1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 144（无答案）一、Part I Writing1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of appeal calling for student participation in an aid-education project in Western, areas following the outline given below. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 wor
2、ds.1市教委组织了一次西部支教的活动，学生会呼吁大学生积极参与2活动的时间、要求及作用Section A（A）The woman has looked for Harry Potter in several bookstores.（B） The woman has found Harry Potter in another bookstore.（C） There is no Harry Potter in other bookstores yet.（D）Harry Potter may be found in other bookstores.（A）A waitress.（B） A cash
3、ier.（C） A security.（D）A secretary.（A）He wants to pay.（B） He doesnt want to eat out.（C） He wants to eat somewhere else.（D）He doesnt like Japanese food.（A）At a publishing house.（B） At a bookstore.（C） At a supermarket.（D）In Professor Jordans office.（A）Check the timetable.（B） Set off earlier.（C） Get on
4、a later flight.（D）Cancel the trip.（A）The smiling faces.（B） The big sunshine.（C） The unhappy residents.（D）The weather.（A）Romantic stories.（B） Books in the library.（C） Love stories.（D）Detective stories.（A）The man didnt want the woman to have her hair cut.（B） The woman followed the mans advice.（C） The
5、woman is wearing long hair now.（D）The man didnt care if the woman had her hair cut.（A）Supportive.（B） Opposed.（C） Pessimistic.（D）Neutral.（A）It has no difference from other cells.（B） It can only become a certain type of cell.（C） It cant become a kidney cell.（D）It maintains and repairs the body.（A）They
6、 dont know about the benefits of the research.（B） The research goes against their religious beliefs.（C） The research costs too much money.（D）They insist that the research is against nature.（A）It uses new technology.（B） It is installed with a robot.（C） It is as clever as human.（D）It can talk with peo
7、ple.（A）He does the work of making maps.（B） He is reliable on giving directions.（C） He is a Geographic specialist.（D）He knows more than a computerized map.（A）They will tell drivers the accident on the road ahead.（B） They will remind drivers if there is only a little oil left.（C） They will help driver
8、s sheer off in the opposite direction.（D）They will give an alarm if drivers get too close to other cars.（A）He couldnt find the way.（B） His car ran out of oil.（C） He came at rush hour.（D）His watch was slow.Section B（A）Resolve tough social and economic problems.（B） Raise the major international challe
9、nges.（C） Collect different world views together.（D）Encourage people to seek happiness.（A）It will help to look at the role of governments in culture.（B） It will create a new platform to protect environment.（C） It will help society to develop and grow.（D）It will solve the pressing economic, social and
10、 environmental issues.（A）Think about how to connect people around the world.（B） To attract large number of international talent together.（C） Discuss how cultural policy can be enriched.（D）To share ideas of tackling cultural problems.（A）It is organized by Scotlands government.（B） It strengthens frien
11、dships among nations（C） It may be the greatest cultural festival.（D）It is a unique gathering in the world.（A）How to paint something.（B） Who the painter Grand Wood was.（C） Why a painting is popular.（D）Simple farmers living in America.（A）Because the design was too strong.（B） Because the painting looke
12、d like a photograph.（C） Because the painting was too simple.（D）Because the painting seemed to laugh at farmers.（A）The painting was making fun of people.（B） The painting was a symbol of the US.（C） The painting expressed an understanding of people.（D）The painting showed the strength of American farmer
13、s.（A）All languages have equal values.（B） Some languages need more efforts to learn.（C） Some languages are certainly more important.（D）English is the most important language worldwide.（A）They predominate the English world.（B） They are unable to adapt to the competitive world.（C） They invest more time
14、 in learning a foreign language.（D）They may face a depressing economic future.（A）To do business effectively.（B） To meet others requirement.（C） To improve linguistic skills.（D）To promote proficiency in English.Section C26 A degree from a college or university is often a key that opens doors of【B1】_do
15、ors to a better job and a better life. Without a college degree, many jobs are simply not【B2 】_.Just as the name states, community colleges are local. So, they are easy to get to. Suppose you are 【B3】_ attending college in the United States. But perhaps you might not be ready for a university with a
16、 four-year program. About 88,000 international students have found a【B4】_. They are attending US community colleges. Such colleges are sometimes called【B5】_ colleges. They offer two years of education above the secondary, or high school level.At the end of their study program, they receive a documen
