1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）-试卷 200 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Dining Out in a Fast Food Restaurant following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no
2、 more than 180 words.1快餐行业目前的形势。2快餐在中国流行的原因。3快餐行业在中国的前景。（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：12，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.15 schools have started social studies.B.15 schools have used digital textbooks.C.Students are ready to use electronic resources.D.Digital textbook
3、s are used for social studies.A.$1 million.B.$2 million.C.$3 million.D.$4 million.A.To reduce the number of pilots on duty.B.To prevent pilots from working overtime.C.To ensure an adequate amount of sleep.D.To fix the amount of work for each pilot.A.They had only covered cargo plane pilots.B.They ha
4、d failed to cover all the pilots.C.They would be put into effect in two years.D.They would be too costly if carried out.A.Slapping their children in the face or head.B.Spanking.C.Beating their children with a closed fist.D.Threatening to lock their children outside.A.India.B.The Philippines.C.Egypt.
5、D.Not mentioned.A.To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B.To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C.To analyze child behavior across countries.D.To investigate ways of physical punishment.5.Section B_A.At home.B.In the office.C.In a computer store.D.In a bar.A.Chicago.B.Hong Kong.C.S
6、an Francisco.D.Illinois.A.Stay at home.B.Attend a computer course.C.Celebrate his mother s birthday.D.Go to San Francisco.A.World Wide Web is the Internet.B.The first thing the man did when he got up was to turn on the computer.C.Today is the birthday of the mans mother.D.The woman is not good at co
7、mputer.A.How to deal with the aggravating people.B.How to deal with bosses.C.How to manage the subordinates.D.How to change yourself.A.In the office.B.At home.C.In a library.D.In a book store.A.It is easier to change others than change yourself.B.What is a most common annoying type of boss like.C.Ho
8、w to keep a relationship with your co-workers.D.Stop complain and do something.A.She is interested in this book.B.She is the author of this book.C.She is an expert in this field.D.She is a great boss.6.Section C_A.They give out faint cries.B.They make noises to drive away insects.C.They extend their
9、 water pipes.D.They become elastic like rubber bands.A.Quiet plants.B.Well-watered plants.C.Healthy plants.D.Thirsty plants.A.They could drive the insects away.B.They could keep the plants well-watered.C.They could make the plants grow fester.D.They could build devices to trap insects.A.Teachers and
10、 peers at school.B.Adults and friends around them.C.Parents and grandparents at home.D.Adults and peers who are important to the child.A.His physical appearance.B.His intelligence in study.C.His performance at school.D.His perceptions of others attitude toward him.A.Families and communities.B.Ethnic
11、 and cultural groups.C.Stereotype, prejudice and discrimination.D.All of the above.A.Teachers there do more work for less pay than public schools.B.Students may evaluate their teachers.C.Tuition is free.D.Schools offer practical training.A.No more than 8 months.B.About 6 to 12 months.C.More than one
12、 year.D.4 years.A.Physics.B.Painting and crafts.C.Business and technical skills.D.Speech.A.Teachers come from all over the world.B.Getting a good job is the primary aim of education.C.New ideas are seldom adopted in teaching.D.Theoretical rather than applied knowledge is emphasized.三、Reading Compreh
13、ensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_Every human being has a unique arrangement of the skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the 1of finger-prints and discovered that no 2similar pattern is passed on from parents to
14、children,though nobody knows why this is the case. The ridge 3on a person s fingers does not change with growth and is not affected by surface injuries. Burns, cuts and other damage to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by new one which bears a reproduction of the 4pattern. It is on
15、ly when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be 5. Some criminals make use of this fact to 6their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to 7. Finger-prints can be made very easily with printers ink. They can be recorded easily. With special methods, 8can be achieved
16、successfully within a short time. Because of the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case. A 9man may deny a charge but this may be in vain. His finger-prints can prove who he is even if his 10has been changed by age or accident.A
17、)take B)uniqueness C)harmed D)identificationE)structure F)naturally G)exactly H)positionI)appearance J)original K)destroyed L)diminishM)doubtful N)remove O)suspected（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_Beauty and Body Image in the MediaA)Images
18、 of female bodies are everywhere. Womenand their body partssell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Women s magazines are full of articles urging that if they ca
19、n just lose those last twenty pounds, theyll have it allthe perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.B)Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are e
20、conomic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And it s no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to lose weight, for
21、 sure theyre all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Womens Health in its 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.C)The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clo
22、thes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion(U.S.)a year selling temporary weight loss(90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodi
23、es is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.D)The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight controlincluding fasti
24、ng, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative(泻药)abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Women s Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar. Sever
25、al studies, such as one conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled “Appearance Culture in 9-to-12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction,“ indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or
26、are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appea
27、rance in some way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, “Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight.“E)Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty
28、 are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver
29、and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea(慢性腹泻)and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel(which manufactures Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll. Still, the number of
30、real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to 450,000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder.F)Researchers report that womens magazines have ten and one-half ti
31、mes more ads and articles promoting weight loss than mens magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of womens magazines include at least one message about how to change a womans bodily appearanceby diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin
32、 body as a measure of a woman s worth. Canadian researcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters abou
33、t their bodies(“How about wearing a sack?), and 80 percent of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter.G)There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck(抵制，反抗)the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in
34、 their fashion pages and Chatelaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the worlds biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin models were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to
35、 standardize clothing sizes through using a unique process in which a laser beam is used to measure real life women s bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement.H)Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and
36、 Travis Dixon titled “A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Womens Magazines“ found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of color, overall white women were over-represented in mainstream women s magazines from 1999
37、to 2004.I)The barrage of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells “ordinary“ women that they are always in need of adjustmentand that the female body is an object to be perfected. Jean Kil-bourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real w
38、omens bodies have become invisible in the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industrys standards. Women learn to compare themselves to other women, and to compete with them for male attention. This f
39、ocus on beauty and desirability “effectively destroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate.“（分数：20.00）(1).The mass media has helped the development of cosmetic and diet industries.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Some film and television actresses even faint on the scene due to eating
40、too little.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Unhealthy eating habits in females are related to their being exposed to images of thin and young female bodies.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).A real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would eventually die from malnutrition.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).In 2003, Teen magazine reported that
41、 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old are on a diet, and more than 50% of them think they should lose weight.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).Too much concern with appearance makes it difficult to change such abnormal trend.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).According to some analysts, economic profits is the fundamental reas
42、on of imposing standards of beauty on women.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).The Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce opposes the trend by including full-sized women in their fashion pages for several years.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).At least one message about the methods of changing bodily appearance on more than three-quart
43、ers of the covers of womens magazines.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).For 6 years white women had been taking more space in mainstream women s magazines.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Section C_So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that wh
44、ich only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.“ Teaching and learni
45、ng are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scru
