1、专业英语四级分类模拟361及答案解析 (总分：114.55，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LANGUAGE KNOW(总题数：20，分数：40.50)1.If the earth suddenly _ spinning, we would all fly off it.（分数：2.50）A.had stoppedB.stoppedC.has stoppedD.would stop2.Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete Weve seen the film _?（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.recently
2、C.latelyD.yet3.Life is a candle _ to burn ever brighter.（分数：2.50）A.being meantB.meaningC.to meanD.meant4.In order to be successful as an engineer, she had to become _ at mathematics.（分数：1.00）A.proficientB.outstandingC.prominentD.experienced5.The city has much more bridges than _ in the country.（分数：2
3、.00）A.any cityB.any other cityC.all the citiesD.another city6.Silk, printing, paper, the compass and powder originated in China, and _ introduction in the west had far-reaching effects.（分数：1.00）A.theseB.theirC.thoseD.its7.The economic recession has meant that job _ is a rare thing.（分数：2.50）A.securit
4、yB.safetyC.protectionD.secureness8.The task wasnt easy, but we managed it _.（分数：2.50）A.anyhowB.somehowC.any wayD.some way9.The students and teachers alike took great _ at the rude way the president criticized little Tom.（分数：1.00）A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation10.My brother likes eating
5、very much, but he isnt very _ about the food he eats.（分数：2.50）A.specialB.peculiarC.particularD.specific11.The questions that the speaker raised were well _ the average adult.（分数：2.00）A.pastB.onC.beyondD.through12.I _ my arm when I played basketball yesterday afternoon.（分数：2.00）A.distortedB.dismissed
6、C.disposedD.dislocated13.Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment _.（分数：1.00）A.which they are happeningB.they are happeningC.which they happenD.they have happened14.The leader of the expedition _ everyone to follow his example.（分数：3.50）A.promotedB.reinforcedC.sparkedD.in
7、spired15.Every boy and girl must have _ hair neatly combed.（分数：1.00）A.hisB.herC.itsD.their16.Which of the following determiners(限定词)can NOT be placed before both singular count nouns and plural count nouns?（分数：2.50）A.someB.the firstC.a manyD.such17.Sometimes the bank manager himself is asked to _ ch
8、eques if his clerks are not sure about them.（分数：2.50）A.creditB.assureC.certifyD.access18. Have you moved into the new flat? Not yet. The rooms _.（分数：2.50）A.have paintedB.are paintingC.were paintingD.are being painted19.As soon as he opened the door, a _ of cold air swept through the house.（分数：2.00）A
9、.flowB.movementC.rushD.blast20.Rumor _ that youre going to be the next managing director. Is it true?（分数：2.00）A.has itB.does it haveC.says itD.does it say二、PART CLOZE(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A. another B. weak C. illness D. problems E. self-respect F. strong G. tendency H. solutions I. interpersonal J. happi
10、ness K. in spite L. despite M. worries N. the other O. ties Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our 1 to give and receive support from one 2 under stressful circumstances. Social supp
11、ort consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their 3 ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes. People with 4 social ties live longer and have better health than those without such 5 . Studies over a range of illnesses, from d
12、epression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off 6 , and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our 7 is s
13、trengthened when we feel accepted by others 8 our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find 9 to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activ
14、ities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distractingus from our 10 and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental supportfinancial aid, material resources, and needed servicesthat reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.（分数：10.0
15、0）三、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：47.50)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS PASSAGE ONE A century ago in the United States, when an individual brought suit against a company, public opinion tended to protect that company. But perhaps this phenomenon was most striking in the case of the railroads. Near
16、ly half of all negligence cases decided through 1896 involved railroads. And the railroads usually won. Most of the cases were decided in state courts, when the railroads had the climate of the times on their sides. Government supported the railroad industry; the progress railroads represented was n
17、ot to be slowed down by requiring them often to pay damages to those unlucky enough to be hurt working for them. Court decisions always went against railroad workers. Mr. Farrell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchmans negligence ran his engine off the track. The court reasoned, that sin
18、ce Farrell had taken the job of an engineer voluntarily at good pay, he had accepted the risk. Therefore the accident, though avoidable had the switchmen acted carefully, was a pure accident. In effect a railroad could never be held responsible for injury to one employee caused by the mistake of ano
19、ther. In one case where a Pennsylvania Railroad worker had started a fire at a warehouse and the fire had spread several blocks, causing widespread damage, a jury found the company responsible for all the damage. But the court overturned the jurys decision because it argued that the railroads neglig
20、ence was the immediate cause of damage only to the nearest buildings. Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider. As the century wore on, public sentiment began to turn against the railroadsagainst their economic and political power and high fares as well as against their callousness towa
21、rd individuals. PASSAGE TWO It was the worst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 peoplemostly women, children and ol
22、d people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germanywere packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought of
