1、大学六级-1558 及答案解析(总分：667.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.人的一生中难免犯错2. 有的人能在错误中学习，不断进步；有的人却不以为然，重蹈覆辙3. 对此，我认为Learning from Mistakes（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)How to Keep Your New Years ResolutionsAbout half of all American adults say they are at least somewhat likely
2、to make a New Years resolution this year. Their top vows: to lose weight, quit smoking and exercise more. But consider this: if hard-core addicts can break bad habits-some by moderating, not just quitting-theres still hope for you. Whether your goal for this year is to get fit or tame your drinking,
3、 experts say theres a lot you can learn from people who have successfully moderated their habits to help keep you off the resolution merry-go-round.1. Dont Kid Yourself“The most important thing is to be honest with yourself,“ says Howard Josepher, the president of Ex- ponents Inc., an organization t
4、hat provides support and educational services to people with substance-mis-use issues. “You need to know the difference between enjoying yourself and self-medicating. Its not that self-medicating is necessarily bad-but you should give yourself parameters. If you are adhering to them, OK. If not, you
5、 need to check yourself.“Successful moderators decide in advance how much is too much-and stick to their limit, no matter what. Have a cookie a day if thats what youve deemed acceptable. But if you cheat by having “just one more,“ know that you are only cheating yourself and worsening the problem, e
6、xperts say. The point is to learn how to hold yourself accountable.For those who are concerned in particular about drinking a free, research-based online tool called Drinkers Checkup can help you determine whether you are drinking at unhealthy levels, and what to do if you are.2. Quit Cold Turkey-Te
7、mporarily“Theoretically, there are very good reasons to take a break from a behavior, totally,“ says Reid Hes- ter, director of research at Behavior Therapy Associates, explaining -that an initial period of complete ab- stinence (节制) can make it easier for people to moderate behavior by eliminating
8、the habitual, automatic aspect of the unwanted activity.Take a cue from the self-help group Moderation Management (MM), which advises problem drinkers to abstain completely for a month before attempting moderate drinking. If you cant achieve a month of ab- stinence, the thinking goes, successful mod
9、eration is unlikely.The best way to stay on course is frequent self-monitoring; use as many behavior-modification tools, support groups and programs as you can. In October, Hester and colleagues published a randomized con- trolled trial in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment comparing heavy dri
10、nkers who used MMs web- site to help them quit with those who used the MM site plus another online tool that teaches behavior- control tactics and helps chart drinking. While both groups significantly reduced their drinking and alcohol- related problems, the group that used the additional tool had m
11、ore days abstinent and drank less when they drank.3. Do What the Buddhist Would DoAlan Marlatt, director of the Addictive Behaviors Research Center at the University of Washington, studies “mindfulness-based relapse (重新染上) prevention,“ which uses meditation (冥想) and other ideas from Buddhist teachin
12、gs to help people break bad habits.“Between stimulus and response, theres a space, and in that space is our power to choose our re- sponse, and in our response lies our growth and freedom,“ says Marlatt, quoting author and Holocaust survivor Victor Frankl. Marlatt says, “Mindfulness gets you into th
13、at space.“Being mindful may involve traditional meditation, in which you sit quietly and observe your thoughts and breathing without judgment. But here, it is also used to focus awareness on thoughts and feelings that lead to unwanted behavior. Simply recognizing the triggers to relapse can help you
14、 choose not to give into them. “When theres a fork in the road, strong desire is pulling you one way. Well, whats the other way? You have to look down the other road and see where it takes you. Then you have a choice, instead of being on autopilot,“ says Marlatt.One tactic he recommends for resistin
15、g those desires is called “urge-surfing.“ It involves being mindful of the fact that desire is like a wave-it rises to a peak, then falls. This happens whether you yield to the urge or not, though most people mistakenly think their desire will escalate endlessly unless they give in. In. fact, yieldi
16、ng to desire only reinforces them-resisting, in contrast, reinforces resistance. Marlatt advises watching your urge, noting its peak and “surfing“ it, rather than allowing it to wipe you out.Another trick is to recognize that willpower is like a muscle-it gets stronger with appropriate use but ultim
