1、大学四级模拟 1078 及答案解析(总分：710.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of being punctual. You should write
2、at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：49.70)Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. （分数：14.20）A.After the cabinet has reviewed it.B.After the U. S. troops have pulled out.C.After all parties have agreed
3、on it.D.After they returned from Mecca.A.By mid-2011.B.By the end of 2009.C.By mid-2009.D.By the end of 2011.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. （分数：14.20）A.To set up a moon colony by 2020.B.To send astronauts back to the moon by 2020.C.To continue the current shuttle mission
4、s till 2020.D.To create more jobs for NASA till 2020.A.There were more important space missions.B.The space agency lacked technology for the programme.C.The current shuttle missions would continue.D.Congress failed to pass President Obama“s budget.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news
5、 item. （分数：21.30）A.Electricity shortage.B.Food shortage.C.The heavy burden of studies.D.Overtime exposure to sunlight.A.1 hour.B.2 hours.C.3 hours.D.2.5 hours.A.Students in South East-Asia have great pressure in study.B.Genetic factors in visual impairment and blindness.C.Students in South East-Asia
6、 should spend more time outdoors.D.The reason why students in South East-Asia have pressure.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：56.80)Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.Tobacco advertisement.B.Tobacco companies.C.Smoking men.D.Smoking women.A.14 000.B.15 000.C.140 000.
7、D.1 400 000.A.A light cigarette contains low nicotine.B.Smoking a light cigarette is different from smoking a regular one.C.Women who smoke light cigarettes want to get higher levels of nicotine.D.Tobacco companies advertise cigarettes as “light“ to obscure smoking risks.A.Macho or cool expression.B
8、.Social and culture events.C.Sports and entertainment.D.Social and political issues.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （分数：28.40）A.His brother.B.His mother.C.His father.D.His sister.A.By train and by car.B.By plane and by coach.C.By train and by bus.D.By bus and by
9、 plane.A.Short hair.B.Glasses.C.Moustache.D.Beard.A.In the third room on the right.B.In the Common Room.C.In a room at this end.D.In Room 501.五、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：42.60)Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：42.60）A.We have to use first our e
10、yes, then the brain and finally the muscles.B.We have to make our eyes, brain and muscles work almost at the same time.C.We have to use mainly the arms and legs to hit.D.We have to use mainly the muscles so that the ball is met and hit back.A.What he does out of class.B.What he learns in books.C.His
11、 place in society.D.His lessons in school.A.It is its members.B.It is its team work.C.It is the football field.D.It is the climate.七、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：42.60)Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：42.60）A.They live in twenty rainforests.B.They live in several hundred
12、different varieties of trees.C.They live in a forty-degree band of latitude.D.They live in areas where the rainforest has been cleared.A.One acre per minute.B.One acre per second.C.One hundred acres per minute.D.Two hundred acres per hour.A.The land will be eroded by the rains.B.Many species of plan
13、ts and animals that depend on the rainforest will become extinct.C.The future of the human species may be changed.D.The rainforest will grow, but at a much slower rate.八、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：56.80)Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. （分数：56.80）A.To complain about car de
14、alers.B.To offer advice to prospective car buyers.C.To sell new cars.D.To explain how to finance a car.A.In December.B.In the fall.C.On the first day of the month.D.At the end of the week.A.Negotiating a lower price than the one that appears on the sticker.B.Not telling the dealer that you have a ca
15、r to trade in.C.Financing the new car at the dealership.D.Buying a car that is on the dealer“s lot instead of ordering one.A.Negotiating a price for most purchases is not common in the United States.B.Car dealers in the United States are not honest.C.New cars are very expensive in the United States.
