1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 239及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of appeal calling for student participation in an aid-education project in Western areas following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180
2、words. 1市教委组织了一次西部支教的活动，学生会呼吁大学生积极参与 2活动的时间、要求及作用 A Call for Participation in an Aid-education Project Section A （ A） Half of Malawians live under the poverty line. （ B） Mobile phone charge more than half of Malawians income. （ C） Most Malawians couldnt afford their mobile phone charge. （ D） Half of
3、 Malawians are unemployed with no income. （ A） Because of the governments interference. （ B） Because of the high-level consumer-service. （ C） Because of lack of competition in the market. （ D） Because of the low income of consumers. （ A） They usually promote pre-Black Friday sales. （ B） They do noth
4、ing but just wait for the battle. （ C） They work hard to keep themselves happy. （ D） They open stores after Thanksgiving morning. （ A） Employ fewer staff. （ B） Keep customer wait longer. （ C） Pay attention to online sales. （ D） Charge more shipping fees. （ A） Parents are urged to get free sugar app
5、to check products. （ B） There are too many advertisements on free apps. （ C） Children should lose weight by taking more exercise. （ D） More parents prefer to choose outdoor activities for children. （ A） They consume too much sugar every year. （ B） They tend to choose healthier alternatives. （ C） The
6、y have a lot of potentials. （ D） They are influenced by advertisements. （ A） By blocking anonymous advertisements. （ B） By improving parents-children relationships. （ C） By reducing the purchases of food with sugar. （ D） By encouraging children to do more exercises. Section B （ A） A lot of preparati
7、on is needed before doing real climbing. （ B） Rock-climbing is not dangerous if you are strong enough. （ C） The man has chosen the class of rock-climbing. （ D） The man likes rock-climbing very much. （ A） Hi-tech safety equipment ensures ones safety. （ B） One is safe if he is very careful. （ C） There
8、 are safety equipments prepared on the ground. （ D） A lot of people do rock-climbing and they are OK. （ A） She can make a lot of friends. （ B） She can learn mental discipline. （ C） She can get more familiar with the man. （ D） She can lose weight. （ A） Take a climbing trip. （ B） Tell the woman once h
9、e has made a decision. （ C） Join the class. （ D） Join the class if the woman does. （ A） To ask for suggestions on family holiday. （ B） To complain about the holiday plan. （ C） To inquire about camping information. （ D） To discuss about the accommodation. （ A） He hasnt enough money to go where he wan
10、ts. （ B） He wants to visit many places. （ C） His family have different ideas. （ D） He doesnt know his likes and dislikes. （ A） He plans to buy a new apartment. （ B） He is longing to spend his holiday in France. （ C） He wants to go fishing during the holiday. （ D） He doesnt care how much money to spe
11、nd. （ A） Frame tent. （ B） Sleeping bags. （ C） A tin opener. （ D） Nothing at all. Section C （ A） Happy moods. （ B） Good memory. （ C） Proper reasoning. （ D） Some training. （ A） To improve old peoples memory and thinking ability. （ B） To test how long thinking skill lasts in trained older people. （ C）
12、To help old people do daily work. （ D） To examine how long a well-trained old people can live. （ A） Speed of finishing short training class. （ B） Speed of receiving and understanding information. （ C） Speed of learning memory and thinking skills. （ D） Speed of generating correct reasoning. （ A） They
13、 disappear after the training. （ B） They endure for five years. （ C） They last for a full ten years. （ D） They remain forever. （ A） Its strong currency. （ B） Its high cost of buying a car. （ C） Its beautiful environment. （ D） Its massive immigrants. （ A） Sydney. （ B） Paris. （ C） Tokyo. （ D） New York
14、 City. （ A） High renting fees. （ B） Costly traveling expenses. （ C） High costs of groceries. （ D） High costs of education. （ A） Those who seldom sleep. （ B） Those who seldom drink. （ C） Those who often smoke. （ D） Those who often eat junk food. （ A） No smoking or drinking guarantees happiness. （ B）
15、Kids with happy characters are less inclined to drink. （ C） Unhappy kids are more likely to be less healthy. （ D） Eating junk food worsens kids health. （ A） Eating fruits. （ B） Making friends. （ C） Drinking alcohol. （ D） Doing exercise. Section A 26 Dont let vacations or business travel sideline (使退
16、出 ) your exercise routine. Physical activity is a great way to【 C1】 _stress and adjust to a new time zone when youre traveling. Heres how to get the most out of it: Find fitness-friendly【 C2】 _. Call ahead to make sure your hotel or motel has a good fitness facility or at least a place where youll f
17、eel safe and【 C3】 _going for a walk. Take【 C4】 _of the local attractions. Many places offer their own【 C5】_exercise opportunities trails through beautiful parks or forests, beach walks, boat rides on the lake, bike rides out of town. Check the travel【 C6】 _of your bookstore or look on-line for infor
