1、大学六级-1448 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.目前很多父母在子女高中毕业前就送他们出国学习2形成这种趋势的原因3我对此的看法Overseas Study at an Early Age（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)The Next Disaster: Are We Ready?Are We Really Prepared?After the attacks on September 11 and the hurricanes that
2、slammed the Gulf Coast last year, youd expect our major cities to be ready with disaster plans that will save lives and property. Theres no doubt well be hit againmaybe even harderbecause the list of possible calamities (灾难) is long: from a bird flu pandemic to a massive California earthquake, to mo
3、re monster storms, to another terrorist attack.But are we really prepared to protect people, as well as their homes and businesses? Every major urban area has received federal funding, much of it from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), in order to make their cities more secure. But there are
4、 no set criteria for measuring preparedness (the feds are working on that), and the quality of disaster plans varies widely throughout the country.So we decided to do an independent assessment of 10 high-risk urban areas, focusing on key security indicators. We analyzed public data, consulted with f
5、ederal and local emergency workers, and contacted the mayors offices to gauge (测量) the readiness of these cities to meet both natural and man-made disasters.Our criteria fell under three main categories: Emergency Readiness, Crisis Communications, and Medical Response.Emergency ReadinessAre there at
6、 least 1,000 first responders (such as police, fire and EMTs) per 100,000 residents? Theyre our first line of protection in almost any disaster situationprofessionals who are trained to handle everything from rescuing victims to providing first aid, to enforcing quarantines (封锁), to directing traffi
7、c for evacuations (疏散).Are there federal search-and-rescue teams based within 50 miles? Large cities often have specialized teams to deal with such things as high-rise-building rescues or hazardous chemical spills. But these squads are sometimes small, ill-equipped, or run on a shoestring. This is n
8、ot true of federal urban search-and-rescue task forces that the DHS supports across the country. Each task force is made of 62 members and 4 canines, as well as a “comprehensive cache“ of equipment. DHS task forces are not automatically assigned; a city needs to apply and present its case.Has the ci
9、ty or state earned “green status“ from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention? Suppose that in the midst of a flu pandemic or bio terror attack, your city ran low on critical medicines. The CDC stands ready to help by distributing drugs and medical equipment from its Strategic National Stock
10、pile. But the agency wants to know that a city or state is able to quickly mobilize hundreds of health workers and volunteers trained to handle the logistics, and has space set aside for storage and refrigeration. Youre best off if your city has earned the CDCs “green status“even if the state itself
11、 has notbecause it means local health teams can handle the supplies on their own.Does the city website explain clearly what to do in case of evacuation? Who can forget the images of stranded New Orleans residents, or the 5-mph crawl out of Houston? It turned out that New Orleanss evacuation plans we
12、re both inadequate and poorly communicated. One way cities can avoid a similar nightmare is to put clear and easy-to-find evacuation information on their websites. Some cities, such as Boston and Washington, post the preferred street routes. Others, like Las Vegas, wont disclose details due to secur
13、ity fears, but their websites may provide ways to quickly get evacuation details when you need them (such as numbers to call or alert services you can sign up for). Among the more important things to address are people without vehicles of their own (a huge failing in New Orleans) and instructions fo
14、r pet owners.Does the website include details for residents with special needs? In July 1995, a vicious heat wave killed nearly 500 people in Chicago; a disproportionate number of them were older residents who lived alone. In any crisis, the elderly and disabled can be uniquely vulnerable. Thats why
15、 cities such as Houston are creating registries of residents who would need special help. Such lists would indicate, for instance, that a certain person in a certain apartment building is wheel-chair-bound. Other cities are instructing people with disabilities to call 911 for assistancethough this r
16、elies on phone systems that could be overloaded or go dead. If a citys disaster planning shows no awareness of special-needs people, it isnt complete.Crisis CommunicationsCan first responderspolice, fire and medicaltalk to one another? On September 11, firefighters died inside the World Trade Center
17、 because they could not make contact with police helicopters trying to radio warnings. Incompatible communications is a country-wide problem, and converting or replacing decades-old radio systems can be a long, expensive process. Cities have gotten a big boost if theyve taken part in RapidCom, a DHS
18、 program providing technical assistance and training that speeds up the transition.Has the city adopted E911? Many cities have upgraded their 911 call centers in recent years, but theyre even better prepared if theyve incorporated “E911“ (or “enhanced 911“). This technology enables emergency operato
19、rs to identify the precise location of cell-phone callers through GPS systems. If you wind up stranded in floodwaters, E911 could save your life.Does the city provide 24-bout emergency alerts? What if an evacuation order goes out, but its 3 a.m. and youre sound asleep? Not a problem if your city has
20、 a way of alerting you at any time of day. Some rely on street sirens (警报器) to do the trick. Others have used their websites to invite residents to sign up for e-mail notifications or automated phone calls in an emergency.Medical ResponseAre there at least 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 residen
21、ts? Getting to victims quickly is a critical first step. But youd better have a place to take them for treatment. A reasonable standard, according to preparedness experts, is 500 hospital beds for every 100,000 peoplea ratio that would likely mean a city could find enough spare beds in an emergency.