17、ately weakens if overloaded. Thats why Hester recommends setting short-term goals that are “moder- ately difficult, realistic, concrete and measurable.“ As with weight-lifting, starting at a level that is chal- lenging but not overwhelming can provide a sense of achievement and success-which can giv
18、e you the drive to take on bigger challenges.4. Dont Try to Scare Yourself StraightResearch shows that in the long term, the pleasure of victory is a better incentive than the agony of defeat. “Punishment is a poor motivator,“ says Hester. “It sets people up for failure. If all you do is pun- ishing
19、 yourself for failure, you wont stay motivated to change for very long.“Instead, reward yourself for sticking to your limits and focus on the benefits of changing. For in- stance, if your goal is to drink less or lose weight, treat yourself to something you want-a new book or DVD, say-each time you
20、successfully resist a tempting dessert or achieve a goal, like a month of absti- nence. Success tends to give birth to greater success. If you do slip back into old patterns, avoid blame. “Dont say, I cant do it, “ says Marlatt. “People make mistakes. If you keep working at it, you will get better o
21、ver time. Thats what the research shows.“For some people, trying to moderate bad habits is not achievable or takes more effort than abstaining altogether-as the philosopher St. Augustine put it, “Complete abstinence is easier than perfect modera- tion.“ Recognizing this by trying and failing can als
22、o be a critical step toward behavior change.5. Get Better FriendsConsciously and unconsciously, people tend to imitate those around them. Thats why the latest research shows that things like happiness, smoking quitting and obesity can spread like a infectious disease through social networks So surro
23、und yourself with friends who can also be role models. “Make sure that people you hang out with are people who look and act the way you would like to. Social imitation is the easiest form not only of flattery but of self-improvement,“ says Stanton Peele, author of Seven, Tools to Beat Addiction.Soci
24、al support, is critical to changing all kinds of behavior. Good friends can not only help you through slip-ups but also help keep your New Years resolutions from taking over your Life. Rather than obsessing about what you shouldnt be doing, think about things you should, experts say. The distraction
25、 will help you curb bad habits. “Focus on your higher goals and positive activities, things that both sustain you and fill your life,“ says Peele. If you regularly engage in meaningful activities that give you pleasure- whether its visiting friends, picking up a hobby, taking a class or doing volunt
26、eer work-youll simply have less time to engage in the behavior that you want to reduce.（分数：49.00）(1).According to Howard Josepher, self-medicating is a bad thing unless_A. you adhere to the parameters B. you check yourself sometimesC. you are always honest with yourself D. you can tell it from enjoy
27、ing yourself（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What can be obtained through the help of Drinkers Checkup?A. Experts solution to problems caused by drinking.B. Information about your drinking levels.C. Instant online communication with expects. D. Suggestions of how to keep away from alcohol.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).M
28、oderation Management advices alcohol addicts to_A. seek help from professional doctorsB. have an initial period of moderate drinkingC. try a complete abstinence before moderate drinkingD. quit cold turkey temporarily before quitting drinking（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What can be concluded from Hesters ran
29、domized controlled trial?A. Its impossible to have a successful moderation without MM.B. Frequent self-monitoring is the best way to keep resolution.C. MMs website is not effective in reducing drinking problems.D. Its helpful to use as many behavior-modification tools as possible.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5
30、).“Mindfulness-based relapse prevention“ is a way to quit bad habit based on _.A. supernatural power B. meditation C. scientific theories D. study results（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Marlatt believes that mindfulness gets people into space_A. between stimulus and response B. that is lack of freedomC. in whi
31、ch you forget all worries D. where you are free from restriction（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).Why does Hester recommend to set a moderately difficult short-term goal?A. He has little confidence in peoples willpower. B. Short-term goal is easier to achieve.C. Willpower gets stronger with appropriate use. D. C
32、hallenges can provide a sense of success.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.2.Research shows that in the long term, it is _ that motivates you to keep the resolution you have made.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.It is advisable for you to reward yourself with a little prize once you _, like a month of abstinence.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.