18、mation before you travel. Be sure to bring along what youll need. Walking shoes, gym shorts, a T-shirt, resistance bands make a checklist of all the things youll need while youre away and make sure to【 C7】 _it all. Use every opportunity. Too busy to set aside a block of time for【 C8】 _? Look for eve
19、ry opportunity you can to be active. Book a room on the third floor and take the stairs. Walk whenever you canbetween meetings, while youre waiting at the airport, on your way from here to there. Be【 C9】 _. If youre on a busy business trip, dont add to the stress by trying to do too much. Spending【
20、C10】 _15 minutes on refreshing walking, along with climbing a few flights of stairs instead of taking the elevator, should hold you until you get home again and back to your regular routine. A) accommodations E) equipment I) pack M) section B) activity F) identically J) potential N) sketch C) advant
21、age G) merely K) realistic O) unique D) enjoyable H) oppose L) relieve 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Worried about prescription drugs? How to weigh your risk? A When the pain reliever Vioxx was withdrawn from the worldwide mar
22、ket last September after the announcement that it increased patients risk of heart attacks and strokes, millions panicked. Suddenly, ads for the drug were replaced with ads looking for Vioxx “victims“. Not only did patients stop taking Vioxx but, doctors say, many people stopped taking their other m
23、edicines, too sometimes putting their health at serious risk. The sometimes-sensationalized headlines didnt help. People wondered. Should I trust my doctors? Could what I thought would help me actually kill me? Is the drug safety system broken? B Americans have somehow come to believe they should ge
24、t the best medical care with the latest remedies with no side effects. But there is no drug that doesnt have side effects. Peter Corr, head of worldwide research and development for drug manufacturer Pfizer says, “As a society we expect medicine to be perfect. There is no such thing. There is always
25、 a risk.“ C Since there is no such thing as a pill that is completely safe, including aspirin, consumers have to accept the dichotomy (一分为二 ) that the same medicines that extend and enhance our lives may hurt us: some of them may merely have minor side effects, while others are able to cause death.
26、So how should you and your doctor proceed? 1. Weigh the risks and benefits of any drug. D As a smart consumer you must decide whether a drug is “safe enough“ for you. The greater the benefit, the more risk you may be willing to take. If your illness is mild and not very bothersome, you may decide th
27、at any risk is too big and opt against taking any medications at all. On the contrary, if your illness is serious or potentially life threatening, you may even be willing to try an experimental drug with greater risk for serious side effects. E Zena McAdams, 59, a regional clergyman in Macon, Georgi
28、a, has lived with a condition that causes chronic pain for many years. For a long time she took OTC ibuprofen (布洛芬 , 一种镇痛非处方药 ), “I mean lots of it,“ she says. In the spring of 2001, her doctor prescribed Vioxx. Taken only once a day, it was “remarkable,“ she says. “I took it every day till it was t
29、aken off the market.“ F After speaking to her doctor, she switched to Celebrex last October. It was also effective in controlling the aches and pains associated with her condition until she heard concerns that it, too, had serious potential side effects. She talked to her doctor, weighed the risks v
30、ersus the benefits and decided that her quality of life was most important. “There is always that nasty feeling about safety,“ she says, “but there is no reason to think that I have any heart problems. The benefits at this point in my life certainly outweigh the risks. The drug works. It eases the p
31、ain.“ 2. Be especially cautious about new drugs. G New drugs are inherently risky. So if youre taking one, monitor yourself carefully. Have your eating and digestive habits changed? Are you feeling unusually tired or agitated (焦虑不安的 )? Have your breathing patterns or skin color changed? If so, call
32、your doctor immediately, who may tell you to stop taking the drug. How does a consumer know that a drug is new? Ask your doctor or pharmacist (药剂师 ). If you have a choice between two or more equally effective drugs, choose the one with a longer track record of safety. If you are taking a drug in the
33、 same class as one that has been recalled, it is careful to ask your doctor if that drug places you at greater risks. 3. Know if youre in a high-risk group. H Although scientists still dont know precisely why, certain individuals have bad reactions to a drug or to a particular dose of a drug, while
