1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 31（无答案）一、Part I Writing1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the chart and then express your views on the college students choice of reading materials. You should write at least 120 wo
2、rds but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1.Section A（A）Children should be taught to be more careful.（B） Children shouldnt drink so much orange juice.（C） There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.（D）Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.（A）Fitness training.（B
3、） The new job offer.（C） Computer programming.（D）Directorship of the club.（A）He needs to buy a new sweater.（B） He has got to save on fuel bills.（C） The fuel price has skyrocketed.（D）The heating system doesnt work.（A）Committing theft.（B） Taking pictures.（C） Window shopping.（D）Posing for the camera.（A）
4、She is taking some medicine.（B） She has not seen a doctor yet.（C） She does not trust the mans advice.（D）She has almost recovered from the cough.（A）Pamelas report is not finished as scheduled.（B） Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.（C） Pamela is not good at writing research papers.（D）Pamela
5、s mistakes could have been avoided.（A）In the left-luggage office.（B） At the hotel reception.（C） In a hotel room.（D）At an airport.（A）She was an excellent student at college.（B） She works in the entertainment business.（C） She is fond of telling stories in her speech.（D）She is good at conveying her mes
6、sage.（A）People can easily get scholarship.（B） People can know the news on campus.（C） People can make close friends.（D）People can share opinions with each other.（A）Because the dorm is too dirty.（B） Because life in the dorm is dull.（C） Because someone may bring friends there.（D）Because they often hold
7、 parties there.（A）He cant follow fashion in school.（B） He cant make any new friend.（C） He misses his friends sometimes.（D）He misses many funny things on campus.（A）Because she wants someone to drive her there.（B） Because she wants to know the mans friends.（C） Because she enjoys being with many people
8、.（D）Because she loves living on campus.（A）It should be held around the broad room table.（B） It offers a chance for family members to show opinions.（C） Its time should be decided by parents.（D）It is a time to show unhappy experiences.（A）How to express opinions and make decisions.（B） How to respect ot
9、her members in the family.（C） How to speak for themselves in a meeting.（D）How to make people follow their decisions.（A）Because they dont agree with each others opinions.（B） Because they offer compliments only to themselves.（C） Because they pay more attention to others mistakes.（D）Because they dont a
10、cknowledge their faults.Section B（A）Indicate our lifestyles and values.（B） Improve our communicative skills.（C） Cultivate our values.（D）Determine our lifestyles and values.（A）They cared little about clothing.（B） They had poor taste in clothing.（C） They were very conscious of clothing.（D）They were pr
11、oud of womens clothes.（A）They cared more about clothing than white-collar workers.（B） They were manipulated by white-collar workers.（C） They scoffed white-collar workers for their clothing.（D）They conformed to the accepted pattern of clothing.（A）Dressing patterns of workers.（B） Mans attitude towards
12、 dress.（C） The importance of clothing.（D）The styles of clothing.（A）American economy is influenced by climate change.（B） American industry is influenced by climate change.（C） American agriculture is influenced by climate change.（D）American environment is influenced by climate change.（A）There is more
13、rain in the West and Southwest.（B） More and more animals will survive the summers.（C） Meat products arent affected by temperature change.（D）Snow is melting on western mountains in advance.（A）Human activities contributed to the climate change.（B） Vehicle emissions led to global warming.（C） Greenhouse
14、 gas emissions would be reduced.（D）Global warming would continue in the future.（A）Providing electric power to the satellite dishes and computers.（B） Providing solar power to the satellite dishes and computers.（C） Providing advanced satellite dishes to connect the Internet.（D）Providing computer techn
15、ology to connect the Internet.（A）Students can surf the Internet at home.（B） Schools can develop more classes online.（C） People can get all kinds of information online.（D）People can work an extra shift at home.（A）Because they had overcome troubles to achieve some fruits in Africa.（B） Because they had
16、 invented new equipment to complete the project in Africa.（C） Because they had completed connecting the communities to the Web in Africa beforehand.（D）Because they had succeeded in helping the African people solve the network problems.Section C26 Disappointment, as uncomfortable and even painful as
17、it can be for us, is essential and important on our journey of growth. Making peace with disappointing others allows us to【 B1】_our erroneous demands for perfection. Letting go of our fear of being disappointed gives us the ability to take more【B2 】_and ask for what we truly want.When were able to e