33、As people tend to be affected by those around them, happiness as well as some bad habits can spread like_（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. The man does not seem to have a good sense of time.B. The man is a poorer driver than the woman. .C. The man
34、had to fix the car again for the woman.D. The woman often misunderstood the man.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Jazz. B. Classical music. C. Rock and roll. D. All kinds of music.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He rejected their request. B. He accepted their request.C. He agreed to consider their request. D. He aske
35、d them to come with tihe others.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Impatient. B. Serious. C. Enthusiastic. D. Nervous.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Her name is on the top of the list. B. She is expecting a job interview.C. She will be the last to be interviewed. D. She must fix a date for the job interview.（分数：7.00）
36、A.B.C.D.(1).A. The husband went to the hair salon with his wife.B. The wife is annoyed at her husbands complaint.C. The husband is not usually so observant. D. The wife is going to the hairdressers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He must take a connected flight at Jacksonville.B. He has to change the flight
37、 at Albany.C. He will fly for two hours. D. He will fly directly to his destination.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Its on time. B. Its crowded. C. Its empty. D. Its late.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Conversation One（分数：21.00）(1).A. Traveling in South Africa to seek medical help.B. Promoting awareness and prevention of
38、 AIDS.C. Visiting clients and signing contracts. D. Collecting fund for the new business.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Africans are not very brave and resourceful. B. There is no treatment or healthcare center at all.C. There were no effective prevention systems. D. There was no formal education in Africa
39、 at all.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. By informing. people that its an incurable disease.B. By providing effective medicine to stop its transmission.C. By disciplining young people against contracting and spreading it.D. By combining education and prevention with care and treatment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Conver
40、sation Two（分数：28.00）(1).A. To organize activities for children. B. To sell local farm products.C. To bring tourists to the town. D. To raise fund for the hospital.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. In various tents. B. In university buildingsC. In a hospital. D. In an auditorium.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Play in
41、 a band. B. Work at the auction.C. Sell refreshments. D. Collect tickets.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. He thinks its mainly for children. B. He feels it would be worthwhile.C. He believes it is too complicated. D. He thinks it may not be very profitable.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage
42、One（分数：21.00）(1).A. His vision and his travel all over the world. B. His expertise and business marketing skills.C. The money we pay for the “information highway“.D. His confidence in software products.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It is a network for shopping malls, offices and homes.B. It relieves the h
43、eavy burden of teachers in school.C. It simplifies the process of making friends online.D. It quickens sales of software products and intelligence.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It will confine us to the four walls. B. We will have unlimited freedom.C. The rich will be even richer. D. Education will be wid
44、ely spread.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Two（分数：21.00）(1).A. Communication actually takes place when the message is received.B. There are more means of receiving than of sending communications.C. Reception of communication involves use of the senses.D. It is hard to organize by typing the means of sendin
45、g communication.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Clapping hands. B. Gesture and imitation.C. Handshaking. D. Smell and taste.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They dont need conventional signs and symbols.B. They only require a receiver in communication.C. The distance between communicators cant be too long.D. They ar
46、e not restricted in time and space.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Three（分数：28.00）(1).A. Worse than in the past. B. As bad as in the past.C. Not so dangerous as in the past. D. As necessary as in the past.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The adoption of modern ideologies can stop war.B. The adoption of any ideology
47、 could prevent war.C. The adoption of some ideologies could prevent war.D. The adoption of any ideology cant stop war.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Enhance the contests of force. B. Change peoples old mental habits.C. Change peoples ideologies. D. Persuade mankind to live with war.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A.
48、War is the only way to solve international disputes.B. War will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weapons.C. It is impossible for people to live without war.D. War must be abolished if man wants to survive.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Ninety percent of Americans know tha
49、t most of their compatriots are overweight, but just 40 percent believe themselves to be too fat. Government (36) show that more than 60 percent of the U.S. population is overweight, and half is obese, meaning they are at serious (37) of health effects from their weight. But the Pew Research Center telephone survey of more than 2,000 adults finds that many people (38