16、D.Most shoppers have a car to trade in.九、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Section A(总题数：1，分数：35.50)The hassle involved in updating software means many of us don“t do it, leaving our computers exposed to crash-prone, and insecure code. But now two major objections to 1 updatesthe fact that you have
17、 to stop running the software to upgrade it and the 2 that an update will introduce bugscould be removed thanks to an ingenious idea from engineers at Imperial College London. Computer scientists have worked out how to employ the unused cores in “ multicore “ (多核) microprocessors (微处理器) to make the
18、update process invisible to the user. Whenever an update is 3 , their trick is to leave the old version of the software running on one 4 so you can carry on using itwhile running the update in 5 on an unused core. They then synchronize (使同步；使同时发生) the execution of the two programs in such a wayan id
19、ea that limits damage from fresh bugs introduced by the update. In a Swiss survey, 70 per cent of a sample of 50 system administrators admitted they don“t always update software for fear of the 6 it will causeand because 25 per cent of updates can introduce new 7 . The Imperial team has now successf
20、ully tested their idea, they told the International Conference on Software Engineering in San Francisco last month. They say their 8 could be applied to apps on 9 as well as to server applications, but it is best suited to larger systems needing “increasing reliability, availability and 10 “. A. dow
21、ntime F. smartphones K. core B. available G. secure L. security C. ideas H. parallel M. installing D. bugs I. fear N. version E. equipment J. using O. trick（分数：35.50）十一、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Need a Brain Boost? Exercise!A. If you spend your workday at a desk, you know that familiar and dreaded fe
22、eling: the mid-afternoon slump. E-mails take a bit longer to compose, documents take longer to read. It“s expected, given that you spend most of your time in a chair. To combat your mental fatigue, you reach for artificial stimulation in the form of caffeine, sugar or energy drinks. B. However, all
23、you need to sharpen your mental acuity (敏锐) is something you already own: your legs. This should come as little surprise. Mental fatigue sets in after you“ve been sitting for an extended period of time and walking around is an easy way to temporarily increase your alertness. But a few types of exten
24、ded physical activity can have measurable impact on your mental acuity. C. According to recent research, a single workout can immediately boost higher-order thinking skills, making you more productive and efficient as you labor through your workday. When you exercise your legs, you also exercise you
25、r brain; this means that a lunchtime workout can improve your cognitive performance, thanks to blood flow and brain food. Brain-derived neurotrophic (神经营养的) factor, or BDNF, is a protein that facilitates the growth of neurons and nourishes existing ones. It improves executive function, a type of hig
26、her-order thinking that allows people to formulate arguments, develop strategies, creatively solve problems and synthesize information. BDNF sits idly at the synapses (神经键) of your brain neurons and crosses the synapses only with the increased blood flow that comes with exercise. D. Writers have lon
27、g used exercise to unleash their creative powers. William Wordsworth composed his poems while walking. According to Adam Sisman, author of “The Friendship: Wordsworth not a word of it was written down before they reached Bristol, and not a line altered afterwards.“ Novelist Susan Henderson often goe
28、s hiking for two or three hours. “For my first draft, I“ll go into the woods,“ she says. “I“ll go with a specific question or dilemma, and talk it out into the voice recorder on my phone.“ Craig Finn of the band the Hold Steady uses running as a way to gather song ideas. “Long runs are a very medita
29、tive time. My mind gets to a crazy, unique place once I get above 10 miles. It“s a time for some very clear thinking. I don“t know that it“s conscious, but I always feel inspired to write after I run.“ E. Fortunately, you don“t have to run 10 miles to boost your executive function. Several studies h
30、ave shown that a short aerobic (有氧的) workout gives your brain an immediate boost. According to Charles Hillman, professor of kinesiology and community health at the University of Illinois, as little as 20 minutes of aerobic exercise at 60 to 70 percent of your maximum heart rate is enough. F. Your c
31、hoice of exercise also makes a difference. A calm mind is key. The less you pay attention to external stimulilike a book or your environmentthe greater the benefit later, because any activity that requires extended concentration involves the same higher-order thinking skills you need after the run.
