1、大学四级-1574 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.人人都梦想成功 2成功所需的因素很多，如 3我在成功之路上尚需付出的努力（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Should A Kid Be Guided to Tell a White Lie?Its my familys tradition to exchange girls on Christmas Eve. Before we did so, I whispered to my uncle
2、and his wife, “Just want you to know: I think what I got you is really cool, so just tell me you like it, no matter what, okay?“ I know that sounds rude, but theres another Christmas custom in my family: we give each other weird gifts. There is a sweet reason for this. My grandparents grew up during
3、 the Depression, and there were years when they had no gifts at all. So my grandmother and her siblings(兄弟姐妹) would gift-wrap their old socks and clothes, just so they had something to open on Christmas. Pretend presents were better than none at all. My grandmother never really got over those early
4、years, so, for the rest of her life, she went a little crazy at the holidays. Shed start buying gifts in October. It didnt matter what it was. Socks, toothbrushes, used paperbacks shed read but didnt like, all went under the tree. Contents of catalog “mystery boxes“ meant we spent another hour unwra
5、pping presents. One of my more memorable gifts: a single piece of clear plastic labeled “face shield.“ I was apparently to hold it in front of my eyes when I used hair spray. We all thanked Grandma greatly no matter what we got. As a little kid, this pattern of gratitude for the terrible presents pu
6、zzled me; it took a long time for me to understand it was all right to laugh at some of her gifts. Now I dont really know if my aunt and uncle actually liked the gift I gave them. They said they did, but since I coached them to tell me they love it, Ill never really know if that was the truth. All o
7、f these make me think of the work of McGill professor Victoria Talwar. As an expert in childrens lying behavior, Talwar has been studying how kids respond to unwanted gifts. When they get a gift they hate, can they still thank someone and pretend to love it? Talwar tests kids ability to do this, by
8、asking kids to pick a toy they want; if they win a game, they get the chosen toy. There are plastic horses, a small car, a few other items, including an unwrapped, dirty, worn, used bar of soap. At some point in the game, theres a switch in the adults who play with the kids. So, instead of giving th
9、e child her chosen toy, the late-arriving adult gives the child the soap. Then, the researchers watch what happens. 68% of kids, aged 3 to 11, will spontaneously say they love the gift of old ugly soap. The older they are, the more likely they are to say a white lie about the gift. And if parents en
10、courage the children to say how much they like the present, the percentage of kids lying about the gift increases to 87%. At this point, some may be saying that a white lie isnt a lie. Thats because you are looking at lying from the adult perspective-that lies are acceptable, when told with the inte
11、nt of helping someone, or protecting anothers feelings. But kids dont think of lying in the same way. For them, the intent behind a lie-for good or for ill-is irrelevant. It is so irrelevant that, for very young kids, you cant even lie by accident. Someone who gives out wrong information, but believ
12、ed it to be true, is still a liar in these kids book. Kids just dont believe that lying comes in shades of white or gray. Lying is much simpler than that: lying is telling somebody something that isnt so; lying is really bad; and lying gets you punished. And if it gets you punished, you shouldnt do
13、it. In Talwars lab, parents have literally cheered to hear their kids lie about how great it is to have received the old soap. The parents have pride over their childrens knowing the socially appropriate response. Talwars regularly amazed by this. The parents never even seem to realize that the chil
14、d told a lie. They never want to scold the child afterwards, or talk about the kids behavior. Regardless of the parents pride, the kids arent happy about their successfully lying. Instead, it can be torture for them. I was at Talwars lab when she was doing a version of the unwanted gift experiment w
15、ith kids in the first and second grades. Watching kid after kid react to that gross bar of soap, I could really see how emotionally difficult it is for kids to tell a white lie. The kids were disappointed when they were handed the soap, but that was nothing compared to the discomfort they showed whi
16、le having to lie about liking it. They are uneasy. Some looked like they were going to cry. It was simply painful to watch. Indeed, Talwar has found that some kids just cant even bring themselves to say something nice about the present. About 20% of 11-year-olds just refuse to tell a white lie about