18、mbrace disappointment, we create a sense of【B3】_and space that frees us up to be who we truly are and let go of our attachment with others opinions. This is not always easy, but is so powerful and can be【B4】_.Here are a few things you can consider and do to expand your capacity to【B5 】_disappointmen
19、t:First, take inventory(详细目录 ). Take【B6 】_at some of the most important relationships and activities in your life. How many of your actions, thoughts, conversations have to do with your【B7】_of disappointing others or being disappointed?Second, practice saying “no.“ This is a great practice, especial
20、ly for those “people pleasers“ who find saying “yes“ to stuff they dont really want to do. While there is great value in being someone who is【B8】_“yes“ in life, there is also power in owning our “no“ as well.Third, expand and express your desires. Make a list of some of the most important and【B9】_de
21、sires you currently havethe things you really want, but maybe have been【B10】_. When you allow yourself to express your authentic desires, you give yourself the freedom to ask, dream and create.27 【B1 】28 【B2 】29 【B3 】30 【B4 】31 【B5 】32 【B6 】33 【B7 】34 【B8 】35 【B9 】36 【B10 】Section A36 In the cause o
22、f equal rights, feminists(女权主义者)have had much to complain about. But one striking piece of inequality has been【C1】_: lifespan. In this area, women have the【C2】_hand. All round the world, they live longer than men. Why they should do so is not【C3】_obvious. But the same is true in many other【C4 】_From
23、 lions to antelope and from sea lions to deer, males, for some reason, simply cant go the distance.One theory is that males must【C5】_for female attention. Females are not subject to such pressure. If this theory is correct, the effect will be especially【C6】_in those varieties where males rival for t
24、he attention of lots of females. Conversely, it will be reduced or absent where they do not.That obviously takes its toll directly. But a more delicate effect may also be at work. Most scholars of ageing agree that an animals【C7】_lifespan is set by how long it can reasonably expect to escape predati
25、on(捕食), disease, accident and damaging【C8】_by others of its kind. If it will be killed quickly anyway, there is not much reason for evolution to divert scarce resources into keeping the machine in excellent condition. Those resources should, instead, be【C9】_to reproduction. And the more【C10】_the out
26、side world is, the shorter the lifespan should be.A)overlooked F)threatening K)spontaneousB)upper G)undoubtedly L)devotedC)aggression H)species M)combineD)immediately I)evident N)uprightE)clumsy J)compete O)maximum37 【C1 】38 【C2 】39 【C3 】40 【C4 】41 【C5 】42 【C6 】43 【C7 】44 【C8 】45 【C9 】46 【C10 】Secti
27、on B46 Preparing for More Expensive Degrees in EnglandA)Balancing a tight budget is one of the most difficult aspects of being a student. A recent survey from the European Council of Doctoral Candidates and Junior Researchers found that money issues are the most critical concerns for young researche
28、rs in Europe, ahead of working conditions, training, and supervision.B)Starting in 2012, money is likely to become an even more important concern for students as universities in England are allowed to charge undergraduates up to 9 000 per year in tuition fees as a way of dealing with government fund
29、ing cuts. Thats a nearly threefold increase from the current fees, which are capped at 3 375.C)The funding cuts are set to affect postgraduate education, too, with most English universities expected to increase postgraduate tuition to cover any remaining shortfall. Just how severe the changes will b
30、e for postgraduates is uncertain, but many experts advise caution. “All universities are trying to encourage students to think more seriously about how theyre going to manage,“ says Sheila King, financial support coordinator at Cardiff University in Wales. So, what do students need to know about the
31、 changes?Details and debtD)The details are complicated. Universities in Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales will be allowed to raise tuition to the same extent as in England, but in those places the new fees will apply only to students coming from the rest of the United Kingdom. For example, Scott
32、ish students do not currently pay tuition and will not be expected to do so after 2012unless they attend universities in England, Wales, or Northern Ireland.E)A further inequity is that under EU regulations, universities must charge students from the rest of the European Union the same amount as hom
33、e students. This means that fees for EU students will be heavily subsidized(补贴)by universities in Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales(but not England), while English students in these three countries will pay more than EU students attending the same universities.F)Whatever the tuition bill, full-t