17、t of【B6】_called a certificate. Other students work toward an associate degree in traditional【B7】_subjects like science or history. Some students with associate degrees【B8 】_to attend a four-year college or university. They have only two years of study left before they receive a bachelors degree.Many
18、【B9】_experts agree that saving money is a good reason to consider a community college. The American Association of Community Colleges says a public two-year college【B10】_an average of $3,000 a year. A student at a four-year public college may pay more than $8,500 a year for classes and user fees.27
19、【B1 】28 【B2 】29 【B3 】30 【B4 】31 【B5 】32 【B6 】33 【B7 】34 【B8 】35 【B9 】36 【B10 】Section A36 If youre in charge of Christmas dinner, with all its interconnected tasks and challenges of timing when to preheat the oven, whether to put the potatoes in before the eggswhy not write down every【C1】_that needs
20、 doing, in order, then do them, checking them off as you go? That can be very helpful.The Checklist Manifesto, written by the journalist and doctor Atul Gawande, shows the importance of checklist when hospital doctors are【C2】_to tick off items on checklists as they carry out routine but critical pro
21、cedures. In one trial, the rate of infections from intravenous(静脉内的)drips fell from 11% of all patients to zero【C3】_because staff were compelled to work through a checklist of no-brainer items, such as【C4】_their hands. A more recent study, which included UK hospitals, suggested that wider use of che
22、cklists might【C5 】_40% of deaths during treatment.Unlike in medicine, the【C6】_uses of checklists in everyday lifea list for holiday packing, for instance, arent usually matters of life and death. The idea of making a checklist is so stupidly obvious that it seems impossible it could have so【C7】_an e
23、ffect. But the truth is that all life, not just medicine, is【C8】_complex; if highly trained intensive-care specialists can forget a【C9】_step, its sure that anyone might.Besides, the step-by-step structure of checklists can narrow your【C10】_to the next action. All you have to remember is to “do the n
24、ext right thing“. Then the next, and the next.A)potential B)required C)crucial D)subjectE)vast F)action G)washing H)preventI)simply J)increasingly K)focus L)normallyM)gradual N)request O)shaking37 【C1 】38 【C2 】39 【C3 】40 【C4 】41 【C5 】42 【C6 】43 【C7 】44 【C8 】45 【C9 】46 【C10 】Section B46 What Your iPa
25、d Knows About YouA)Youve finally finished the book your co-worker recommended, so what to read next? If it is 5 a.m., chances are that youre reaching for a romance novelespecially if youre in Texas or Georgia. By early morning, thrillers might start to look more appealing. And if Philip K. Dick is y
26、our favorite author, books about beer are probably more up your taste than anything about wine or liquor.B)These are some of the insights from Scribd Inc. and Oyster, two startups that offer unlimited e-book rentals for a monthly subscription fee. Scribd, Oyster and Entitle Bookswhich just launched
27、in Decemberare tracking reader behavior in hopes of figuring out recommendations of exactly what youll want to pick up next.C)About 50% of the U.S. population owns a dedicated e-reader, according to a Pew Research study released last month. In addition, 28% read an e-book last year, up from 23% the
28、previous year. The services are expanding. Scribd, a San Francisco-based site that started selling monthly e-book subscriptions last October, announced this month that its app is available on Amazons Kindle Fire and Kindle Paperwhite. After running exclusively on Apples operating system, New York-ba
29、sed Oyster plans to expand to Android later this year. And Entitle is considering adding an all-you-can-read feature to complement its current “book of the month“-style subscription service. Subscription services are popular because they “reduce the emotional burden“ of purchasing, says Julie Haddon
30、, Scribd vice president of marketing. Buying a book creates pressure to finish and get your moneys worth, she adds. In addition, people might try to save money by buying a cheaper book instead of the one they really want.D)Brian Konash, 34, who works at Web startup Squarespace in Manhattan, joined O
31、yster two months ago because it didnt cause the buyers sense of guilty he experienced when purchasing Kiridle e-books. “Youve already paid for the service, so you can read as much as you want,“ he says. “With other models, theres that little financial bite each time you want to buy a book and you wo
32、rry that its going to be worthless.“ Mr. Konash, who has been picking books based on the sites suggestions, predicts hell read up to 10 more books a year beyond his usual 25.E)An all-access subscription “lowers the activation energy for reading,“ says Oyster CEO Eric Stromberg. Reading often has a h
33、igh “activation energy“ because theres a time gap between wanting to read a book and then actually getting your hands on it, he says. “When you can order a book and instantly get it on your tablet, you can hear about the book and then read it right there,“ says Willem van Lancker, Oysters chief prod
