1、大学六级-141 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss the importance and benefits of doing exercise.
2、 You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. （分数：106.00）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：4，分数：49.00)（分数：15.00）A.Ordinary and poor guys.B.Rich and special guys.C.Thin and tall guys.D.Rich and old guys.A.He can do ev
3、erything well.B.He only knows something without mastering.C.He likes doing housework.D.He is popular in the neighborhood.A.Continue working.B.Go back home.C.Meet his boss.D.Stay up late for exams.A.Improve his ability of endurance.B.Enhance his interest in math.C.Do it by himself.D.Remember it forev
4、er.A.She is a beautiful girl.B.She likes miniskirts.C.She has no idea of her own.D.She has a special taste for fashion.（分数：9.00）A.They can arouse public passion.B.They can not educate the public.C.They can shine as the flash.D.They can not last for a long time.A.Humorous.B.Boring.C.Knowledgeable.D.S
5、trict.A.At a food fair.B.In a hospital.C.In a studio.D.In a kitchen.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：16.00）A.About one summer.B.About one week.C.About one month.D.About one day.A.Canoeing.B.Swimming.C.Hiking.D.Cooking.A.He lost interest in camping.B.He was dro
6、wned.C.He was poisoned by food.D.He was injured when running.A.It is boring.B.It is just passable.C.It is too dangerous.D.It helps him to be mature.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：9.00）A.The dog went to find the man.B.The man stole the dog.C.The man fed the
7、dog.D.A friend gave it to him.A.It learns quickly.B.It comforts its owner.C.It barks loudly.D.It knows many languages.A.He would get another one.B.He would be heart-broken.C.He would go with the dog.D.He would be unconcerned.四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：18.00)Questions 16 to 18 a
8、re based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：18.00）A.An unexpected event that happens.B.Our understanding of an event.C.The things that happen in our lives.D.The mentioning of the word itself.A.Going to bed earlier.B.Working much harder.C.Reading more books.D.Knowing how to relax.A.By controllin
9、g the stress.B.By starting a good career.C.By finding the cause of stress.D.By taking care of ourselves.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：18.00)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：18.00）A.Single-sex stores appeal to customers better.B.Single-sex stores can“t perform well.C.It i
10、s hard to arrange a single-sex store.D.Women prefer single-sex stores better.A.Provide more outdoor clothing and equipments.B.Turn their attention to female customers.C.Make the shopping area as comfortable as home.D.Make the shopping environment more exciting.A.Asian men“s potential for purchase ha
11、sn“t been developed.B.The rich Asian men don“t have to hide their wealth.C.There are more and more wealthy men in Asia.D.The population of males is larger than that of females.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：20.00）A.People regard nu
12、trition as a priority.B.People take more and more fresh foods nowadays.C.People have realized the harm of convenience foods.D.People cannot take fresh foods totally.A.About 2010.B.About 2100.C.About 2400.D.About 3600.A.Fatness.B.Laziness.C.Malnutrition.D.Skinniness.A.By reading nutrition facts instr
13、uction.B.By tasting the food himself.C.By consulting the authority.D.By making scientific research.八、Section C(总题数：1，分数：144.00)Small dogs generally live longer than big dogs so that a small Yorkshire terrier (猎狐狗) next door could be around for a long time. But body size isn“t the only factor that 1
14、how long dogs survive. Personality influences life span, too, according to a new study that might help explain how animal 2 evolve. Study on animals from ants to apes has found that different 3 have different personalities. Some are timid, others 4 . Biologists have proposed that temperaments (性情) e
15、volved along with life history. Bold, violent animals use a lot of energy fast in 5 short lives, the thinking goes, whereas calmer animals last longer, saving themselves to 6 later in life. But it“s hard to run evolutionary researches on these personalities in anything longer lived than a fruit fly.