34、ime undergraduates in England will have to either pay up front or apply for a loan from the government, which they need not begin paying back until they have completed their degree and are earning more than 21 000 per year. Full-time undergraduates can apply, in addition, for a maintenance loan to c
35、ontribute to accommodation, food, and travel costs. Part-time students will be able to apply for a tuition loan but not a maintenance loan.G)The main concern of career advisers and student-support workers is the substantial debt that most students in England will face after graduation. For a standar
36、d 3-year degree charged at 9 000 per yearscience courses are among the most expensive to runthe average debt from student loans, including maintenance, is expected to be around 43 000. The British Medical Association estimates that medical students could graduate more than 70 000 in debt.The benefit
37、s of part-time workH)One way of dealing with the new financial burden would be to work part time. According to the 2010 Sodexo University Lifestyle Survey, more than one-quarter of all undergraduate students in the United Kingdom worked part time during their studies that yeara percentage that is no
38、w expected to rise. For those doing a second undergraduate degree, a job may be the only option, as they will not be eligible for government loans.I)Juggling part-time work and studies can be toughbut a job or paid internship can have benefits beyond the financial. “There is a recognition and a dema
39、nd for students to be as employable as possible when they finish their degree, and part of that is gaining relevant work experience,“ King says. “My internships helped me during my masters as I had already had 3 months of experience using different equipment and writing a lab book,“ says Mike Stock,
40、 who began a Ph. D. in geology this year after doing internships with the Atomic Weapons Establishment, the international oil and natural gas company Petro-Canada, and a research assistantship at the University of Southampton. Planning for postgraduate studiesJ)Ongoing uncertainty over the impact of
41、 the funding cuts means that many universities havent yet set their postgraduate charges for 2012. According to a recent National Survey of UK Tuition Fees, the average cost of a taught masters degree program across 147 UK higher education institutions rose 24% in just 1 year, from 4 989 in 2010-201
42、1 to the current 6 184. The fee is expected to increase even more dramatically in 2012. “Ultimately, the decision on postgraduate fees will depend on calculations about what they need to do to survive as a university,“ says a University of Southampton Student Services representative who prefers not
43、to be named.K)In the United Kingdom, approximately 19 000 Ph. D. s are partly or fully funded by the research councils. Universities and industry partners also offer funded postgraduate positions and a range of bursaries(助学金), scholarships, and awards. However, many universities are now unsure how m
44、any positions they will be able to support in 2012. This could leave some Ph. D. students struggling for funding, since the government does not provide loans to support postgraduate study. One view held by careers specialists is that an increasingly competitive job market, paired with difficult econ
45、omic times, might encourage more students to pursue postgraduate degrees. “If there are fewer funding opportunities available for postgraduate study and more applicants, each available position will become very competitive,“ says the Southampton University Student Services representative. L)This mak
46、es it all the more important for aspiring postgraduate students to seek funding early, especially if they have financial commitments such as a mortgage(抵押)or a family. One approach is to apply for funding as broadly as possible. “After my undergraduate degree in mathematics, I was awarded a 4 000 sc
47、holarship from the Society for Underwater Technology,“ says Graeme MacGilchrist, who began a Master of Science in oceanography this year. As UK students brace for tough times, the key message from career advisers and student representatives is that students can ease the situation by starting to plan
48、 now. “We cant do anything about the level of fees, but we can do something to help students help themselves,“ King says.47 Career advisers and student-support workers are mainly concerned that most students will have to bear the huge debts after graduation.48 Without loans from the government to su
49、pport postgraduate study, some Ph. D. students will have to compete for funding.49 If a Scottish student wants to attend a university in Wales, he will probably pay more than in Scotland.50 University students in England will be probably charged higher tuition fees to handle the reduced government funding.51 Postgraduate fees will be based on the calculations about the money needed to maintain a university.52 Career advisers and studen
