather on human behavior, and controlling the environment, or identifying other approaches to the
16、 problem. A. Every year, the FBIs Uniform Crime Reports provide breakdowns of the crime rates by month and season of the year. B. Everyone can point to instances where plans and activities have been changed because of weather conditions. C. On the other hand, high humidity appears to reduce the inci
17、dence of physical activity and aggression. D This approach may not be feasible due to many relationships between weather / climate and rotation of the earth. E. More research is needed to assess and clarify the relationship between crime and the various climatological factors. F. Our study showed th
18、at low humidity has the most widespread influence on all types of crime studied. G Electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain may someday be a feasible counter-measure to aggressive stimuli due to increased temperature or other weather variables. H. Except for wind speed and barometric
19、pressure with regard to daytime assaults, the remaining weather factors have virtually no influence on the levels of crime.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_It is common for Americans to have different “circles of friends“ such as church friends, work friends, or spor
20、ts friends. 1Ones friends from the office may never meet ones friends from the sports club. Terms such as “office mate“ and “tennis partner“ indicate the segregation of friends. 2People have different types of friends: one may have many good friends and one best friend. “Best friends“ are usually tw
21、o people of the same sex who have known each other for a long period of time. 3 It is easy to be misled by instant friendships which may appear to be deep and personal but are really superficial. 4Friendliness characterizes much of American daily interaction but is not always an indication of pursui
22、ng a relationship. Characterizing instant friendships is the appearance of two people becoming close but, in reality, there is no strong bond between them. 5Many people frequently smile or say, “have a nice day“ or “see you later“, or even extend an invitation as part of a cultural patterns of polit
23、eness. Such expressions do not always suggest an offer of continued friendship. 6It is possible that some Americans, because of their linguistic and geographic isolation, are hesitant about interaction with foreigners. However, it is important to know that Americans are receptive to developing frien
24、dships with international visitors. 7One foreign student, after having lived in the United States for several years, said that the most important advice he could give to newcomers would be, “Dont be passive when it comes to making friends with Americans. Begin conversations, extend invitations and m
25、ake the first move.“ A characteristic of American personal relations is the absence of fixed rules governing them. 8Even within a persons own culture, recognizing when a relationship has the potential to develop into a friendship is not always easy. When one is living in a foreign country, one is fa
26、ced with unfamiliar friendship patterns which add to the challenge of initiating and maintaining meaningful relationships. A. Friendship and friendliness are not synonymous. B. Brief encounters do not always imply desire for further contact. C. Therefore, a variety of friendships are possible in the
27、 United States. D. People usually have more casual friends than close or best friends. E. A person may choose not to involve members of different circles in the same activity. F. The office mate is a friend in the office and the tennis partner is a friend on the courts. G With foreign visitors, Amer
28、icans may not always be the first ones to begin friendships. H. In general, it is advisable to approach Americans first in order to initiate friendships.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_BFT 阅读（综合）-试卷 4 答案解析(总分：48.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part 1(总题数：3，分数：48.00)Facial expressio
29、ns carry meaning, determined by contexts and relationships. 1A womans smile at a policeman who is about to give her a ticket does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show affection, convey politeness, or disguise true feelings. Pain is conveyed by a grimac
30、e, which also signifies disgust or disapproval. Surprise, shock, or disbelief can be shown by raising the eyebrows. A wink given to a friend may mean “you and I have a secret“ or “I am just kidding“. 2Our faces easily reveal emotions and attitudes. 3The fact that members of one culture do not expres
31、s their emotions as openly as members of another does not mean they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural restraints on the amount of nonverbal expressiveness permitted. Given individual differences, it is difficult to make generalizations about a cultural style of communication. 4P
32、eople from certain ethnic backgrounds in the United States may use their hands, bodies, and faces more than other Americans. There are no fixed rules, although it is considered negative or suspicious to have a “deadpan“ expression or a “Poker face“. 5 Eye contact is important because insufficient or