34、uct officer.F)“From the publishing perspective, the biggest problem is how to get people to care about a new book,“ says Otis Chandler, CEO of Goodreads, a site where people share what theyre reading and post recommendations. Goodreads, which was acquired by Amazon in March, uses an algorithm(运算法则)t
35、hat recommends books that users with similar taste have enjoyed.G)Oyster and Scribd ask readers to rate books, what they call an “active signal.“ They also track “passive signals,“ such as the percentage of a book that a reader finishes and the click rate, or how many people who are shown a book cli
36、ck through to learn more. The companies use that information among other factors to recommend books. Active signals represent what we wish we read, while passive signals are more honest, says Jared Friedman, Scribd chief technology officer. A lot of people give a 5-star rating to “The Great Gatsby,“
37、 while they read greedily, but dont necessarily rate, thrillers like “The Da Vinci Code,“ for example.H)Other findings: Self-help might be a popular market, yet only about 20% of people who start such a book finish it. More than 80% of people who crack the pages of a mystery novel will find out who
38、did it. People read through biographies at 20 pages per hour, while they read at three times that speed for erotica(色情作品). And higher “acceleration factor“or how much readers speed up as they get closer to finishingcorrelates with higher average rating for a book. One of the highest acceleration fac
39、tors comes from Kurt Vonneguts “Cats Cradle,“ which readers start speeding through at the halfway mark, Mr. Friedman says. All three companies allow users to hide their reading behavior from other customers, but users cant opt out of their behavior being collected by the company itself. Entitle, how
40、ever, says it keeps track of browsing and download information only.I)Personalized recommendations drive 10 times more browsing traffic than lists based on themes such as “globe-trotting memoirs“ or “bad role models“ that copy racks at the front of bookstores, Scribds Mr. Friedman says. The company
41、is interested in combining algorithms with lists to create a list of best sellers that someone would, based on past reading behavior, find interesting. Another possible approach is to suggest different books or genres depending on time of day to take advantage of what the company knows about time-ba
42、sed preferences.J)The algorithm doesnt just analyze behavior signals, but “reads“ through a books text to pull out different topics, genres and subjects, says Bryan Batten, chief executive of Entitle. Theres also a patent-pending(申请专利中的)service called “if these books had a baby,“ where users can inp
43、ut two books and find a third with similar themes. For example, the “baby“ of Joseph Hellers “Catch-22“ and Leo Tolstoys “Anna Karenina“ is Fyodor Dostoevskys “The Brothers Karamazov“ but the product of “Catch-22“ and Steve Jobs biography is a book called “Dealers of Lightning,“ about engineers at X
44、erox Corp.K)Entitle operates on a tiered model: two books for $9.99 a month(the most popular plan), three for $14.99, and so on. For customers, the upside is being able to keep the e-books, even if they cancel the service. The services, of course, compete with the library. But libraries have had lim
45、ited e-book offerings and there are often waits for the books. Robert Wolven, co-chair of the American Library Associations Digital Content Working Group, says demand has increased significantly in the past 18 months. He says he doesnt see the startups as a threat.L)While libraries budget for e-book
46、s has been growing, licensing restrictions mean that popular titles often arent available, says Laura Girmscheid, research manager for the trade publication Library Journal, which recently released its fourth annual report on e-books in libraries. This, combined with holds on e-books, is the largest
47、 hurdle preventing people from using library e-books more. “Its just not convenient for instant access,“ Ms. Girmscheid says.47 Subscribers cant stop e-book provider from collecting information about their reading behavior.48 Due to the time gap between wanting to read a book and actually starting r
48、eading, people need high activation energy to read a paper book.49 The biggest problem for publication is how to raise readers interests in a new book.50 Passive signals, like click rates, are more honest indications of reading behavior.51 Some e-book rental websites track subscribers reading behavi
49、or so as to offer proper book recommendations.52 Subscribers of Entitle can keep e-books they have bought even after they cancel the service.53 Inconvenience for instant access to popular e-books prevents people from using library e-books.54 About four-fifth readers of self-help books fail to complete their reading.55 When purchasing paper books, people might give up the one they want and choose a cheaper one in order to save money.56 Pe