16、 So evolutionary biologist Vincent from Canada 7 an idea about dogs. “All these breed differences reflect an experiment on artificial selection,“ says Vincent. The huge diversity of dogs resulted not from natural selection, but from generations of humans selecting animals with traits they wantedthe
17、ability to chase foxes into holes, or herd sheep, or sit 8 on a sofa. But evolutionary physiologist Joseph Williams of Ohio State University in Columbus isn“t 9 that what happened in dogs has anything to do with evolution in nature. “For me, it still remains to be seen. Dogs are contrary to what you
18、 would expect in nature 10 longevity,“ he says. Elephants can live for decades, whereas a mouse might make it through only for several seasons. On the other hand, a Chihuahua will generally outlast a Saint Bernard. （分数：144.00）填空项 1:_九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.00)Bridg
19、ing a gap in the market between fast-food joints and full-service restaurants, fast-casual chains are enjoying success across the world. The 1 sales of American fast-casual outlets rose by 10.5% last year, 2 with 6.1% for fast-food chains, according to Mintel, a market-research firm. There are three
20、 main reasons why these outlets have been winning customers. First, they promise “fresh“ food, meaning at the very least not 3 . Chipotle also says it uses, where possible, meat from animals raised without hormones or antibiotics (抗生素). Having once been controlled by McDonald“s, Chipotle is now a th
21、reat to its 4 parent. Although still relatively small, it is enjoying 20% annual growth, quite a feat in the 5 restaurant market. Second, they offer diners a high level of customisation, such as choosing each 6 in a sandwich, or burger. This 7 to fussy eaters and those with allergies. Third, clever
22、pricing helps these chains 8 their profits. They offer some dishes at around the same price as those at burger joints, but they seem to be better than McDonald“s at persuading diners to buy pricier dishes and extras. Fast-casual chains 9 manage to squeeze 40% more out of each diner“s wallet than fas
23、t-food joints do. For all their success so far, some of the fast-casual chains are finding that as they get bigger, they come under more scrutiny. Campaigners have recently criticised Chipotle and Panera Bread for using ingredients from genetically-modified crops and artificial additives (添加剂). Fast
24、-casual restaurants are joining the 10 of big business and having to endure the attention that comes with it. A. appeals F. current K. optimize B. combined G. especially L. ranks C. compared H. former M. raw D. conforms I. frozen N. removes E. crowded J. ingredient O. typically（分数：35.00）十一、Section B
25、(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Advertisers“ Ageing DilemmaA. There is a conundrum (难题) for advertising and marketing agencies. How can the young understand an older demographic? B. Advertisers often fail when it comes to ageing consumers, and the seed of the failure lies in the advertising agency culture, says Mar
26、k Borkowski, a public relations expert. “Bearded Shoreditch creatives blow a fuse when asked to address this sector.“ Critics such as Mr. Borkowski say advertising and marketing agencies have become obsessed with youth. And those that have taken on the challenge of addressing older consumers have fa
27、iled to understand the complexities of the demographic. C. Dick Stroud, the founder of 20plus30, a consultancy specializing in marketing to older consumers, says the advertising sector has become increasingly ageist. According to a report by the UK“s Institute of Practitioners in Advertising in 2013
28、, the average age of an employee in the industry was just under 34. Mr. Stroud points out: “David Ogilvy was 39 when he wrote his first ad and spent the next 25 years actively involved in creating advertising.“ Now, however, as the general population has become older, the age of the people pitching
29、products to them has declined. D. Good creatives should be able to put themselves into the mindset of anyone. No one assumes, for example, that eight-year-old girls arc devising campaigns for Lego Friends. However, Mr. Stroud believes that the difference between creating ads for young people and old
30、er consumers is “projectable experience“. He notes that while we have all been teenagers, it is hard to imagine what it is like to be older. “At least an older person will know that their experience of youth is dated and will take advice to achieve a current view,“ he says. The default option for mo
31、st young marketers, he adds, is to extrapolate (推断) from their parents“ or grandparents“ behavior. E. A number of niche (针对特定小群体的) agencies have sprung up to cater to the older demographic over the past decade. To compete with them, suggests Marie Stafford, planning foresight director at advertising
32、 agency JWT, the larger agencies should retain older employees or keep them on as consultants. However, she believes some of the fault lies with clients that assume older people are set in their ways. They are “willingly kissing goodbye to 30 years of custom based on the notion that mature consumers