23、f those in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. Ill never forget the screams, says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark graveand into seeming nothingness, rarel
24、y mentioned for more than half a century. Now Germanys Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 childrenwith his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English next year, doesnt dwell on the sin
25、king; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East. The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: Because the crimes we Ger
26、mans are responsible for were and are so dominant, we didnt have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings. The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff was probably unavoidableand necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their countrys monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germ
27、ans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize the neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Todays unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German
28、 Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correct Germans believe that theyve now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy. PASSAGE THREE Three yea
29、rs ago, Joseph J. Ellis, one of the most widely read American historians, ran into a career crisis of his own strange devising. Just months after his book, Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation won the Pulitzer Prize and planted itself for a long run on the best-seller list, it emerged tha
30、t Ellis, who spent the Vietnam War years doing graduate work at Yale and teaching history at West Point, had been offering his students at Mount Holyoke College wholly invented accounts of his days as a platoon leader in Vietnam. After his tall tales were exposed in the Boston Globe, Ellis was suspe
31、nded without pay for a year and compelled to relinquish his endowed chair. But even after the story broke, his book continued to sell briskly. And why not? No one ever accused him of falsifying his scholarship, and his probing biographies remain some of the most psychologically penetrating portraits
32、 of the Founding Fathers that we have. His supple new book, His Excellency: George Washington (Knopf; 320 pages), is another in that line, full of subtle inroads into the man Ellis calls the most notorious model of self-control in all of American history, the original marble man. The Washington Elli
33、s gives us is not the customary figure operating serenely above the fray but a man constantly seeking to govern his own passions. Ironically, telling Washingtons story truthfully requires Ellis to occasionally cast doubt on the great mans honesty. Washington could lie when he needed tofor instance,
34、by misrepresenting for posterity his role in the disastrous engagement at Fort Necessity during the French and Indian War. And throughout his career, he feigned a lack of ambition as cover for a relentless impulse to move upward in the world. Washington had no more than a grade-school education, but
35、 he had an early grasp of issues that would be crucial to Americas future, such as westward expansion and the vexing matter of slavery. He eventually concluded that slavery must be abolished, though his own slaves were freed only after his death. He also understood precisely what his role in the new
36、 nation should be. Washington emerged from the War of Independence as a kind of god. Like Caesar before him and Napoleon after, he might easily have parlayed military glory into imperial power. But he performed his greatest service to his country by refusing to yield to that temptation. At the end o
37、f his second Administration, he turned down a third term, thereby establishing an enduring example of limited presidential tenure. Washington was willing to refuse a crown, but he was exasperated by Thomas Jeffersons and James Madisons aversion to federal power. His experience during the war with Br
38、itain, when a rudderless Continental Congress left his army chronically short of supplies, convinced him of the need for a government strong enough to pursue national purposes. But as Ellis sees it, Washingtons views were also projections onto the national screen of the need for the same kind of con
39、trolling authority he had orchestrated within his own personality. The Father of His Country had first to prevail as master of himself. PASSAGE FOUR The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, youd expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit
40、of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each others countries at a moderate cost. What was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodys grasp. The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modem
41、 travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldnt have dreamed of. But whats the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other? Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for
42、 this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modem tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at th
43、e natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he
44、 is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the Cite Universitaire are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler go
45、es not to eat paella, but fish and chips. The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We dont see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five national
46、ities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barri
47、ers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites and that Latin peoples shout a lot. You only have to make a few foreign
48、 friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you? Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic facthow trite it soundsthat all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same tim