22、 Of course, beds alone wont help a massive number of burn victims or people suffering from chemical exposure unless the hospital is prepared to treat them. But all the cities in our survey have specialty units in their hospitals that can handle such cases.Are local teams trained to respond quickly a
23、nd work together? If an urban area was targeted by weapons of mass destruction, city health officials couldnt just wait for federal help to arrive. First responders and hospitals would need to react fight away. They could also need medical volunteerssay, to help vaccinate people or distribute medici
24、nes and supplies. How to ensure that all these professionals and volunteers work together as seamlessly as possible? If a city is part of DHSs Metropolitan Medical Response System, it has obtained federal assistance in developing plans, and has received critical training and equipment.Are there labs
25、 nearby that specialize in biological and chemical threats? The CDC is on the cutting edge with its Laboratory Response Networkintegrated labs nationwide that have the equipment and expertise to quickly identify pathogens and toxic chemicals. An LRN lab in Florida was the first to detect anthrax (炭疽
26、热) in terrorist mailings in 2001. Laboratories can be members only if they have highly trained staff and exceptional facilities, as well as a track record of testing accuracy. A handful of LRN labs qualify as “Level 1“, meaning they can test for chemical poisons such as mustard and nerve agents.（分数：
27、70.00）(1).A bird flu, a massive earthquake, a monster storm and a terrorist attack are all threats to major cities in the U.S.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).The author does an assessment of all high-risk urban areas in the U.S.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Policeman, fireman and emergency doctors all can be called first
28、 responders.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Each federal urban search-and-rescue task force is made up of at least 60 members.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).If a city has earned the CDCs “green status“, it means that its local health teams can _ on their own.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).You can get evacuation details through the w
29、ays provided by the website of Las Vegas though it doesnt disclose the details due to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Incompatible communications is a country-wide problem in the U.S. because of the _ which should be converted or replaced.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Emergency operators can identify the precise locati
30、on of cell-phone callers through GPS systems with the use of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to preparedness experts, if a city has at least 500 hospital beds for every 100.000 residents, it could find _ in an emergency.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).As a part of DHSs Metropolitan Medical Response System, a c
31、ity can obtain _ in developing plans.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.$80.B.$60.C.$90.D.$15.A.He loves his present Work.B.He is going to open a store.C.He is about to retire
32、.D.He works in a repair shop.A.Mary is going to Hawaii.B.Mary has bean to many countries.C.Mary likes postcards.D.Mary is traveling on business.A.To save the money for a long time.B.To buy a new car.C.To purchase a used car.D.To get a second car.A.Delivery service manager and driver.B.Teacher and st
33、udent.C.Lawyer and client.D.Doctor and patient.A.New shopping canters are very common.B.The shopping center is very old.C.The city needs more shopping canters.D.The old house should be turned into stores.A.They are having a party.B.They are playing the piano.C.Someone else is having a party.D.Someon
34、e else is funny.A.She was hurt by the man.B.She lost her temper.C.She didnt speak to her husband.D.She missed the dinner party.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Computer sales negotiations.B.A preliminary interview.C.An Internet seminar meeting.D.Comput
35、er games.A.He managed the sales department.B.He gave seminars on the Internet.C.He worked as a custodian.D.He designed software.A.A web page authoring program.B.A kind of beverage.C.A computer game.D.A kind of software.A.She will call Mr. Taylor jn the next few days.B.She will talk over their discus