17、 that unwanted gift-even after their parents encouraged them to do so. And about 14% of kids still wont tell a white lie, even after their parents specifically explained the prosocial (亲社会的) reasons to tell the lie. These kids just cant reconcile the disconnect between knowing how bad lying is, and
18、being told they should now lie. Talwar cautions that we need to recognize that, at least from the kids point of view, white lies really are still lies. We should take care to explain the motivation behind the untruth-that we want to protect the other persons feelings. Kids may still fail to complete
19、ly understand the distinction, but at least it will encourage them to think about others feelings when they act. And we need to reassure children that they wont be punished for a specific white lie-because they did something nice for someone else. Talwar also warns that we adults should pay attentio
20、n to our own use of white lies. Kids notice these untruths-and that we rarely get punished for them. If kids believe that we regularly lie to get out of uncomfortable social situations, they are more likely to adopt a similar strategy of lying. If we dont watch it, we could unintentionally be giving
21、 kids yet another present: a license to lie.（分数：70.00）(1).How did the authors grandmother and her siblings manage to receive Christmas gifts during the Depression?（分数：7.00）A.They earned money to buy gifts for each other.B.They made pretend presents with old things.C.They started buying gifts in Octo
22、ber.D.They gave each other weird gifts.(2).The author isnt sure whether her aunt and uncle really liked the gift because _.（分数：7.00）A.the gift was not good enough for themB.they had been guided to say they liked itC.they were accustomed to tell white liesD.they were too polite to hurt her feeling(3)
23、.Whats the purpose of Talwars study?（分数：7.00）A.To see how kids respond to unwanted gifts.B.To test kids ability to refuse their dislikes.C.To study how parents react to kids lies.D.To check how polite the kids are.(4).Compared with the young kids, the older ones _.（分数：7.00）A.are more likely to tell
24、their true feelingB.are more frequently encouraged to tell liesC.consider the white lies acceptableD.have higher percentage of lying about the gift(5).From the kids point of view, lying _.（分数：7.00）A.is acceptable as long as it can help othersB.is not bad if it doesnt get them punishedC.is a good way
25、 to protect others feelingD.is not acceptable even it is a white lie(6).Whats the parents reaction to their childrens white lies about the old soap?（分数：7.00）A.They feel proud to hear their response.B.They scold them for telling lies afterwards.C.They teach them when to tell a white lie.D.They tell t
26、hem not to tell lies again.(7).When the kids are telling lies about the ugly soap, they feel _.（分数：7.00）A.disappointedB.indifferentC.uncomfortableD.satisfied(8).One fifth 11-year-old kids still express their unhappiness of the unwanted gift despite their parents_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Parents should e
27、xplain to kids the reason for telling white lies is to_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).If adults continue to tell white lies, kids may be more likely to adopt this strategy of lying to escape_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)A.The area is for passengers only.B.Th
28、e man is asking the woman to leave.C.The man feels sorry for the woman.D.The woman is a member of the staff.A.He is late for his work on the first day.B.It takes a long time for him to go to work.C.He is very excited for driving to work.D.He drove to make sure the time to get to work.A.It is pleasan
29、t.B.It is constant.C.It is always windy.D.It is changeable.A.The man thought the paper was easy.B.They both had a hard time writing the paper.C.The woman thought the assignment was easy.D.Neither of them has finished the paper yet.A.He hasnt decided what to do this weekend.B.He will spend the weeken
30、d with his sister.C.He thinks everything is all right up till now.D.He has already decided to travel abroad by air.A.He feels satisfied with it.B.He thinks the distance is too far.C.The road is good but theres heavy traffic.D.30 minutes driving is a piece of cake for him.A.He thinks the students are
31、 quite fair.B.He thinks the new teacher is good.C.Reactions to the new teacher are different.D.The woman should believe what is told.A.Spend more time outdoors.B.Take short naps in day time.C.Try to go to bed earlier.D.Stay indoors until she feels better.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversat
32、ion you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).What is the mans attitude toward the stem cell research?（分数：7.00）A.Supportive.B.Opposed.C.Pessimistic.D.Neutral.(2).What do we learn about a stem cell?（分数：7.00）A.It has no difference from other cells.B.It can only become a certain type of cell.C.It cant become a
