1、大学英语六级 175 及答案解析(总分：448.02，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Psychological Problems of University Students. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline gi
2、ven below: （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Real Death Of Print Vishwas Chavan travels a lot. As an informatician, he collects data on what types of animal live where in India to enter into a biodiversity database. Yet the specimens he hunts for have neither fur nor feathers, but ye
3、llowing pages and ageing dust-jackets. Much of the information Chavan seeks is in old, out of-print tomes that are scattered around the world; about 2,500 of the 7,000 books he has unearthed were written in the first half of the nineteenth century. To find them, Chavan has spent years trailing aroun
4、d libraries. He dreams of the day when books such as these are scanned and made available as digital files on the Internet. Chavan and other digitization visionaries paint a future in which books no longer gather dust on shelves, but exist as interconnected nodes in a vast web of stored literature,
5、all accessible at the click of a mouse. So instead of hunting for specific books, scholars could search for specific information, customizing searches to suit their needs. A few years ago, Chavans dream seemed little more than a castle in the air. True, a number of mostly volunteer-driven or publicl
6、y funded projects had been scanning books and making them freely available on the Internet. But most efforts were limited. In December 2004, the Internet searchengine company Google announced plans to change that. It said it would scan millions of books from five major libraries: the university libr
7、aries of Oxford, Harvard, Stanford and Michigan, and the New York Public Library. The announcement energized other organizations in the United States and in Europe, which soon declared similar plans to scan and catalogue millions of books. The move to digitize books is set to transform the worlds of
8、 publishers, librarians, authors, readers and researchers. Obscure specialist titles could find new readerships; librarians and information specialists will have to develop tools to catalogue and navigate this labyrinth (迷宫) of data; and authors and publishers may soon have to start thinking in digi
9、tal dimensions, just as website designers and writers already do. Bloody revolution But revolutions are rarely bloodless and this one could soon get ugly. In the United States authors and publishers are squaring up against Google for a legal fight over copyright. Opinion is divided over whether the
10、scanning projects being implemented by companies such as Google and Amazon will hand control of the worlds literature to private enterprise and, if so, what this could mean. And with several independent scanning projects under way, it is still not clear how much of the information will be freely ava
11、ilable, or where and how it can all be coordinated and accessed. The idea to digitize books and make them available online has been around since the beginning of Internet in the early 1970s. When the US Declaration of Independence was typed in and sent to everyone on a computer network on the night
12、of 4 July 1971, it marked the birth of Project Gutenberg, the first book-digitization venture. Since then, the projects 20,000 volunteers have scanned or typed in about 50,000 out-of copyright books, says its founder Michael Hart, who works in the basement of his home in Urbana, Illinois, and, like
13、the projects volunteers, for free. Projects such as this are driven by the idealistic desire to make knowledge and literature freely accessible to all, but also by the benefits of having book collections easily searchable. “Being able to find it online is pretty much the same as having it online,“ s
14、ays David Weinberger of the Berkman Center for Internet and Society. Assets such as searchability have prompted the National Science Foundation (NSF) in Arlington, Virginia, to get involved in an open-access enterprise called the Million Book Project. This is an international scanning effort with ma
15、ny participants, including Carnegie Mellon University. Since the project began in 2002, about 600,000 out-of-copyright books have been scanned, although only about half of them are currently available online. The scanning takes place in India and China, with books being shipped there temporarily fro
16、m libraries around the world. Made to fit Searchability is also the main driving force behind commercial plans to scan books, including texts whose copyright has yet to expire. For example, if their products have been digitized, online booksellers can allow customers to search within books and brows
17、e a few pages before deciding to buy. In the United States, with the publishers permission, Amazon puts searchable digital data from mostly copyrighted books online. Amazon says that several hundred thousand books are currently available for searching. Amazon also offers the option of purchasing e-b
18、ooks and e-documents on its website, which can be viewed after downloading them to a portable reading device. The company expects these services to drive additional sales. Its search inside the book feature increases sales by 8%, the company says. Scientific publishers, such as the US National Acade
19、mies Press also see increased print sales when they allow their books to be viewed online. But Google doesnt mention money in its announcement that it plans to make the contents of millions of copyrighted books searchable as part of its Google Book Search project. Its spokesman, Nate Tyler, says Goo
20、gles motivation is to include literature that is currently only available offline in its mission to make information universally accessible. But the possibility that the company could gain financially from the move has raised hackles among US authors and publishing organizations. In the autumn of th
21、is year, the Authors Guild and the Association of American Publishers filed a lawsuit against Google for copyright infringement. They complained that Google hadnt asked them for permission to scan copyrighted books. Google has obtained the go-ahead from publishers to include some copyrighted works a
22、s part of its Book Search project, but not all. It argues that it does not need to seek permission for every book, because what it plans to do is permissible according to the “fair use“ exception of US copyright law. This allows copying for uses such as teaching, scholarship or research. Google will
23、, for example, not make the full text available, but only show “snippets“ of text around the search results if a book is still copyrighted. The company says that people are more likely to buy or borrow a book if they can search it this way, adding that the snippets are similar to the card catalogues
24、 found in libraries. But Paul Aiken of the Authors Guild in New York City argues that the act of scanning the works is copyright infringement (侵害) no matter how the texts are used. The outcome of the lawsuit will depend on the courts decisions over how the concept of fair use applies in the age of d