33、 excessive eye contact may create communication barriers. It is important in relationships because it serves to show intimacy, attention, and influence. 6It is, however, common for two strangers to walk toward each other, make eye contact, smile and perhaps even say “Hi“. 7This type of glance does n
34、ot mean much; it is simply a way of acknowledging another persons presence. In a conversation too little eye contact may be seen negatively because it conveys lack of interest, inattention, or even mistrust. 8 A. Americans express themselves facially in varying degrees. B. Between a man and a woman,
35、 a wink can be flirtatious. C. The degree of facial expressiveness also varies among individuals and cultures. D. Some people can be “read like a book“; others are difficult to read. E. For instance, the smile, which is typically an expression of pleasure, has many functions. F. As with facial expre
36、ssions, there are no specific rules governing eye behavior except that it is considered rude to stare, especially at strangers. G. The relationship between mistrust and lack of eye contact is stated directly in the expression, “Never trust a person who cant look you in the eye.“ H. The strangers may
37、 immediately look away and forget that they even had any contact.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：A）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：D）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：H）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：G）解析：解析：空格的上句提及过短的眼神交流对交谈的负面影响：会表示对谈话缺乏兴趣、猜疑等。那么选项 G 用一个俗语很形象地论证了这个观点：“永远也不要相信不敢看着你的眼睛的人。“The influ
38、ence of climate on behavior appears all-pervasive. Indeed, who can claim that weather factors have no influence on their decision-making? 1Peoples moods also change with the weather: bright sunny days seem to lift spirits, while dark rainy periods bring on depression. Law enforcement agencies are be
39、ginning to show interest in the effect of atmospheric conditions on behavior. 2Both monthly and seasonal variations are considered to reflect the varying influence of temperature, precipitation, humidity, length of daylight, and a number of other climatological factors. Various studies find relation
40、ships between specific climatological conditions and crime. Rising temperature is generally accompanied by increases in aggression and violent crime. 3 Rain, cloud cover, and other forms of inclement weather are associated with lower levels of property crimes and increased depression. 4The analysis
41、also shows that as humidity increases the level of crime decreases. Temperature also has a great effect. Increasing temperature fails to influence the number of nighttime burglaries / larcenies, but it does increase the other crime categories. Burglaries / larcenies(day and night)and daytime assault
42、s also tend to increase along with cloud cover. 5 Individuals who respond with criminal behavior to weather changes or weather extremes may be controllable by administering drugs that offset these influences. 6Changing or manipulating the weather is one possible means of attacking a weather crime in
43、teraction. 7 Minor changes may be possible such as regulation of rainfall of sky cover. On the other hand, temperature control may be possible. 8Once this is accomplished, it will be necessary to devise more accurate means of forecasting the weather, counteracting the effects of weather on human beh
44、avior, and controlling the environment, or identifying other approaches to the problem. A. Every year, the FBIs Uniform Crime Reports provide breakdowns of the crime rates by month and season of the year. B. Everyone can point to instances where plans and activities have been changed because of weat
45、her conditions. C. On the other hand, high humidity appears to reduce the incidence of physical activity and aggression. D This approach may not be feasible due to many relationships between weather / climate and rotation of the earth. E. More research is needed to assess and clarify the relationshi
46、p between crime and the various climatological factors. F. Our study showed that low humidity has the most widespread influence on all types of crime studied. G Electrical stimulation of pleasure centers in the brain may someday be a feasible counter-measure to aggressive stimuli due to increased te
47、mperature or other weather variables. H. Except for wind speed and barometric pressure with regard to daytime assaults, the remaining weather factors have virtually no influence on the levels of crime.（分数：16.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：B）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：A）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：C）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：F）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：H）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：G）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：D）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：E）解析：解析：选出此选项的关键是找出空格的下旬“this”的指代对象。经过大意分析，E 是“this”合适的指代对象：还有待于对犯罪和气候学等因素作进一步的研究。It is common for Americans to have different “circles of friends“ such as church friend