33、 kidney cell.D.It maintains and repairs the body.(3).Why do some people oppose stem cell research according to the man?（分数：7.00）A.They dont know about the benefits of the research.B.The research goes against their religious beliefs.C.The research costs too much money.D.They insist that the research
34、is against nature.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).What do we learn about a“smart“car according to the woman?（分数：7.00）A.It uses new technology.B.It is installed with a robot.C.It is as clever as human.D.It can talk with people.(2).What can be inferre
35、d about the mans brother?（分数：7.00）A.He does the work of making maps.B.He is reliable on giving directions.C.He is a Geographic specialist.D.He knows more than a computerized map.(3).What will radar warning systems do for drivers according to the conversation?（分数：7.00）A.They will tell drivers the acc
36、ident on the road ahead.B.They will remind drivers if there is only a little oil left.C.They will help drivers sheer off in the opposite direction.D.They will give an alarm if drivers get too close to other cars.(4).Why was the man late?（分数：7.00）A.He couldnt find the way.B.His ear ran out of oil.C.H
37、e came at rush hour.D.His watch was slow.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage One（分数：21.00）(1).When did watches and clocks become common in the United States?（分数：7.00）A.From the 1850s.B.From the 1700s.C.From the 1800s.D.From the 1900s.(2).What was the main purpose of having a watch during the 1800s?（分
38、数：7.00）A.To know direction.B.To measure time.C.To show off ones wealth.D.To get to work on time.(3).Why was everyone interested in time by 1900?（分数：7.00）A.Everyone needed to measure their spare time.B.Everyone wanted to be punctual.C.Efficiency meant much more money.D.Efficiency was closely related
39、to time.Passage Two（分数：28.00）(1).According to the speaker,what can the present-day robots do?（分数：7.00）A.Drive cars.B.Fly planes.C.Pay wages.D.Repair machines.(2).What do we learn about the“brain“of robots?（分数：7.00）A.It can store many instructions.B.It can perform few tasks.C.It is a symbol of modern
40、ization.D.It is as clever as human brain.(3).What is the great advantage of robots over human workers?（分数：7.00）A.They are much cheaper than humans.B.They never complain about the difficulties.C.They can handle all the problems of the job.D.They can work for long periods without rest.(4).What does th
41、e speaker tell us about the future of robots?（分数：7.00）A.It will be long before robots can be used at home.B.It will be very expensive to use robots in the future.C.Robots will take over all the jobs in industry.D.Robots will be used only in large factories.Passage Three（分数：21.00）(1).What did Elvis P
42、resley succeed in?（分数：7.00）A.Opera music.B.Drama.C.Country music.D.Polities.(2).Why is the world stuck on Elvis Presley?（分数：7.00）A.He had innate talent for music.B.He was the richest singer in America.C.He symbolizes the American dream.D.He stands for the new generation.(3).How do the fans respond t
43、o Elvisdrug dependency and other excessive behavior?（分数：7.00）A.They regret for them.B.They just ignore them.C.They sharply criticize them.D.They follow his behavior.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which (36) only of members of yo
44、ur own sex, how would you react? Unless there was something (37) wrong with yon, you wouldnt be too happy about it, to say the (38) . It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to (39) such abnormal conditions on their children. Any discussion of this topic is (
45、40) to question the aims of education. (41) childrens heads full of knowledge is far from being the most important among them. One of the chief aims of education is to (42) future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so h
46、ow can a segregated(隔离的) school possibly offer the right sort of (43) for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock. A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a small, true version of society. (44) to learn to live together from their ear
47、liest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other (45) In a co-educational school, everything falls into its proper place. (46) .（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section
48、 A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Would you be happier if you spent more time discussing the state of the world and the meaning of life-and less time talking about the weather? It may sound counterintuitive(违反直觉的), but people who spend more of their day having deep discussions and less time engaging in small talk seem to be happier, said Matthias Mehl, a psychologist at the University of Arizona who published a study on the (47) . “We found this so interesting, becau