25、igital books and the Internet. Meanwhile, the rest of the scanning world is watching from the sidelines, and being careful to scan only books that are out of copyright, or to obtain the publishers permission before scanning anything. Googles plan has shaken up the digital-book world in other ways to
26、o. For one thing, many believe that its size and resources mean Google can pull of this feat so large-scale repositories of digital books seem a more realistic and immediate prospect than ever before. Google has also galvanized its competitors, both public and private to redouble their efforts, and
27、has placed a question mark over the future of libraries and librarians. “I think Google is in a class by itself because of the quantity of money and the level of centralization,“ says Daniel Greenstein, librarian of the California Digital Library in Oakland, California. “Google has paved the way, cr
28、eated the appetite for this kind of activity, and anxiety on the part of libraries and publishers.“ Out with the old But Michael Gorman, president of the American Library Association, says he is not worried that libraries could become obsolete. As well as providing access to books, they serve as a p
29、lace for people to meet and study, he says. And librarians expertise in information management will still be needed. “We are not worried about our own jobs,“ agrees Dennis Dillon, associate director of the research services division of the University of Texas libraries at Austin. “The job is changin
30、g, which makes it even more fulfilling than it was before.“ But Gorman is worried that over-reliance on digital texts could change the way people read and not for the better. He calls it the “atomization of knowledge“. Google searches retrieve snippets and Gorman worries that people who confine thei
31、r reading to these short paragraphs could miss out on the deeper understanding that can be conveyed by longer, narrative prose. Dillon agrees that people use e-books in the same way that they use web pages: dipping in and out of the content. （分数：71.00）(1).Chavan was an archeologist responsible for u
32、nearthing ancient books.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).In 2004, Google Company announced plans to scan millions of books from five major libraries.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The significance of digitization of books lies in the transformation of the worlds of publishers, librarians, authors, etc.（分数：7.10）A.YB.N
33、C.NG(4).Google Company is facing possible legal accusation of copyright by authors and publishers.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Declaration of Independence was the first document to be digitalized on the night of_.（分数：7.10）_(6).The founder of Project Gutenberg works for the projects_.（分数：7.10）_(7).Million
34、Book Projects scanning is carried out in_ and_.（分数：7.10）_(8).Amazon puts searchable digital data from mostly_.（分数：7.10）_(9).New books to be viewed online can_ print sales.（分数：7.10）_(10).Michael Gorman thinks that libraries_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The woman will be jobless.
35、B.The woman will take an job interview.C.The woman will work in the foreign language department.D.The woman will work in her parents company.A.He is going to join in the game.B.He is going to Washington and Los Angeles.C.He wants to watch the football game.D.He doesnt care to miss the game.A.He is r
36、owing a boat with the woman now.B.He is ashamed of being poor.C.He cant afford to buy expensive things.D.He has the same hope.A.His friends are very tall.B.His luck has been bad.C.Hes looking for a new job.D.He has everything he needs.A.Tomatoes are more nutritious than eggs.B.The eggs are next to t
37、he tomatoes.C.Most healthy food stores sell tomatoes and eggs.D.Tomatoes and eggs are delicious.A.He suggests the woman buy a new bicycle.B.He suggests lending his own bicycle to the woman.C.He suggests the woman have her bicycle repaired.D.He suggests the woman repair the brakes.A.He thinks its too
38、 high.B.He thinks its very low.C.He thinks it could be lower.D.He thinks its neither low nor high.A.He doesnt care for childrens programs.B.He regrets missing the program.C.He has already seen it.D.He enjoys the program.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.A lecture in their American literature course.B.A f
39、ilm about the American frontier.C.A book they both read.D.The womans recent trip to the American Midwest.A.Boston schools.B.Frontier life.C.Teaching requirements.D.Immigration patterns.A.She was a famous author.B.Her family later became famous landowners.C.She exemplifies the immigrant spirit.D.She
40、invented some labor-saving farm equipment.A.To the library.B.To the movies.C.To a bookstore.D.To a travel bureau.A.Colleagues.B.Husband and Wife.C.Friends.D.Roommates.A.At noon.B.In the afternoon.C.In the evening.D.In the morning.A.Janet.B.Chris.C.Her husband.D.The man who called her in the evening.
41、五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.Early miners.B.Spanish explorers.C.African naturalists.D.Early industrialists.A.To work in mining operations.B.To carry scientific supplies.C.To cross the North American continent.D.To help cultivate the frontier.A.Burros are relatives of the horse.B.Burros can adapt eas
42、ily.C.Burros are common farm annals.D.There are many burros in the United States.A.They often go for walks at a leisurely pace.B.They usually have a specific purpose in mind.C.They like the seaside more than the countryside.D.They seldom plan their leisure activities in advance.A.Their hardworking s
43、pirit.B.Their patience in waiting for theatre tickets.C.Their delight in leisure activities.D.Their enthusiasm for the arts.A.The Polish people can now spend their leisure time in various ways.B.The Polish people are fond of walking leisurely in the countryside.C.The Polish people enjoy picking wild
44、 fruit in their leisure time.D.The Polish people like to spend their holidays abroad.A.The situation.B.The solution.C.The recommendation.D.The office building.A.Because they had to wait for a long time by the lift.B.Because they were bored for nothing to do but standing by the lift.C.Because the lif
45、t was slow.D.Because there were not enough lifts in the building.A.The problem of lacking a mirror.B.The problem of lacking a decoration for the lift.C.A psychological problem.D.A material problem.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In addition to exercising regularly, eating a good breakfast is considered b
46、y many health experts to be a (36) 1part of a successful way of reduction plan. After a night of (37) 2the body needs to be replenished with nutrient in order to maintain a high level of energy (38) 3. Several nutritionists suggest that s should (39) 4to one-third of their daily calories at breakfas
47、t time. These calories should be in the form of balanced meal of (40) 5food. A balanced meal consists of five key elements: Proteins, Carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and (41) 6, people who re dieting need a variety of foods to assure a (42) 7 supply of nutrients their bodies need. If a well-balanced diet is not followed, the (43) 8may become sleepy, nervous, or (44) 9. If a poor diet is (45) 10for a long period of time, the s may become vitamin deficient
