1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 193及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Section C（分数：10.00）_People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. Its not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and anoth
2、er is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of t
3、hought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature/nurture“. Those who support the “nature“ side of the c
4、onflict believe, that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factor. That our environment has little, if anything to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our b
5、ehavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Proponents of the “nurture“ theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act B
6、ehaviorists see humans as being whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. The social and political implications of th
7、ese two theories are profound In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test This leads some “nature“ proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically interior to whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to t
8、he fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that white enjoy, and that, as a result they do not develop the same responses that whites do. Neither of these theories Can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key
9、 to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain（分数：10.00）(1).The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem_.（分数：2.00）A.why ones behaviors differ from othersB.what makes different stages of intelligenceC.how social s
10、cientists form different theoriesD.what causes the “nature/nurture“ controversy(2).The word “proponents“(Line 4, Para. 2)can best be replaced by _.（分数：2.00）A.approachesB.advocatesC.principlesD.characters(3).Which of the following statements may be supported by the “nature“ school?（分数：2.00）A.We are b
11、orn with certain personalities and behaviors.B.Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.C.Abilities and characteristics are revealed by behaviors.D.Only extreme behaviors are determined by instinct(4).What can we learn about the behaviorists?（分数：2.00）A.They believe human beings are mecha
12、nical.B.They compare our behaviors to the machines.C.They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.D.They uphold that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.(5).The “nature“ theorists believe that the blacks low scores _.（分数：2.00）A.are the result of the educational di
13、sadvantagesB.are a manifestation of the blacks poor intelligenceC.have nothing to do with their true intelligenceD.have nothing to do with factors other than heredityDepending on which player you ask, the “Fevernova“ ball that sports equipment maker Adidas says provides the ultimate soccer experienc
14、e is uncontrollable, too big or just simply “stupid“. The ball also has its fans, like Englands David Beckham, but so far they seem to have been outnumbered by critics. Adidas says the ball, splashed with gold coloring, is quite simply the best around25 percent more accurate than the ball used at Fr
15、ance 98 thanks to meticulous testing by scientists in Germany. The tongue-twisting nature of its contents confirms that the World Cup ball has come a long way from the leather-and-laces variety that was common as recently as the 1960s. The Fevernovas secret, Adidas says, is its radically improved Sy
16、ntactic foam and unique knitted Raschel fabric. Given that this is supposed to make the ball faster and provide the free-kick specialists like Beckham with more power, it may not be surprising that goalkeepers like Buffon are unhappy. Spain goalkeeper Pedro Contreras said the ball acts “strangely“,
17、while Danish keeper Thomas Sorensen admitted gloomily that it would probably result in more spectacular goals. “As a goalkeeper, you have to live with the fact that the makers create balls for the benefit of strikers,“ he said before leaving Copenhagen for South Korea. But outfield players have also
18、 weighed in with criticism, many saying the ball is too light and therefore hard to control. “Its big and its too light,“ Japans Jiji news agency quoted Brazilian forward Edilson as saying earlier this month, while striker Rivaldo said it soared too far when kicked. Journalists at the main press cen
19、tre in Yokohama have been given the chance to try out the Fevernova from the penalty spot, with the aim of hitting special targets in the goal. So far, few have been able to score more than five out of ten, although this may have little to do with the quality of the ball. Putz admits that the ball i
20、s on the light side of FIFAs 420 to 445 gram weight requirement, but says it is no bigger than previous balls. The controversy over the ball also has an off-pitch dimension. Industry insiders say it may be no coincidence that players from Brazil, sponsored by Adidas rival Nike, have been among the b
21、alls most vociferous critics. The same might go for the praise dished out for the ball by Beckham, one of the main players used to promote Adidas equipment.（分数：10.00）(1).How does Adidas describe the “Fevernova“ ball?（分数：2.00）A.The experience provided by the ball is the best so far.B.The ball is almo
22、st impossible to control because of its large size.C.The ball has gone through a long way of development.D.The experience provided by the ball is most welcome by strikers.(2).What does the author think about the Syntactic foam and unique Raschel fabric that are used to make the ball?（分数：2.00）A.The m
23、aterials have long been used in history.B.The materials do not sound familiar.C.The materials are new and advanced.D.The materials improve the precision of the ball.(3).The goalkeepers tend to admit reluctantly that_.（分数：2.00）A.the ball is too strange to controlB.the ball is so light that it goes to
24、o fastC.the ball may make the game more thrillingD.the ball may help to enhance the strikers skills(4).Which of the following is true according to Putz?（分数：2.00）A.The ball is lighter than but of the same size as the previous ones.B.The ball should have been heavier to meet the required weight.C.The
25、ball should have been bigger than the previous ones.D.The ball is light but still meets the weight requirement.(5).According to industry insiders, Beckhams comment on the ball _.（分数：2.00）A.is justified in his daily trainingB.is out of commercial purposeC.goes as radical as the Brazilian playersD.is
26、similar to that by the Brazilian playersIn department stores and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing because they come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors. But they are ultimately the biggest deception that exists in the fashion indu