36、sion with others.C.She will ask her colleagues to call Mr. Taylor.D.She will not contact him for further consideration.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Raising money.B.Gathering support from others.C.Giving speeches.D.Choosing the official candidate fo
37、r each political party.A.Interviews.B.Television ads.C.Playing with children.D.Speeches.A.There are several small parties in the U.S,B.There are only two parties in the U.SC.The most powerful party in the U.S. is the Democrats.D.The most powerful party in the U.S. is the Republicans.五、Section B(总题数：
38、3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.British,B.Americans.C.Germans.D.Japanese.A.Entirely effective.B.Totally incorrect.C.A complete failure.D.Quite difficultA.Have a greater sense of duty.B.Can get higher pay.C.Can avoid working hard.D.Can
39、 avoid busy traffic.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.A housewife.B.A singer.C.A teacher.D.A musician.A.The violin was too heavy for her.B.She was too young to play the violin.C.The violin was too expensive.D.Her mother wanted her to play the pian
40、oA.To play the violin on a concert.B.To go to New York City.C.To apply for a scholarship.D.To have her performance taped.A.In 1928.B.In 1982.C.In 1980.D.In 1920.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Winter in Alaska.B.The brave Alaskan people.C.Alas
41、kan transportation today.D.A dog sled race.A.Every year in March.B.Every other year,C.From two to three weeks.D.The winter of 1925.A.Winning.B.Finding gold.C.Just to finish.D.Being able to participate.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Many workers depend on plans (36) by their employers to help pay for the
42、ir retirement. There are two major kinds of retirement plans. One is defined by what is paid out, the other by what is paid in.The frost is called a defined (37) plan, or pension. It provides set (38) based on the number of years an (39) has worked. These plans often pay for health care and other co
43、sts. They might also provide money to family members when the (40) dies.Pensions, however, can be a big cost to employers. In the United States, the change from a (41) economy to a service economy has resulted in fewer and fewer (42) plans.The other major kind of retirement plan is called a defined
44、(43) plan. Two things define how much a worker will get at retirement. (44) .One popular version is a four-oh-one-k plan, named after a part of the tax law. (45) .But some plans are very complex. An easier way for small employers to offer retirement savings is through a Savings Incentive Match Plan.
45、 (46) .（分数：77.00）(1).Many workers depend on plans (36) by their employers to help pay for their retirement. There are two major kinds of retirement plans. One is defined by what is paid out, the other by what is paid in.The frost is called a defined (37) plan, or pension. It provides set (38) based
46、on the number of years an (39) has worked. These plans often pay for health care and other costs. They might also provide money to family members when the (40) dies.Pensions, however, can be a big cost to employers. In the United States, the change from a (41) economy to a service economy has result
47、ed in fewer and fewer (42) plans.The other major kind of retirement plan is called a defined (43) plan. Two things define how much a worker will get at retirement. (44) .One popular version is a four-oh-one-k plan, named after a part of the tax law. (45) .But some plans are very complex. An easier w
48、ay for small employers to offer retirement savings is through a Savings Incentive Match Plan. (46) .（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Many workers depend on plans (36) by their employers to help pay for their retirement. There are two major kinds of retirement plans. One is defined by what is paid out, the other by what is paid in.The frost is called a defined (37) plan, or pension. It provides set (38) based on the number of years an (39) has worked. These plans often pay for health care and other costs. They might also provide money to family members when