32、In other words, the more rested your mind during exercise, the better your post-workout problem-solving skills. G. This is bad news if you like to read while exercising. But it“s even worse for people who combine their gaming fix with exercise. Hillman said that in a recent study, treadmill runners
33、fared better on post-exercise tests than those who played Wii Fit. “With Wii Fit, you“re exercising, but you“re also cognitively responding to, and accounting for, things in your environment, he says. “This is much like the urban environment, where you have to stop for traffic and pedestrians. You h
34、ave a busy mind to go along with that busy body.“ H. The concept of the calm mind is why you might not even need to elevate your heart rate to reap the benefits. All you have to do is head for the hills, or at least the trail, and get away from the concrete jungle. According to a 2008 study from the
35、 University of Michigan, nature stimulates creativity and strengthens cognitive powers better than urban environments. This is the idea behind Attention Restoration Theory, which assumes that a strong mind always needs time to be refreshed. In an urban environment, your mind is never at ease. You ha
36、ve to pay attention to all sorts of external stimuli, such as cars in crosswalks and people on sidewalks. It“s survival mode. What you need is a workout that involves involuntary attention. This type of attention requires no extra work on your brain“s part. You use it when you notice the cherry blos
37、soms or the beauty of Rock Creek Park. It doesn“t take any extra effort to notice the pretty things; you just do it. According to the researchers at University of Michigan, natural environments are much better than urban environments at restoring and improving cognitive functioning. I. A natural env
38、ironment gives the directed-attention part of your brain some vacation time, allowing it to refresh. “Simple and brief interactions with nature can produce marked increase in cognitive control,“ according to the researchers. The best part? The participants in the study were walkers, not runners. For
39、 most people, walking is a more practical option. J. Don“t like to run, or even walk? No problem. You can be flexible in your workout routine. Literally. Yoga may also improve cognitive functioning, according to a recent study. One of the authors, Neha Gothe, an assistant professor of education at W
40、ayne State University, said that when you practice yoga, you“re not only moving, you“re in touch with your body movements. “This awareness might be the reason why you keep distracting parts away and focus on the task at hand,“ she says. So while yoga involves focus, it“s a different kind: It require
41、s a mind-body connection, not a connection to external stimuli. In this way, yoga allows your mind time to rest by keeping external thoughts like workplace stress at bay. K. No matter your workout, most researchers agree that the cognitive benefits last for at least an hour after exercise. So the ne
42、xt time you need to give your brain a boost, skip the energy drink and grab your workout gear.（分数：71.00）(1).You do not need to exercise your legs for a long time in order to boost your brain.（分数：7.10）(2).Exercise is not enough to combat your mental fatigue, you also required to be calm during the ex
43、ercise.（分数：7.10）(3).Natural environments make the direct-attention part of your brain have some spare time.（分数：7.10）(4).Exercises inspired many writers or novelists to create famous workers.（分数：7.10）(5).Some people combat mental fatigue by coffee when they spend a long time at desk.（分数：7.10）(6).Exer
44、cise environment is also an important factor that may influence the effectiveness of the exercise.（分数：7.10）(7).Compared with urban environment, natural environment is more suitable for improving your cognitive performance.（分数：7.10）(8).Besides running and walking, there still are other exercises that
45、 can sharpen your mental acuity.（分数：7.10）(9).Lunchtime workout can exercise your brain, allowing you to be more productive.（分数：7.10）(10).Not all of the extended physical activities can have considerable influence on people“s mental acuity.（分数：7.10）十二、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：7
46、1.00)Unemployment-insurance (UI) benefits first passed in 2008 and extended several times. America“s government has enacted such measures in every recession since 1957. The most recent extension expired on December 28th, leaving roughly 1.3m Americans suddenly cut off and setting the stage for a hug
47、e political battle early in 2014. Republicans principally object to the extension“s costaround $25 billion over the next two years. Some point out that supplemental UI benefits have been in place longer and paid out more than in past recessions. Of course, one reason for this is that a far larger sh
48、are of Americans remains out of work now than when the recession began. In November 2013 America“s unemployment rate was 7.0%, still a full two points higher than its 5% level when the recession began in December 2007. There remain roughly three applicants for every open job. Even so, Rand Paul, a R
49、epublican senator from Kentucky, says that extending UI benefits causes workers “to become part of this perpetual unemployed group in our economy“ and “actually does a disservice to the people you“re trying to help.“ Not extending benefits will probably cause the unemployment rate to drop. Unlike some other economic stimuli, these benefits tend to get spent quickly on consumer goods. Mr. Obama has proposed several policies aimed at helping the long-term unemployed. One would set up a Nationa