33、 won“t switch brands“, she says. There is much at stake: The global spending power of the baby boomer generation is expected to reach $15 trillion by 2020, according to Euromonitor. F. Janet Kiddle, founder of Steel Magnolia, a strategic market research consultancy specializing in the over-50s marke
34、t, believes advertisers and marketers are “scared about being old“. Familiar with the tribes of youth, advertisers too often fail to distinguish between different groups of older consumers: “The over-55s is a hugely complicated category.“ She points out that they are not necessarily empty-nesters. T
35、hey could be divorced, have young children and be expecting to work for decades to come, instead of spending their retirement on cruises and golf courses. Jez Groom, group chief strategy officer at Ogilvy&Mather Group UK, agrees. “People aren“t retiring in the way they used to.“ The financial crunch
36、 (困境), which hit pensions, woke advertisers to the new working lives and lifestyles of the mature market, he says. But there is still a tendency to oversimplify and generalize. “You need to look at attitudes rather than merely the age,“ he advises. Also, when it comes to global products and services
37、, western baby boomers will have different cultural references from their Chinese peers. G. Patronized (屈尊俯就地对待) and pigeonholed (将某人轻率分类): That is how many over-55-year-olds think advertising treats them, says Gillian Waddell, managing director of Fuel, a public relations firm. It is a complex demo
38、graphic, she says. “There are many ages between 55 and 100.“ Moreover, people are healthier and live longer. “Biking is the new golf,“ as she puts it. Mr. Stroud says the problem goes further. “I don“t think advertisers get it wrong, although they do, but that they don“t bother to consider the older
39、 group in their creative or media plans.“ H. It is important to distinguish the age-specific advertising around products such as stair lifts, retirement planning or denture (假牙) creams from products that are purchased by all age groups, such as computers, fridges and cars. “These are age-neutral pro
40、ducts,“ explains Mr. Stroud. “Even though the primary customers might well be 50-plus, the essence of the creative is focused on the younger person. So the biggest problem is neglect.“ I. Nor need advertising campaigns be conducted only in print. Older people are increasingly important digital consu
41、mers. Earlier this year, Bob Shennan, director of music at the BBC, shared market research on Radio 2. The radio station identified a “young older“ generation that are more adventurous than their predecessors, enjoying the idea of travel and foreign food. This cohort (一批人) perceive themselves to be
42、younger than their age. There was a blurring of musical boundaries, with tastes becoming more fluid across the generations, so many artists such as Adele, Amy Winehouse and Elbow had appeal across the generations. Mr. Shennan brought in presenters such as Chris Evansonly 48 himselfthat made listener
43、s feel young. J. This resonates (引起共鸣) with advertisers. Dick Lumsden, managing director of Owl Marketing Solutions, says people like to think of themselves as 10 years younger. If you are marketing to a 60 year old, use a 50-year-old model. Or do not put one in at all. “Older consumers have seen lo
44、ts of advertising. They are savvy (聪明有见识的). They want information about the product. They don“t want to be patronized or shown abstract images.“ However, he adds the print size must not be too small. K. Inclusivity is important, says Rita Clifton, a branding expert. She points to the print and onlin
45、e advertisements for clothing retailer Jaeger“s autumn/winter collection, which featured three British models and their mothers. “People don“t want neon signs saying this is for older people. They want it to be inclusive.“ L. There are some pitfalls to avoid. Melanie Haslam, founder of Wise Branding
46、, a consultancy, believes nothing annoys single older womenand there are a lot of themmore than using pictures of happy older couples. The silver-haired couple walking down the beach holding hands is a clich to be avoidedalthough far worse, says Ms Kiddie, is putting a single woman on her own. “She
47、just looks lonely.“ Put her in a group, she advises. “All advertising is aspirational, after all.“（分数：70.00）(1).If you want to sell a product targeted on people above 60, it is necessary to have a careful design with the information presented in a big print size.（分数：7.00）(2).Advertisers often neglec
48、t to maintain their potential older customers and they are reluctant to focus their marketing on products targeted on older groups.（分数：7.00）(3).Advertisers pay too much attention on young consumers and they fail to understand the complexities of old people.（分数：7.00）(4).Although the economic crisis c
49、auses advertisers to pay attention to older consumers, some advertisers tend to overgeneralize senior citizens“ needs.（分数：7.00）(5).It is advisable to avoid clichs in advertisements targeted at the old, such as using pictures of happy older couples walking hand-in-hand.（分数：7.00）(6).In fact, nowadays, older consumers are apt to abandon their familiar brands, with an attempt to buy some new products.（分数：7.00）(7).Even though the number of older people is growing, advertisers spec