34、others dont. Men metabolize (新陈代谢 ) drugs differently than women do, for example. Be especially watchful if you are very young, very old or pregnant. Drugs usually arent tested on these groups. “I worry the most about the elderly,“ says Avorn. “They are vastly under-represented in trials of drugs, y
35、et they are the most likely to be taking the drugs when they are approved.“ 4. Ask the right questions. I When you get a new prescription, never leave the doctors surgery without a clear understanding of why youre taking the drug, how to take it, and how youll know if its working. Even if it makes y
36、ou a bit uncomfortable, ask. You are responsible for your own health and safety. “If the doctor doesnt want to answer questions, you should probably find another doctor,“ says Avorn. After your visit, if you still have questions, call or e-mail the doctor. Use your pharmacist as an expert consultant
37、 for any additional concerns you have about the drug or its side effects. J You can ask the pharmacist for the professional package insert for the drug, says Corr. Although its written for health care providers, it includes information on clinical trials and side effects. Also, if theres been a labe
38、l change, with new information about the drug or any warnings, it will be part of the PPI (保险证明 ). Or request more consumer-friendly information, which should tell you how to use the drug properly and warn of any precautions. You can also call the drug companys toll-free number for more information,
39、 or go to its website. 5. Be informed, and follow directions carefully. K Check that the pills you receive are the correct ones. Errors crop up in the dispensing of medications: Its easy to confuse products with similar names (for example, Zantac and Xanax). Read the instructions and take your pills
40、 exactly as prescribed. Be alert for expiration dates, and stay attentive to recalls and warnings. Tell your doctor about any other medications you take, either prescribed or OTC (over the counter). Drug interactions can cause serious problems. For example, Posicor, an antihypertensive drug (治疗高血压的药
41、 ), was taken off the market because it could cause blood pressure to drop sharply when used with other heart medications. If you fill all your prescriptions at the same store, the pharmacist may be able to warn you of known interactions. L It is vitally important that patients and their doctors pro
42、vide feedback to manufacturers and regulators if they have any suspicion of a problem. Then these signals will be known and can be analyzed to see if they are more widespread, which could save lives. 37 Among drugs with equal effect, you should choose the one with a longer safety record. 38 Informat
43、ion on clinical trials and side effects of a drug can be found in its professional package insert. 39 When Posicor is used with other heart medications, it may lead to sharp drop of blood pressure. 40 Patients with a minor illness are the least likely to try drugs with serious side effects. 41 If pa
44、tients and doctors can provide appropriate feedback to drug manufacturers, many lives could be saved. 42 Avorn worries about the elderly most because they usually arent included in the trials of new drugs. 43 Drugs with similar names may result in errors of medication dispensing. 44 According to Pet
45、er Corr, every drug has certain kind of side effects. 45 For many years, Zena McAdams had to take medicines to control chronic pain. 46 It is suggested that we should change the doctor if he/she doesnt want to answer the questions about drug usage. Section C 46 Girls think they are cleverer, more su
46、ccessful and harder working than boys from as young as four, a study has found. Boys come round to this view by the age of seven or eight and assume that girls will outperform them at school and behave better in lessons, research from the University of Kent shows. The study Gender Expectations and S
47、tereotype Threat argues that teachers have lower expectations of boys than of girls and this belief fulfils itself throughout primary and secondary school. Girls performance at school may be boosted by what they perceive to be their teachers belief that they will achieve higher results and be more c
48、onscientious (勤奋的 ) than boys, the academics claim. Boys may underachieve because they pick up on teachers assumptions that they will obtain lower results than girls and have less drive. “By seven or eight years old, children of both genders believe that boys are less focused, able and successful th
49、an girls and think that adults endorse (认可 ) this stereotype,“ the academic Bonny Hartley said. “There are signs that these expectations have the potential to become self-fulfilling in influencing childrens actual conduct and achievement.“ Hartley said that while it was unacceptable to divide classes by the race of their pupils, this was not the case for gender. “In this way, it is widely acceptable to pitch the boys against the girls or harmlessly div