27、stry today. What are they? They are high heelsa womans worst enemy(whether she knows it or not). High heel shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they are more beautiful or sophisticated for wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed in posing short
28、as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world from unnecessary physical and psychological suffering. For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are exc
29、ellent for aerating(使通气)lawns. Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass knows what I am talking about A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies eliminates all need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy ch
30、unks of dirt lying around. Second, heels are quite functional for defense against oncoming enemies, who can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair of these sharp, deadly fashion accessories. Regardless of such practical uses for heels, the fact remains that wearing high heels is harmf
31、ul to ones physical health. Talk to any podiatrist(足病医生), and you will hear that the majority of their business comes from high-heel-wearing women. High heels are known to cause problems such as deformed feet and torn toenails The risk of severe back problems and twisted or broken ankles is three ti
32、mes higher for a high heel wearer than for a flat shoe wearer. Wearing heels also creates the threat of getting a heel caught in a sidewalk crack or a sewer-grate(阴沟栅)and being thrown to the groundpossibly breaking a nose, back, or neck. And of course, after wearing heels for a day, any woman knows
33、she can look forward to a night of pain as she tries to comfort her swollen, aching feet.（分数：10.00）(1).What makes women blind to the deceptive nature of high heels?（分数：2.00）A.The multi-functional use of high heels.B.Their attempt to show off their status.C.The rich variety of high heel styles.D.Thei
34、r wish to improve their appearance.(2).The authors presentation of the positive side of high heels is meant _.（分数：2.00）A.to be ironicB.to poke fun at womenC.to be fair to the fashion industryD.to make his point convincing(3).The author uses the expression “those babies“(Line 3, Para. 2)to refer to h
35、igh heels _.（分数：2.00）A.to show their fragile characteristicsB.to indicate their feminine featuresC.to show womens affection for themD.to emphasize their small size(4).The authors chief argument against high heels is that _.（分数：2.00）A.they pose a threat to lawnsB.they are injurious to womens healthC.
36、they dont necessarily make women beautifulD.they are ineffective as a weapon of defense(5).It can be inferred from the passage that women should _.（分数：2.00）A.see through the very nature of fashion mythsB.boycott the products of the fashion industryC.go to a podiatrist regularly for adviceD.avoid fol
37、lowing fashion too closelyOffice workers who would normally step into a pub or gym to cope with the stress of a working day are being invited instead to sit in front of a painting. Manchester Art Gallery has recruited two of the countrys leading experts in stress management to choose pictures that a
38、re guaranteed to leave even the most frantic feeling at ease with the world. They have created the “tranquility tour“ which allows city-centre workers to spend their lunch hour taking a soothing tour of what are described as “some of the most relaxing and inspiring paintings ever committed to canvas
39、“. The free tour takes the visitor through several centuries of painting, from the Victorian aesthetic movement, through the Pre-Raphaelite school, to modern abstract art. Kim Gowland, a gallery executive, said: “Looking at art is a stress-relieving activity. What we are trying to do is encourage pe
40、ople who work in the city to spend half an hour of their lunchbreak in the gallery, to chill out rather than rush around the shops.“ The five works chosen by Andrew Loukes, the gallerys manager, are: John Roddam Spencer Stanhopes The Waters of Lethe(1880), Turners Thomsons Aeolian Harp(1809), Sir Jo
41、hn Everett Millaiss Autumn Leaves(1856), James Durdens Summer in Cumberland(1925)and Bridget Rileys Zephyr(1976). Mr. Loukes said: “We chose five pictures that suggest restfulness. We also wanted to display the breadth of the collection. We are particularly strong in early-19th and early-20th-centur
42、y British art.“ Their therapeutic powers have been endorsed by Olga Gregson and Terry Looker from the Department of Biological Sciences at Manchester Metropolitan University. Dr. Gregson said that “research shows that stress levels have reduced and moods changed for the better“ when subjects looked
43、at paintings. “Although art appreciation is very much a matter of personal choice, it is true that some works of art appeal to almost everyone, and that some paintings have qualities that can induce relaxation in most people,“ Dr. Gregson said. “Great painters such as Leonardo da Vinci were masters
44、of techniques that could evoke particular responses in the viewer.“ Dr. Gregson said the gallery represented an “oasis of calm“. “You have got this wonderful opportunity to evoke a different kind of psychophysiological response.“（分数：10.00）(1).What is done by the Manchester Art Gallery is intended to
45、 _.（分数：2.00）A.find out the relation between paintings and stress-easingB.promote its magnificent collection of British artC.reduce working peoples stress levels by art appreciationD.provide an alternative of pastime for consumers(2).The tour is named “tranquility tour“ because _.（分数：2.00）A.it is exp
46、ected to play a soothing roleB.it displays paintings through centuriesC.it comprises paintings of various stylesD.it only takes a half hour around lunch time(3).What does Kim Gowland points out about city-center workers?（分数：2.00）A.They are pressed by family burden as well as their careers.B.They lik
47、e going shopping during their short lunchbreak.C.They shouldnt rush around the gallery while looking at art.D.Looking at art is much better than going to pubs or gyms.(4).According to the author, the paintings impact on relieving stress is_.（分数：2.00）A.based on personal experiencesB.varied from peopl
48、e to peopleC.in need of further studyD.scientifically proven(5).It is indicated by Dr. Gregson that da Vincis paintings can_.（分数：2.00）A.suggest restfulnessB.arouse diverse feelingsC.capture almost everyoneD.ease stress in most people大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 193答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Section C（分数：10.00）_解析：People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and
